LAB7-8Completedraman PDF

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Lab 7 & 8...

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COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

LAB 7-8. IP ADDRESSING Objective:  Understand IP Addressing scheme  Practice IP subnetting and IP subnet design 1 Understand IP addressing 1.1 IPv4 address classes

Complete the following table, an example has been done for you. Class name A B C D E

Address range

Network-ID bits

Host-ID bits

1.0.0.0.- 127.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255

8 bits 16 bits 24bits 8 bits 8 bits

24 bits 16 bits 8 bits 24 bits 24 bits

Complete the following table, an example has been done for you. IP network 10.0.0.0

Network Address 10.0.0.0/8

200.0.0.0

200.0.0.0/24

130.100.0.0

130.100.0.0/16

112.0.0.0

112.0.0.0/8

172.16.0.0

172.16.0.0/16

192.168.50.0

192.168.50.0/ 24

NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

Broadcast Host address Address range 10.255.255.255/8 10.0.0.1/8 – 10.255.255.254/8 200.255.255.255/ 200.0.0.1/24 24 200.255.255.254/ 24 130.100.255.255/ 130.100.0.1/16 16 -130.100.255.254/ 16 112.255.255.255/ 112.0.0.1/8 8 112.255.255.254/8 172.16.255.255/ 172.16.0.1/16 16 172.16.255.254/16 192.168.50.255/ 192.168.50.1/24 24 -192.168.50.254/ 24

Size 224 221

214

224 214 221

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 203.162.0.0

203.162.0.0/24

128.115.0.0

128.115.0.0/16

15.0.0.0

15.0.0.0/8

225.0.0.0

225.0.0.0/8

0.0.0.0

0.0.0.0/8

203.162.255.255/ 24

203.162.0.1/24 -203.162.255.254/ 24 128.115.255.255/ 128.115.0.1/16 16 128.115.255.254/ 16 15.255.255.255/8 15.0.0.1/8 – 15.255.255.254/8 225.255.255.255/ 225.0.0.1/8 – 8 225.255.255.254/8 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.1/8 – /8 255.255.255.254/8

221

214

224 224 224

1.2 IPv6 addressing

1.2.1 IPv6 zero notation rule IPv6 address is a 128-bit number written as a group of 8 address blocks separated by columns. Each address block is a 4-digit hexadecimal number. That’s very long number to write and remember. Therefore, engineers have invented a so-called zero compression rule that allows IPv6 addresses to be written in a much shorter way in many cases. The rule is stated as follow:  An address block that contains nothing but zero, hence zero block, can be notated by a single zero i.e. 0000 -> 0.  A zero block (or a series of consecutive zero blocks) can be replaced by a double colons i.e. 0:0:0 -> ::  The double colon notation can only be applied once in an address i.e. 2001 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 2 : 0 : 0 : 1 -> 2001 :: 2 : 0 : 0 : 1 Your task: Using the zero compression rule rewrite the following IPv6 addresses in compact format:  2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:01A1:0000:1231 - 2001:0:0:0:0:1A1:0:1231 - 2001::1A1:0:1231  FE80:0000:0000:0000:0076:0000:0000:0001 NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - FE80:0:0:0:76:0:0:1 - FE80::76:0:0:1  FDA7:0000:0000:0000:1452:0000:0000:1323 - FDA7:0:0:0:1452:0:0:1323 - FDA7::1452:0:0:1323  201F:0001:0001:0001:0000:1721:0000:0001 - 201F:1:1:1::1721:0:1  0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 - 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 - ::1  2001:0000:0000:1234:0000:0000:0001:0001 - 2001:0:0:1234:0:0:1:1 - 2001::1234:0:0:1:1  FF02:0000:0080:0000:0000:0001:0000:0002 - FF02:0:80:0:0:1:0:2 - FF02:0:80::1:0:2  FD01:0021:0000:0001:0001:0102:0000:0001 - FD01:21:0:1:1:102:0:1 - FD01:21::1:1:102:0:1  20FF:0000:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0001 - 20FF:0:0:0:1:0:0:1 - 20FF::1:0:0:1  31F9:0000:0000:0000:0000:00FA:0000:010A - 31F9:0:0:0:0:FA:0:10A - 31F9::FA:0:10A  2001:0AA1:1203:2786:C0A0:0000:0000:000A - 2001:AA1:1203:2786:C0A0:0:0:A - 2001:AA1:1203:2786:C0A0::A  FDA7:0256:2563:8878:0000:0000:0000:001A - FDA7:256:2563:8878:0:0:0:1A - FDA7:256:2563:8878::1A  2701:AAA1:0000:0000:0000:2786:C0A0:0001 - 2701:AAA1:0:0:0:2786:C0A0:1 - 2701:AAA1::2786:C0A0:1 NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING  FFXE:CD1F:0880:0000:0000:0000:0000:0002 - FFXE:CD1F:880:0:0:0:0:2 - FFXE:CD1F:880::2 Rewrite the following addresses in full format:  2001:0AA1:1203:2786:C0A0::A - 2001:0AA1:1203:2786:C0A0:0000:0000:A  2701:AAA1::2786:C0A0:1 - 2701:AAA1:0000:0000:0000:2786:C0A0:1  3F01:8132:6221::EF78:0:A711 - 3F01:8132:6221:0000:0000:EF78:0:A711  FD01::101:0:1110 - FD01:0000:0000:0000:0000:101:0:1110  FE80:1010:11A1::0001 - FE80:1010:11A1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001  FDA7:0256:2563:8878::001A - FDA7:0256:2563:8878:0000:0000:0000:001A  2CDF::7172:070A:0:0:0021 - 2CDF:0000:0000:7172:070A:0000:0000:0021  FF00:1010:AA89::11D:1 - FF00:1010:AA89:0000:0000:0000:11D:1  2005:1::C0A0:2 - 2005:1:0000:0000:0000:0000:C0A0:2  FFXE:CD1F:0880::2 - FFXE:CD1F:0880:0000:0000:0000:0000:2  FE80::0001 - FE80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001  FD02:0487::0101:0:0:1110 - FD02:0487:0000:0000:0101:0000:0000:1110 Assign the following IPv6 addresses to their groups i .e. Global Unicast, Local Unicast, Link Local and Multicast. An example has been done for you. IPv6 address 2001:0AA1:1203:2786:C0A0:0000:0000:000 A NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

Group Global Unicast

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2701:AAA1::2786:C0A0:1 3F01:8132:6221::EF78:0:A711 FD01::101:0:1110 FE80:1010:11A1::0001 FDA7:0256:2563:8878::001A 2CDF::7172:070A:0:0:0021 FF00:1010:AA89::11D:1 2005:1::C0A0:2 FFXE:CD1F:0880::2 FE80::0001 FD02:0487::0101:0:0:1110 FFXE:CD1F:0880:0000:0000:0000:0000:0002 31F9:0000:0000:0000:0000:00FA:0000:010A FE80:0000:0000:0000:0076:0000:0000:0001 FDA7:0256:2563:8878:0000:0000:0000:001A 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

Local Unicast Link Local Local Unicast Multicast Multicast Link Local Local Unicast Multicast Link Local Local Unicast Global Unicast

2 IP Subnetting 2.1 IP network and subnet

The concept of IP networks is used to refer to an IPv4 address range that includes all IPv4 addresses that share the same network-id. An IP network can be divided into small sub-spaces called sub-networks or subnets. IPv6 does not use the concept of network and subnet. Instead, the concept of routing prefix and network are used. Each IPv6 network is associated with a routing prefix. All IPv6 addresses that share the same routing prefix make up the IPv6 network of that routing prefix. Your tasks: Classify the following addresses into IP networks and subnetworks. Examples have been done for you. IP Network address 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.128.0/25 NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

Classification IP network IP sub-network

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 172.16.20.0/24 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/16 172.16.10.0/24 172.16.10.192/27 224.0.0.0/8

IP network IP network IP sub-network IP network IP sub-network IP network

2.2 Classful subnetting

Classful subnetting is an IP subnetting technique that divides an IP network into equal-sized subnets. Subnet masks are used to specify how networks are subdivided. Your task: Given the following IP networks: 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, 192.168.10.0 and 2001:1234:ABCD::/48. Which subnet mask should we use if we sub-divide the networks into:      

2 sub-networks 5 sub-networks 15 sub-networks 22 sub-networks 37 sub-networks 75 sub-networks

For each case, work out the size of each subnet and the starting IP address of the first 3 subnets. 2.3 Classless subnetting

Classless subnetting allows us to sub-divide a network or sub-network into smaller subnets of different sizes. The main classless subnetting technique is Variable Length Subnet Masking or VLSM. The main idea of VLMS is that we can subnet a subnetwork in the same way we subnet a network. Different subnet masks are used to get subnets of different sizes.

Subnet-1 NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

Subnet-21 Subnet-2

Subnet-22

Subnet211 Subnet212

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For example, we have a class C network: 192.168.10.0. We can sub-divide the network into 2 subnets i.e. 192.168.10.0/25 and 192.168.10.128/25. Next, we divide the 192.168.10.128/25 into 192.168.10.128/26 and 192.168.10.192/26 subnets. We can repeat the process to get the number of subnets that we need and also the suitable size for each subnet. Your task: Work out the subnet mask that will give the subnet of the following sizes (an example has been done for you) Subnet size 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048

CIDR /30 /29 /28 /27 /26 /25 /24 /23 /22 /21

Subnet mask 255.255.255.252 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0

Next, use VLSM technique to design a subnet plan for ANET.COM. The company network diagram is as follow:

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The detailed information of each network branch is given below: Head quarter Number of employee Each employee Database server File server Remote Access Server Branch-A Number of employee Each employee Database server Remote Access Server Branch-B Number of employee Each employee Database server Remote Access Server NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

90 01 PC + 01 IP Phone / Laptop 02 03 01 50 01 PC + 01 IP Phone / Laptop 01 01 10 01 PC + 01 IP Phone / Laptop 01 01

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Branch-C Number of employee Each employee Database server Remote Access Server

5 01 PC + 01 IP Phone / Laptop 01 01

The company was assign the following IP address network to use:

IP: 172.16.100.0/22 Detail your solution in the following tables: Step 1: Work out the number of IP addresses required for each sub-network: IP Address Requirement HQ Network 206 Branch A 102 Branch B 24 Branch C 16 Subnetworks between routers Total required Total Available How many IP address given by this range? 172.16.100.0/22 Is the total of available IP addresses enough to use for the company network? (YES/NO) Step 2: Work out the address allocation plan for each network IP Address Allocation Plan HQ Network Branch-A Branch-B Branch-C HQ-A (HQ Router to Branch-A Router) HQ-B HQ-C NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

172.16.100.0/24 172.16.101.0/25 172.16.101.128/27 172.16.101.160/28 172.16.101.176/30 – 172.16.101.179/30 172.16.101.180/30 – 101.183/30 172.16.101.184/30 – 101.16.101.187

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-B Step 3: Detailed IP address allocation plan for sub-networks and routers Head Quarter Network Allocated subnet Network address Broadcast address Valid host address range Default gateway address Branch-A Network Allocated subnet Network address Broadcast address Valid host address range Default gateway address Branch-B Network Allocated subnet Network address Broadcast address Valid host address range Default gateway address Branch-C Network Allocated subnet Network address Broadcast address Valid host address range Default gateway address

172.16.100.0/24 172.16.100.0 172.16.100.255 172.16.100.1 – 172.16.100.254 172.16.100.1 172.16.101.0/25 172.16.101.0 172.16.101.127 172.16.101.1 – 172.16.101.126 172.16.101.1 172.16.101.128/27 172.16.101.128 172.16.101.159 172.16.101.129 – 172.16.101.158 172.16.101.129 172.16.101.160 /28– 172.16.101.175/28 172.16.101.160 172.16.101.175 172.16.101.161 – 172.16.101.174 172.16.101.161

3 Lab submission Put your name and student ID in this lab document and submit to VU collaborate by the due date. Name – Raman singh ID - 4633148 The lab work will contribute to your final assessment results. NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS

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NIT1104 – COMPUTER NETWORKS...