LAMP 4177 Notes PDF

Preview

Summary

LAMP 4177 Notes - Unit 1...

Description

LAMP 4177 Lecture 3: Inflammation 

Inflammation: reaction of vascularized living tissue to local injury o Reaction of tissues to injury, characterized clinically by heat, swelling , redness, pain, and loss of function; pathologically by vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation, stasis, hyperemia, accumulation of leukocytes, exudation of fluid, and deposition of fibrin; and according to some authorities, the processes of repair, the production of new capillaries and fibroblasts, organization, and cicatrization o Response to injury  Acute inflammatory process followed by a chronic inflammatory process which ends in one of two ways  Resolution: the body of the tissue that has been damaged goes back to normal (more frequent)  Repair: scarring  Exceptions – skip chronic inflammation: o Resolution after acute inflammatory response o Repair after acute inflammatory response o Stereotypical  There are many different injuries but the response is almost always the same o Exquisitely balanced  Pro- and anti- inflammatory forces in our body  Balance between the two that will also your body to go back to normal or scarring after injury o –itis is going to refer to an inflammatory process  Appendicitis, cellulitis, meningitis, pneumonitis, nephritis, myocarditis o There are varied etiologies for inflammatory response (microbial infections: pneumonia, skin infections, etc., physical agents: burns, trauma-like cuts, radiation., chemicals: toxins and caustic substances., others: immunologic acid) or injuries but all lead to the stereotypical response of an acute inflammatory response o Four signs of inflammation (described by Celsus – 1AD):  Rubor – redness  Tumor – swelling  Calor – heat  Dolor – pain  Virchow (19th century) added a 5th – loss of function o Distinguish between acute and chronic inflammation two ways  Time course  Acute: less than 48 hours  Chronic: greater than 48 hours (weeks, months, years)  Cell type  Acute: polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) – these cells get to the site of injury quicker

Chronic: mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells) – these cells are slower in moving to the site of injury Acute inflammation:  Defined by PMNs on the microscope (serving as mediators)  Defined in the clinic as changes which take place usually within the first few minutes to several hours to days after an injury (48 hours)  Can be defined by three key physiological events (what is happening in the body when the tissue has incurred some sort of damage):  Changes in vascular flow and caliber (hemodynamic changes)  Changes in vascular permeability (vascular leakage)  Leukocyte exudation 

o...