Laporan Praktikum Pemuliaan Tanaman PDF

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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PEMULIAAN TANAMAN Semester : Genap 2019 Oleh : Dian Mussyafa A1D017090/5 KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN PURWOKERTO 2019 LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM MATA KULIAH PEMULIAAN TANAMAN Oleh : Dian Mussyafa A1D017090/5 Diterima da...

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LA LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM P PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

Semester : Genap 2019

Oleh : Dian Mussyafa A1D017090/5

N TINGGI KEMENTERIAN RIS RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVE IVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN PURWOKERTO 2019

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM MATA KULIAH PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

Oleh : Dian Mussyafa A1D017090/5

Diterima dan disetujui Tanggal : 23 Juni

Asisten Praktikum,

Dewi Indah Sari NIM.A1D015224

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur praktikan ucapkan kepada Allah SWT atas rahmat serta karunia-Nya praktikan mampu menyusun laporan praktikum Pemuliaan Tanaman. Shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurah limpah kepada Nabi Muhammad Shalallahu‘Alaihi Wasalam, keluarganya, sahabat-sahabatnya, dan juga kepada kita selaku umatnya. Laporan Praktikum ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah Pemuliaan Tanaman. Laporan Praktikum ini tidak mungkin terselesaikan tanpa bantuan pihak lain. Dalam hal ini penulis ingin mengucapkan banyak terimakasih untuk siapapun yang telah menolong dan memandu praktikan dalam menyelesaikan laporan ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan laporan ini masih penuh akan kekurangan. Meskipun demikian, semoga laporan praktikum ini dapat berguna bagi penulis dan pembaca pada umumnya. Purwokerto, Juni 2019

Praktikan

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................i DAFTAR ISI ...........................................................................................................ii DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................vii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..........................................................................................ix ACARA I BIOLOGI BUNGA PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................2 A. Latar Belakang.................................................................................2 B. Tujuan .............................................................................................3 I.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................4

II.

METODE PRAKTIKUM ...................................................................10 A. Tempat dan Waktu ........................................................................10 B. Bahan dan Alat ..............................................................................10 C. Prosedur Kerja ...............................................................................10

III.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................11 A. Hasil ..............................................................................................11 B. Pembahasan ...................................................................................13

IV.

SIMPULAN ........................................................................................26 A. Simpulan .......................................................................................26

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................27 ACARA II KORELASI ANTARA DUA SIFAT PADA TANAMAN I.

PENDAHULUAN................................................................................41 A. Latar Belakang ..............................................................................41 B. Tujuan ...........................................................................................42

II.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................43

III.

METODE PRAKTIKUM ...................................................................47 A. Tempat dan Waktu ........................................................................47 B. Bahan dan Alat ..............................................................................47

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C. Prosedur Kerja ...............................................................................47 IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................48 A. Hasil ..............................................................................................48 B. Pembahasan ...................................................................................49

V.

SIMPULAN ........................................................................................58 A. Simpulan .......................................................................................58

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................59 ACARA III HIBRIDISASI TANAMAN MENYERBUK SENDIRI I.

PENDAHULUAN...... .........................................................................69 A. Latar Belakang ..............................................................................69 B. Tujuan ...........................................................................................70

II.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................71

III.

METODE PRAKTIKUM ...................................................................75 A. Tempat dan Waktu ........................................................................75 B. Bahan dan Alat ..............................................................................75 C. Prosedur Kerja ...............................................................................75

IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................77 A. Hasil ..............................................................................................77 B. Pembahasan ...................................................................................77

V.

SIMPULAN ........................................................................................92 A. Simpulan .......................................................................................92

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................93 ACARA IV HIBRIDISASI TANAMAN MENYERBUK SILANG I. PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................101 A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................101 B. Tujuan ..........................................................................................102 II.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................103

III.

METODE PRAKTIKUM .................................................................107 A. Tempat dan Waktu ......................................................................107 B. Bahan dan Alat ............................................................................107 C. Prosedur Kerja .............................................................................107

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IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .........................................................109 A. Hasil .............................................................................................109 B. Pembahasan .................................................................................111

V.

SIMPULAN ......................................................................................124 A. Simpulan ......................................................................................124

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................125 ACARA V MENENTUKAN BOBOT SERIBU BIJI I. PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................135 A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................135 B. Tujuan ..........................................................................................136 II.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................137

III.

METODE PRAKTIKUM .................................................................141 A. Tempat dan Waktu ......................................................................141 B. Bahan dan Alat ............................................................................141 C. Prosedur Kerja .............................................................................141

IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .........................................................143 A. Hasil .............................................................................................143 B. Pembahasan .................................................................................144

V.

SIMPULAN ......................................................................................149 A. Simpulan ......................................................................................149

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................150 ACARA VI DESKRIPSI VARIETAS I. PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................158 A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................158 B. Tujuan ..........................................................................................159 II.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................160

III.

METODE PRAKTIKUM .................................................................164 A. Tempat dan Waktu ......................................................................164 B. Bahan dan Alat ............................................................................164 C. Prosedur Kerja .............................................................................164

IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .........................................................165

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A. Hasil .............................................................................................165 B. Pembahasan .................................................................................169 V.

SIMPULAN ......................................................................................176 A. Simpulan ......................................................................................176

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................176 ACARA VII KEMAJUAN SELEKSI I. PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................187 A. Latar Belakang .............................................................................187 B. Tujuan ..........................................................................................188 II.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................189

III.

METODE PRAKTIKUM .................................................................193 A. Tempat dan Waktu ......................................................................193 B. Bahan dan Alat ............................................................................193 C. Prosedur Kerja .............................................................................193

IV.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .........................................................194 A. Hasil .............................................................................................194 B. Pembahasan .................................................................................198

V.

SIMPULAN ......................................................................................206 A. Simpulan ......................................................................................206

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................207 RIWAYAT HIDUP..............................................................................................215

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Bagian-bagian bunga .............................................................................11 Tabel 2.1 Perbandingan Panjang malai dan Jumlah bulir (per malai) ..................48 Tabel 2.2 Tabel 2.2 Perbandingan Panjang malai dan bobot bulir (per malai) .....48 Tabel 2.3 Korelasi jumlah bulir permalai dan bobot bulir (per malai) .................49 Tabel 4.1 Hibridisasi Tanaman Menyerbuk Silang .............................................109 Tabel 5.1 Metode I ..............................................................................................143 Tabel 5.2 Metode II .............................................................................................143 Tabel 5.3 Metode III ...........................................................................................144 Tabel 6. Deskripsi Varietas Padi Inpari 31 .........................................................163 Tabel 6.2 Deskripsi Varietas Padi Inpago Unsoed 1 ...........................................164 Tabel 6.3 Deskripsi Varietas Padi IR 64 .............................................................165 Tabel 6.4 Deskripsi Varietas Padi Basmita .........................................................166 Tabel 7.1 Pengambilan acak 50 biji kacang tanah ..............................................194 Tabel 7.2 Pengambilan seleksi 30 biji kacang tanah ...........................................194 Tabel 7.3 Pengambilan acak 50 biji kacang tanah ..............................................195 Tabel 7.4 Pengambilan seleksi 30 biji kacang tanah ..........................................196 Tabel 7.5 Populasi 50 biji ...................................................................................197 Tabel 7.6 Populaasi 30 biji ..................................................................................197

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Bunga pepaya ....................................................................................30 Gambar 2.1 Penimbangan bobot bulir padi ...........................................................61 Gambar 2.2 Pengukuran panjang malai ................................................................61 Gambar 2.3 Malai padi ..........................................................................................61 Gambar 3.1 Malai tetua betina ..............................................................................80 Gambar 3.2 Kastrasi malai tetua betina ...............................................................81 Gambar 3.3 Proses emaskulasi tetua betina .........................................................82 Gambar 3.4 Isolasi tetua betina ............................................................................83 Gambar 3.5 Pengumpulan serbuk sari ................................................................84 Gambar 3.6 Penyerbukan buatan .........................................................................85 Gambar 3.7 Pengumpulan serbuk sari ..................................................................96 Gambar 3.8 Kastrasi ..............................................................................................96 Gambar 4.1 Jagung sebelum hibridisasi ............................................................109 Gambar 4.2 Jagung hasil hibridisasi ..................................................................109 Gambar 4.3 Etiket ..............................................................................................109 Gambar 4.4 Varietas jagung Kimmie ..................................................................114 Gambar 4.5 Varietas jagung Bonanza .................................................................116 Gambar 4.6 Bunga jantan ...................................................................................117 Gambar 4.7 Bunga betina ...................................................................................117 Gambar 4.8 Pemotongan bunga betina ..............................................................118 Gambar 4.9 Penyerbukan serbuk sari ke kepala putik ......................................118 Gambar 4.10 Penyungkupan dan pemasangan etiket .........................................119 Gambar 4.11 Pengamatan hasil hibridisasi .......................................................119 Gambar 4.12 Proses hibridisasi ...........................................................................127 Gambar 4.13 Etiket pada sungkup jagung ..........................................................127 Gambar 5.1 Perhitungan 1000 biji ......................................................................154 Gambar 5.2 Penimbangan bobot 1000 biji ..........................................................154 Gambar 5.3 Penimbangan bobot 200 biji ............................................................154

vii

Gambar 6.1 Pengamatan morfologi ....................................................................177 Gambar 6.2 Pengukuran tinggi ..........................................................................177 Gambar 7.1 Kacang tanah ...................................................................................209 Gambar 7.2 Pencacatan bobot .............................................................................209 Gambar 7.3 Timbangan analitik ..........................................................................209

viii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara I ....................................................................30 Lampiran 2.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara II ...................................................................61 Lampiran 3.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara III ..................................................................96 Lampiran 4.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara IV ................................................................125 Lampiran 5.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara V .................................................................152 Lampiran 6.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara VI ................................................................177 Lampiran 7.1 Foto Kegiatan Acara VII ..............................................................209

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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PEMULIAAN TANAMAN

ACARA I BIOLOGI BUNGA

Semester : Genap 2019

Oleh : Dian Mussyafa A1D017090/5 Acara : Riva Saiful Rizal & Erike Suroya PJJ A oya

N RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKA KEMENTERIAN IKAN TINGGI NIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIV FAKULTAS PERTANIAN PURWOKERTO 2019

I.

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang

Pada pemuliaan tanaman konvensional, variabilitas genetik dapat dibentuk melalui reproduksi seksual. Bunga sebagai alat reproduksi seksual mempunyai peran yang sangat penting. Dua bagian penting dari bunga yang secara langsung dilibatkan pada reproduksi seksual adalah benang sari (stamen) dan putik (pistil). Benang sari teridiri dari kepala sari (anther) yang berisi serbuk sari (pollen grains) dan tangkai (fillamen). Banyaknya anther pada satu bunga bervariasi. Putik terdiri dari kepala putik (stigma), tangkai putik (style) dan stigma dan masuk ke tangkai putik, akhirnya sampai ke ovary. Ovary mempunyai satu atau lebih bakal biji (ovule). Bunga merupakan salah satu bagian dari organ jaringan tanaman yang memiliki peran penting sebagai alat perkembangbiakan tanaman. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa bunga merupakan bagian terpenting dalam sistem reproduksi suatu tan...