LAWS2250 Reading List PDF

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LAWS2250/6250 Reading List Week 1: Introduction to the Nature and Structure of International Law ................................................ 2 Week 2: Subjects and Actors in International Law ................................................................................. 3 Week 3: Sources of International Law .................................................................................................... 4 Week 4: The Law of Treaties.................................................................................................................. 5 Week 5: International Law and Domestic Law....................................................................................... 6 Week 6: The Law of Jurisdiction ............................................................................................................ 7 Week 7: The Law of Immunities ............................................................................................................ 8 Week 8: The Law of State Responsibility .............................................................................................. 9 Week 9: Prohibition on the Threat or Use of Force .............................................................................. 10 Week 10: Collective Security and Enforcement Measures ................................................................... 11 Week 11: The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes .............................................................. 12 Week 12: Revision and Reflection........................................................................................................ 13

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Week 1: I ntroductio n to the Nat ure and Str ucture of I nternatio nal L aw

Week 1 (27-31 July): Introduction to the Nature and Structure of International Law During the first week of the course, we will consider the nature and structure of international law. This will provide an introduction to international law, including its structure, how it differs to domestic law, and what makes it a ‘legal system’. Required Reading: • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapter 1 (‘Introduction’) • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 1 (‘The Nature and Function of International Law) Further Reading: • Andrea Bianchi, International Law Theories (Oxford University Press 2016) • Anthea Roberts, Is International Law International? (Oxford University Press 2017) • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Sections 1.1 and 1.2 • Monica Hakimi, ‘The Work of International Law’ (2017) 58(1) Harvard International Law Journal 1 • James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi, The Cambridge Companion to International Law (Cambridge University Press 2012), Chapters 1 (‘International Law in Diplomatic History’), 2 (‘International Law in the World of Ideas’) and/or 3 (‘International Law as Law’) • American Society of International Law, ‘International Law: 100 Ways It Shapes Our Lives’ (2018) • B.S. Chimni, ‘Third World Approaches to International Law: A Manifesto’ (2006) 8 International Community Law Review 3 • Hilary Charlesworth, Christine Chinkin and Shelley Wright, ‘Feminist Approaches to International Law’ (1991) 85(4) American Journal of International Law 613 • Steven R. Ratner and Anne-Marie Slaughter, ‘Appraising the Methods of International Law: A Prospectus for Readers’ (1999) 93(2) American Journal of International Law 291

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Week 2: Subjects an d Actors in I nternational L aw

Week 2 (3-7 August): Subjects and Actors in International Law This week, we will consider the topic of subjects and actors in international law. We will consider what makes something a ‘subject’ or ‘object’ of international law, and then address some of the features of international law’s primary subjects (States). We will also address other potential ‘subjects’ of international law, including international organisations and individuals. Required Reading: • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapters 4 (‘Subjects of International Law’), and 5 (‘Creation and Incidence of Statehood’) • Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion 11 April 1949, ICJ Reports 1949, pp. 178-179 Further Reading: • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Chapter 5 (‘International Legal Personality’) • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapters 4 (‘Subjects of International Law’), Chapters 6 (‘Recognition of States and Governments’), 7 (‘International Organizations’), 9 (‘Acquisition and Transfer of Territorial Sovereignty’) • Rose Parfitt and Matthew Craven, Statehood, Self-Determination and Recognition, in Malcolm Evans (ed), International Law (Oxford University Press 2018) • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 3 (‘Participants in the International Legal System’) • Kate Parlett, The Individual in the International Legal System: Continuity and Change in International Law (Cambridge University Press 2011), pp. 1-44 • Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 1996, paragraph 25 • International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection (2006) • James Crawford, The Creation of States in International Law (Oxford University Press 2006) • Christine Chinkin and Freya Baetens (eds) Sovereignty, Statehood and State Responsibility Essays in Honour of James Crawford (Cambridge University Press 2015) • Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 2010, p. 403 (Kosovo Advisory Opinion) • James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi, The Cambridge Companion to International Law (Cambridge University Press 2012), Chapters 4 (‘Statehood: Territory, People, Government’) and 5 (‘Sovereignty as a Legal Value’) • Christian Hillgruber, ‘The Admission of New States to the International Community’ (1998) 9 European Journal of International Law 491 • Fergus Green, Fragmentation in Two Dimensions: The ICJ's Flawed Approach to Non-State Actors and International Legal Personality (2008) 9 Melbourne Journal of International Law 47

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Week 3: Source s of I nternationa l L aw

Week 3 (10-14 August): Sources of International Law This week, we will consider the ‘sources’ of international law. This will introduce you to the principal modes of law formation at the international level. We will primarily discuss treaty and customary international law formation. We will also address a number of other sources of international law (including ‘general principles’ of international law, and so-called ‘subsidiary sources’ of international law). We will also consider the rules regulating the interaction of these various sources of international law. Required Reading: • Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 38 • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapter 2 (‘The Sources of International Law’) • North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark and the Netherlands), Judgment of 20 February 1969, ICJ Reports 1969, paragraphs 70 to 101 Further Reading: • Monika Hakimi, Making Sense of Customary International Law (2020) 8(118) Michigan Law Review 1487 (you may also be interested in the online symposium on the article, available on the OpinioJuris blog) • Cassandra Steer, ‘Sources and Law-Making Processes relating to Space Activities’, in Ram S Jakhu and Paul Stephen Dempsey, Routledge Handbook of Space Law (Routledge 2016) • James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi, The Cambridge Companion to International Law (Cambridge University Press 2012), Chapter 8 (‘Law-Making and Sources’) • North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v. Denmark and the Netherlands), Judgment of 20 February 1969, ICJ Reports 1969, Dissenting Opinions of Judges Tanaka and Lachs • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 2 (‘Sources of International Law: Provenance and Problems’) • Kevin John Heller, Specially-Affected States and the Formation of Custom (2018) 112(2) American Journal of International Law 191 • Prosper Weil, Towards Relative Normativity in International Law? (1983) 77(3) American Journal of International Law 413 • International Law Commission’s work on General Principles of Law – see, especially, the First Report on General Principles of Law by the Special Rapporteur (2019) • International Law Commission’s work on the Identification of Customary International Law – see, especially, the Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law (2018) • Sandesh Sivakumaran, The Influence of Teachings of Publicists on the Development of International Law (2017) 66 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 1 • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Chapter 2 (‘Sources of International Law’) • Jo Lynn Slama, ‘Opinio Juris in Customary International Law’ (1990) 15 Oklahoma City University Law Review 603 • Imogen Saunders ‘International Disaster Relief Law and Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice: the forgotten source of international law’ in D Caron, M Kelly and A Telesetsky (eds), The International Law of Disaster Relief (Cambridge University Press, 2014), 29 Page 4 of 13

Week 4: T he L aw of T reaties

Week 4 (17-21 August): The Law of Treaties This week, we will discuss the international law rules associated with treaties, including rules governing the negotiation, interpretation, application, breach, and termination of treaties. We will focus on the rules applicable to treaties between States, introducing in particular the operation of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Required Reading: • Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT 1969) • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapter 16 (‘The Law of Treaties’) • International Law Commission, Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties (2011), especially Sections 1 (‘Definitions’), 3 (‘Permissibility of Reservations and Interpretive Declarations’) and 4 (‘Legal Effects of Reservations and Interpretive Declarations’) Further Reading: • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Chapter 3 (‘Law of Treaties’) • Duncan Hollis, The Oxford Guide to Treaties (Oxford University Press 2012) • Christian Tams, Antonios Tzanakopoulos, Andreas Zimmerman, Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties (Edward Elgar 2014), especially Part II (‘Dimensions’) • Anthony Aust, Modern Treaty Law and Practice (3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press 2013) • Olivier Corten and Pierre Klein, The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary (Oxford University Press 2011) • Catherine Redgwell, ‘Reservations to Human Rights Treaties’ (1997) 46 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 390 • Michael Waibel, ‘Demystifying the Art of Interpretation’ (2011) 22 European Journal of International Law 571 • Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Advisory Opinion 28 May 1951, ICJ Reports 1951

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Week 5: I nter national L aw and Dome s tic L aw

Week 5 (24-28 August): International Law and Domestic Law This week we will consider the relationship between the international and domestic legal systems, including the concepts of ‘monism’ and ‘dualism’. We will consider in particular how international law comes to apply within the Australian domestic legal system, and how international law indirectly influences Australian law, including through the common law and as a factor relevant to statutory and constitutional interpretation. Required Reading: • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Chapter 4 (‘International and Municipal Law’) • André Nollkaemper and Laura Burgers, ‘A New Classic in Climate Change Litigation: the Dutch Supreme Court Decision in the Urgenda Case’ (2020) EJIL: Talk! Further Reading: • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapter 3 (‘The Relations of International and National Law’) • Dinah Shelton, International Law and Domestic Legal Systems: Incorporation, Transformation, and Persuasion (Oxford University Press 2011) • Christian Tams, Antonios Tzanakopoulos, Andreas Zimmerman, Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties (Edward Elgar 2014), Chapter 5 (‘The Effects of Treaties in Domestic Law’) • Gráinne de Búrca, ‘International Law before the Courts: The European Union and the United States Compared’ (2015) 55 Vanderbilt Journal of International Law 685 • Shaheed Fatima, Using International Law in Domestic Courts (Hart 2005) • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 12 (‘The Role of National Courts in the International Legal Process’) • Brian Opeskin and Donald Rothwell, The Impact of Treaties on Australian Federalism (1995) 27 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 1 • Louis Henkin, ‘International Law as Law in the United States’ (1984) 82 Michigan Law Review 1555 • John Dugard, ‘International Law and the South African Constitution’ (1997) 8 European Journal of International Law 77

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Week 6: The Law of Jurisdiction

Week 6 (31 August-4 September): The Law of Jurisdiction In Week 6, we will consider the bases upon which States may claim to hold jurisdiction over certain persons or subjects, and the capacity for States to exercise that jurisdiction in the territory of other States. Required Reading: • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapter 21 (‘Jurisdictional Competence’) Further Reading: • James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi, The Cambridge Companion to International Law (Cambridge University Press 2012), Chapter 6 (‘Exercise and Limits of Jurisdiction’) • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 4 (‘Allocating Competence: Jurisdiction’) • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Chapter 7 Sections 7.1-7.7 (‘Jurisdiction’) • Roger O’Keefe, ‘Universal Jurisdiction: Clarifying the Basic Concept’ (2004) 3 Journal of International Criminal Justice 735 • William Dodge, ‘Jurisdiction in the Fourth Restatement of Foreign Relations Law’ (2016) 18 Yearbook of Private International Law 143 • Cedric Ryngaert, Jurisdiction in International Law (2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press 2015) • Alex Mills, ‘Rethinking Jurisdiction in International Law’ (2014) 84(1) British Yearbook of International Law 187

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Week 7: T he L aw of I mmunities

Week 7 (21-25 September): The Law of Immunities In Week 7 we will consider ‘immunities’, which may provide a basis upon which States or individuals can resist the exercise of another State’s jurisdiction. We will consider ‘sovereign immunity’ (the immunity of a State from the jurisdiction of another State) as well as the immunity of particular individuals from the jurisdiction of foreign States. Required Reading: • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapter 22 (‘Privileges and Immunities of Foreign States’) • Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment 3 February 2012, ICJ Reports 2012, paras. 52-108 Further Reading: • Dapo Akande and Sangeeta Shah, ‘Immunities of State Officials, International Crimes, and Foreign Domestic Courts’ (2011) 21 European Journal of International Law 815 • Donald Rothwell et al, International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives (Cambridge University Press 2018), Chapter 7 Sections 7.8 (‘Foreign State Immunity’) and 7.9 (‘Diplomatic Immunity’) • Hazel Fox and Philippa Webb, The Law of State Immunity (3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2015) • Stefan Talmon, ‘Jus Cogens after Germany v. Italy: Substantive and Procedural Rules Distinguished’ (2012) 25 Leiden Journal of International Law 979 • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 5 (‘Exceptions to Jurisdictional Competence: Immunities from Suit and Enforcement’) • Colin Warbrick, Dominic McGoldrick and J. Craig Barker, ‘State Immunity, Diplomatic Immunity and Act of State: A Triple Protection against Legal Action’ (1997) 47 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 950 • United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property (2004) • International Law Commission’s work on the Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction

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Week 8: T he L aw of State Res po ns ibility

Week 8 (28 September-2 October): The Law of State Responsibility In Week 8, we will address the topic of ‘State responsibility’. This area of international law determines the consequences associated with State breaches of international law. The rules on State responsibility are relevant to attributing wrongful conduct to States, determining when there is an internationally wrongful act, and determining the consequences of such acts. Required Reading: • James Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of International Law (9th Edition, Oxford University Press 2019), Chapters 25 (‘The Conditions for International Responsibility’) and 26 (‘Consequences of an Internationally Wrongful Act’) • International Law Commission, 2001 Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Articles 1-8, 11, 12-15, 20-25, 27-31, and 34-37 Further Reading: • International Law Commission, 2001 Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with Commentaries, pp. 31-36 (general introduction, articles 12 and commentary), 38-49 (articles 4-8 and commentary), 52-54 (article 11 and commentary), 71-86 (articles 20-27 and commentary), and 86-94 (articles 28-31 and commentary) • Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (Oxford University Press 2000), Chapter 9 • David D. Caron, The ILC Articles on State Responsibility: The Paradoxical Relationship between Form and Authority (2002) 96(4) American Journal of International Law 857 • Bruno Simma and Dirk Pulkowski, Of Planets and the Universe: Self-Contained Regimes in International Law (2006) 17(3) European Journal of International Law 483 • Federica I. Paddeu, To Convene or Not to Convene? The Future Status of the Articles on State Responsibility: Recent Developments (2018) 21(1) Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 83 • Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits Judgment 27 June 1986, ICJ Reports 1986, paras. 105-116 • ICTY Appeals Chamber, Prosecutor v. Tadic, Judgment 15 July 1999, paras. 87-145 • Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgment 26 February 2007, ICJ Reports 2007, paras. 379-415 (Bosnian Genocide Case)

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Week 9: Pr ohibition on the T hreat or Us e of Force

Week 9 (5-9 October): Prohibition on the Threat or Use of Force International law prevents States from threatening or using force against other States, except in certain ...