Lecture Notes Unit 2 PDF

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Lecture notes detailing unit 2...

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Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development ● Views of Jean Piaget ○ Adaption ■ Schema(ta) ● Can be an action or a mental representation ○ Assimilation ■ Responds to a new stimulus so it will fit into existing schema ■ Putting new things in their mouth ○ Accomodation ■ (Dis)equilibrium ■ Learning the actual function of new things ○ Organization ■ Can be physical or psychological ● Piaget’s Stage Model of Cognitive Development ○ Children must go through these stages in the same order, but not at the same rate ○ Critics of his methodology ○ Brief overview of stages ■ Preconceptual ● 0-18 months: Sensorimotor ■ Conceptual ● 18 months - 7 years: Preoperational ● 7-11 years: Concrete Operations ● 11 years+: Formal Operations ○ Sensorimotor # of Months Substage 0-1 Reflexes 1-4 Primary Circular Reactions 4-6 Secondary Circular Reactions 6-10 Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions -Infant displays simple problem solving -Concept of Objects; Object Permanence -Action ---> schema formation ---> language (Plays w/doll) (Schema of doll) (Says “doll”) 10-18 Tertiary Circular Reactions -Trial and Error experimentation -”exploring an object’s potential” ● The Transition to the Preoperational Stage ○ Piaget highlights the deficiencies in toddlers’ thinking during this stage

■ Toddlers’ thought lacks generality ● Toddler thinks in terms of particulars rather than classes or categories ● Toddlers’ thought is egocentric ■ Perceptual egocentrism ■ The “3 Mountains” Task ● Psychological Egocentrism ○ Toddler unable to take other person’s cognitive or affective perspective...