Lecture 16 - Dr. Dana Sawchuk PDF

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Dr. Dana Sawchuk...

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Families (Conc.); Deviance and Crime    

What are some factors associated with divorce? What is deviance? Why is the definition of deviance considered relative? What is crime & how can it be classified? How do motivational theories explain crime? What are some factors associated with divorce?

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38% of marriages will end in divorce Potential risk factors: - Second shift - Violence against women - Young spouses - Brief courtship - Low income - Two-career - Alcohol/substance abuse - Co-habitation - High school education or less

What is deviance? Why is the definition of deviance considered relative? 

Deviance: - Any behaviour, belief, or condition that violates cultural norms - Non-conformity - Relative (socially defined) - Reaction of others key - Difficult to define - Negative reaction (attempts to change behaviour and/or punish person): - Social control - Informal or formal What is crime & how can it be classified?

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Crime: - Deviance that is defined by norms that are formalized in criminal law - “Conflict” vs. “Consensus” Crimes

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White collar crime - Committed by professionals in the course of employment or financial dealings - Medifraud - Corporate crime - Committed by employees on behalf of corporation & with its support

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Cost of white collar & corporate crimes is higher than that of street crimes Occupational crime? How do motivational theories explain crime?

1) Strain theory: - When access to approved means of reaching culturally approved goals is blocked - Strain  innovation (alternative, illegitimate way to attain goals) 2) Differential Association (‘Learning”) Theory: - When exposure to law-breaking attitudes is more extensive than exposure to law-abiding attitudes 3) Subcultural theory - Criminal subculture - Socialization: techniques, motives, rationalizations, & attitudes of criminal behaviour -

Techniques of neutralization: – Denial of injury – Denial of victimization – Denial of personal responsibility – Condemning the condemners – Appeal to higher loyalties...