List of master architects and their famous achievements PDF

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MASTER ARCHITECTS http://www.complex.com/style/2012/05/25-architects-you-should-know/ 1.0 Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) A Finnish architect. He is known as the father of modern Scandinavian design,and also became famous for his furniture and glassware. His works are modernist and functional, yet classical...

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MASTER ARCHITECTS http://www.complex.com/style/2012/05/25-architects-you-should-know/ 1.0

Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) A Finnish architect. He is known as the father of modern Scandinavian design,and also became famous for his furniture and glassware. His works are modernist and functional, yet classically-inspired. Alvar Aalto received international acclaim with the completion of the Paimio Tuberculosis Sanatorium,Paimio, Finland.

Paimio Sanatorium is a former tuberculosis sanatorium in Paimio, Finland -

The Sanatorium building established Aalto's dominance of the International style and, more importantly, emphasized Aalto's attention to the human side of design. The patients' rooms, with their specially designed heating, lighting and furniture, are models of integrated environmental design. Alvar Aalto's Paimio chair (1932) assisted patient breathing.

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The term Nordic Classicism has been used to describe some of Alvar Aalto's work. Many of his buildings combined sleek lines with richly textured natural materials such as stone, teak, and rough-hewn logs. Nordic Classicism was regarded as a mere interlude between two far more well-known architectural movements, National Romanticism or Jugendstil (often seen as equivalent or parallel to Art Nouveau) and Functionalism (aka Modernism).

Le Corbusier ,the pseudonym for Charles Édouard Jeanneret-Gris. (1887-1965) A Swiss-born French architect and city planner.

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He is a pioneer of modern architecture that led him as a major proponent of the Bauhaus movement and the International Style.

Ground Floor,Entrance Villa Savoye, Poissy, France,1928-1931 -

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The building design incorporates the five tenets of his architecture: the piloti (freestanding structural column), the independence of the structural frame from the external skin( free façade) , the free plan of the interior accommodation, the free elevation, and the roof garden.

He declared that a house would be a "machine for living," which means not reducing man to the level of an automaton but uplifting him by as precise an environment in totality as the precision of an automobile brake. Ventilation, sound insulation, sun-traps in winter, and sun shields (brises-soleil) in summer were all a part of this precision and of Le Corbusier's ideals for a total environment. His later works include the Unit d'Habitation and the lyrical chapel of Notre-Dame-du-Haut at Ronchamp, France.

Unité d'Habitation, Marseilles, France, 1946-1952 - A modernist residential housing design principle - One of Le Corbusiers's most famous works, it proved enormously influential and is often cited as the initial inspiration of the Brutalist architectural style and philosophy. - The building is constructed in béton brut (rough-cast concrete), as the hoped-for steel frame proved too expensive in light of post-War shortages.[1] The Unité in Marseille is pending designation as a World Heritage site by UNESCO.

Notre Dame du Haut, or Ronchamp, Ronchamp, France - Expressionist Modern Style - The structural design of the roof was inspired by the engineering of airfoils. 3.0

Antonio Gaudí (1852-1926) A Barcelona-based Spanish architect whose free-flowing works were greatly influenced by nature. Spanish architect 

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His distinctive style is characterized by freedom of form, voluptuous colour and texture, and organic unity. Gaudí worked almost entirely in or near Barcelona. Much of his career was occupied with the construction of the Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family (Sagrada Família),Barcelona,Spain which was unfinished at his death in 1926.

Sagrada Família),Barcelona,Spain 4.0

Walter Gropius. (1883-1969) A German Architect and art educator

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He founded the Bauhaus school of design, which became a dominant force in architecture and the applied arts in the 20th century. He believed that all design should be functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. His Bauhaus school pioneered a functional, severely simple architectural style, featuring the elimination of surface decoration and extensive use of glass.

The Bauhaus Dessau architecture department from 1925, Weimar, Germany. The Bauhaus school, founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919, redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history, viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis—the apex—of art, craft, and technology.

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Louis Isadore Kahn - Born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky (1901 – 1974) An American architect based in Philadelphia. One of the most influential architects of the midtwentieth century. -

He was a visionary architect, an expert manipulator of form and light, a creator of uniquely dramatic buildings, and a highly complex individual

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He realised relatively few buildings, yet the formal restraint and emotional expressiveness of his Jonas Salk Institute, Kimbell Art Museum and the Capital Complex in Dhaka are regarded as an inspired interpretation of Modernism.

Kimbell Art Museum, Forth Worth, Texas, USA

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Kahn's architecture is notable for its simple, platonic forms and compositions. Through the use of brick and poured-in place concrete masonry, he developed a contemporary and monumental architecture that maintained a sympathy for the site. While rooted in the International Style, Kahn's architecture was an amalgam of his Beaux Arts education and a personal aesthetic impulse to develop his own architectural forms.

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His philosophical concepts, "silence and light." Silence represents the darkness of the beginning, and light symbolizes the source of life, the inspiration of the creative act.

Adolf Loos (1870-1933). An Austrian and Czechoslovak architect. -

He was influential in European Modern architecture, and in his essay Ornament and Crime he abandoned the aesthetic principles of the Vienna Secession. In this and many other essays he contributed to the elaboration of a body of theory and criticism of Modernism in architecture and design. -

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Ranks as one of the most important pioneers of the modern movement in architecture. Adolf Loos 's buildings were rigorous examples of austere beauty, ranging from conventional country cottages to planar compositions for storefronts and residences. In his 1898 essay entitled "Principles of Building," Adolf Loos wrote that the true vocabulary of architecture lies in the materials themselves, and that a building should remain "dumb" on the outside. In his own work, Adolf Loos contrasted austere facades with lavish interiors. Adolf Loos 's private residential works were characterized by unembellished white facades. As a result, these buildings have routinely been associated with the work of Le Corbusier, J. J. Oud, and others. Café Museum,1899 It is a traditional Viennese café located in the Innere Stadt first district in Vienna, Austria The original interior was designed by renowned architect Adolf Loos.

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Steiner House (1910), A Rationalist Architecture 7.0

Among the more famous were the much published Steiner House (1910) and Scheu House (1912), both in Vienna

Scheu House (1912)

Ludwig Mies Ven Der Rohe (1886-1969) A German-born architect and educator, is widely acknowledged as one of the 20th century's greatest architects. By emphasizing open space and revealing the industrial materials used in construction, he helped define modern architecture. -

He is commonly referred to and was addressed as Mies, his surname. Along with Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture.

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He called his buildings "skin and bones" architecture. He sought a rational approach that would guide the creative process of architectural design, but he was always concerned with expressing the spirit of the modern era. He is often associated with his quotation of the aphorisms, "less is more" and "God is in the details".

Mies made a dramatic modernist debut with his stunning competition proposal for the faceted all-glass Friedrichstraße skyscraper in 1921, followed by a taller curved version in 1922 named the Glass Skyscraper He designed the The Seagram Building, a skyscraper, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

Seagram Building

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Farnsworth House The only residence built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in America, Farnsworth House exemplifies both the central tenet of the International Style by inverting the conventions of traditional architecture, and of Mies' own design philosophy as it had evolved over the preceding four decades. Aldo Rossi (1931 – 1997) An Italian architect and designer who accomplished the unusual feat of achieving international recognition in four distinct areas: theory, drawing, architecture and product design.

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He advocated the use of a limited range of building types and concern for the context in which a building is constructed. This postmodern approach, known as neo-rationalism, represents a reinvigoration of austere classicism. In addition to his built work, he is known for his writings, numerous drawings and paintings, and designs for furniture and other objects.

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The Ar hite ture of the City’ was firstly published in 1966 by Aldo Rossi, based on his notes and lectures, when functionalism predominated. As Rossi stated, this book did not cover new issues, but it was sensational for architects in that era because it gave them a chance to rethink architecture with respect to the city as a meaning of collective life, history, and reality instead of from a functional aspect. Rossi gained international attention at the Venice Biennale in 1979 when he designed the Teatro del Mondo, a floating theatre. The wood-clad structure, featuring an octagonal tower, recalled the Venetian tradition of floating theatres

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Carlo Scarpa (1906 – 1978) An Italian architect, influenced by the materials, landscape, and the history of Venetian culture, and Japan.Scarpa was also a glass and furniture designer of note. -

He was a virtuoso of light, a master of detail, and a connoisseur of materials. Today he is known as a 20thcentury master of architecture.

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His first important commission was the 1935 restoration and renovation of the School of Economics at the University of Venice, in the Ca Foscari. This project was a portrait of the future, with elegant glass, metal, and wood details subtly integrated into the architecture of medieval Venice.

James Stirling (1926 – 1992) A British architect. Among critics and architects alike he is generally acknowledged to be one of the most important and influential architects of the second half of the 20th century. -

Stirling's early designs, especially for Cambridge and Oxford, often emphasized concept over aesthetic and utilitarian needs. His later works appeared more formal due to their influence from PostModern classicism. Criticized for his ability to continually alter his fundamental architectural principles, Stirling uses an experimental design approach that shows little commitment to one particular style.

His works 1968 Cambridge University: Faculty of History

Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart, Germany

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Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – April 14, 1924) An American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism". He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. -

The notable 19th-century architect of skyscrapers who promoted an overriding precept to architectural design: "Form follows function".

Prudential Building, also known as the Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York, 1894 Sullivan's design for the building was based on his belief that "form follows function". He and Adler divided the building into four zones. The basement was the mechanical and utility area. Since this level was below ground, it did not show on the face of the building. The next zone was the ground-floor zone which was the public areas for street-facing shops, public entrances and lobbies. The third zone was the office floors with identical office cells clustered around the central elevator shafts. The final zone was the terminating zone, consisting of elevator equipment, utilities and a few offices.

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Christopher Wren (1632 – 1723) One of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history. He was accorded responsibility for rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710.

St Paul's Cathedral, London London's most iconic building

Wren was a notable anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as an architect

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Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, 1867 – 1959) An American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. -

This philosophy was best exemplified by Falling water (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture".[1] Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States.

Fallingwater, - Frank Lloyd Wright created this unique design for the Kauffman family in 1934 - Applied Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world

Robie House, - A U.S. National Historic Landmark on the campus of the University of Chicago in the neighborhood of Hyde Park in Chicago, Illinois, at 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue on the South Side. - It was designed and built between 1908 and 1910 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of the Prairie School style, the first architectural style that was uniquely American. 14.0

Tadao Ando Born September 13, 1941 . A Japanese self-taught architect whose approach to architecture and landscape was categorized by architectural historian Francesco Dal Co as "critical regionalism". -

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Ando's architectural style is said to create a "haiku" effect, emphasizing nothingness and empty space to represent the beauty of simplicity. He favors designing complex spatial circulation while maintaining the appearance of simplicity.

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A self-taught architect, he keeps his Japanese culture and language in mind while he travels around Europe for research. As an architect, he believes that architecture can change society, that "to change the dwelling is to change the city and to reform society". "Reform society" could be a promotion of a place or a change of the identity of that place. The simplicity of his architecture emphasizes the concept of sensation and physical experiences, mainly influenced by the Japanese culture. The religious term Zen, focuses on the concept of simplicity and concentrates on inner feeling rather than outward appearance. Ze i flue es i idly sho i A do’s ork a d e a e its disti guishi g ark. I order to practice the idea of simplicity, Ando's architecture is mostly constructed with concrete, providing a sense of cleanliness and weightlessness at the same time. Due to the simplicity of the exterior, construction, and organization of the space are relatively potential in order to represent the aesthetic of sensation.

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas 15.0

Gottfried Böhm (born January 23, 1920) is a German architect. He is currently the only German architect to be honored with a Pritzker Prize. Famous buildings: - St. Columba Church, in Cologne, Germany (1947-1950) - Pilgrimage Church, in Neviges, Germany (1968-1972) - Christi Auferstehung (Church of Resurrection), in Cologne (1968-1970) - Bensburg Town Hall, Germany (1964-1969) Bensburg Town Hall, Germany

Deutsche Bank The building surrounded on its outside by sandstone pillars welcomes its visitors inside with a spacious, open and translucent hall topped by a spectacular glass dome.

In the following decades Böhm constructed many buildings around Germany, including churches, museums, civic center, office buildings, homes, and apartments. He has been considered to be both an expressionist and post-Bauhaus architect, but he prefers to define himself as an architect who creates "connections" between the past and the future, between the world of ideas and the physical world, between a building and its urban surroundings. In this vein, Böhm always envisions the color, form, and materials of a building in relationship with its setting. His earlier projects were done mostly in molded concrete, but more recently he has begun using more steel and glass in his buildings, due to the technical advancements in both materials. His concern for urban planning is evident in many of his projects, again showing his concern for "connections". 16.0

Mario Botta (born April 1, 1943) A Swiss architect and a contemporary architect -

Co sidered o e of the e tury’s ost fu da e tal contributors to postmodern classicism, Swiss architect Mario Botta is respected particularly for his sensitivity to regional erna ular and to the uilding’s relationship ith the land. He is the designer of the Bechtler Museum of Modern Art and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art – the only commissions he has accepted in the United States.

Bechtler Museum of Modern Art - Charlotte, North Carolina is a 36,500 square feet (3,390 m2) museum space dedicated to the exhibition of mid-20th-century modern art. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art San Francisco, California, 1995 - An image-oriented design for a prominent building, a strictly symmetrical composition of Platonic masses with stripes.

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Daniel Burnham (1846 – 1912) was an American architect and urban designer. -

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Burnham took a leading role in the creation of master plans for the development of a number of cities, including Chicago, Manila and downtown Washington, D.C. He also designed several famous buildings, including the Flatiron Building of triangular shape in New York City, Union Station in Washington D.C., the Continental Trust Company Building tower skyscraper in Baltimore (now One South Calvert Building), and a number of notable skyscrapers in Chicago. Burnham and Root were the architects of one of the first American skyscrapers: the Masonic Temple Building in Chicago. Tallest in Chicago from 1895 to 1899.

Masonic Temple Building

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Santiago Calatrava...