Maori 130 lectures - Lecture notes all PDF

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What is Hawaiki it is an ideology not a single location what island doesnt believe in Hawaiki ? Tonga what does "Maori" mean term used to distinguish from Pakeha means "normal" or "ordinary" whanau Extended family groups Hapu Group od different Whanau with common ancestor - Main social unit which does things it can also stand alone without an Iwi Iwi Group of Hapu tracing decents from common ancestor. Some might not have hapu and could be a small Iwi Waka Migratory canoes ancestors of many Whanau, Hapu, and Iwi. Rohe Geographic regions and landscapes inhibited by Whanau, Hapu, and Iwi. North island was called Aotearoa South Island was called Te waipounamu Chatham Island was called Rekohu Stewart Island was called Rakiura 00:0201:14 Upgrade to remove adverts Only NZ$5/month what is a pepeha Formulaic expression of identity to formally introduce by locating self to environment within genology. It locates you with your Whanau, Hapu, Iwi, and Waka in a geographic location known as rohe. Tikanga Correct way to carry out something in Maori cultural terms - flexible It is practiced today on Marae and Maori controlled environments. Mana Vessel -that is inextricably based in the spiritual realms. The gods have given authority and power to act on their behalf. You can feel and sense mana.. Tapu Form of social control to protect. When a person, place, or object is untouchable and no longer put to common use and dedicated to god. Whanauangatanga The manner in which everyone in a community is related genealogically Kaitiaki

are the spritual assistants of the gods eg. fish, birds animals etc Imbued with mana to maintain life force of the natural worlds that is healthy and strong. They can communicate with humans when at risk. Kaitiakitanga The role played by humans as kaitiaki and they are the wh7nau and hap8 who are mana whenua of an area. They must do everything in their power to restore its natural strength . Rangatira A person of Mana that derives from not only genealogical seniority but also from their own personal qualities and abilities to maintain the support and confidence of their people. Eg. person of mana who can lead the people by holding them together. Rangatiratanga Exercise of leadership, cheiftainship, authority, guardianship and ownership rights Mana and rangatiratanga are inextricably linked. there are several Maori dialects which are Mutually intelligible as the main differences are though some sound changes Upgrade to remove adverts Only NZ$5/month Western Maori - Aspirated w for wh-Wh7ng7rei - Glottal stop for h -wahine glottal stop plus w for wh-whare Eastern Maori -Wh7nau-a-Apanui, Ng7tiPorou, Ng7tiKahungunu Central Maori -Tuhoen for both n and ng-tangata-Te Arawa South Island Waipounamu k for ng-NgaiTahu/Kai Tahu Moriori extinct phonology 10 consonants and 5 vowels Kura Kaupapa Maori language teaching Primary school Kohanga Reo Maori language teaching pre-schools Whare Kura Maori language teaching high school Whare Wananga Maori language teaching tertiary institutions Upgrade to remove adverts Only NZ$5/month some initiatives of Maori language reforms - maori Broadcasting - radio stations -Films Te Matatini national kapa haka festival initially promotes maori clothes/culture - excellence for everything - translates as many faces Waiata Tira

non marked section - coral song - harmonised Whakaeke entrance - very flexible - no rules - acknowledges home people and yourself Moteatea traditional chant - oldest genre - cannot harmonise Waiata a-ringa action song - most contemporary - uses hands (ringa) to sing Poi performance with poi (strengthens hands) Haka NOT SOLELY A WAR DANCE - used as a form of expression and is encoded with knowledge. Contact period - Discuss some of key elements/ activities/ features of the expanding M7ori world Eager to access technology, literacy, and trade opportunities. Regarded as "case of fatal impact" as arrival of Pakeha demoralized and crippled Maori society Settler lawlessness - what were some features Fist fights, prostitution, drinking culture Upgrade to remove adverts Only NZ$5/month Te kara the flag of confederation He whakaputanga 1835 the declaration of independence - stating the Rangatira of many hapu get to maintain the mana over their land Te Tiriti 1840 was made before the treaty of waitangi it was set out to protect from pakeha lawlessness te ao marama the world of light/ dwelling place of humans Te Tiriti 1840 was made before the treaty of waitangi it was set out to protect from pakeha lawlessness what was the difference from pacific reality to aotearoa reality? changed from sea-based to land-based tradition Doctrine of discovery A fundamental historical basis and legal precedent for policies and laws that allowed the Europeans to take the land and natural resources away from the Natives - most of the White States in Europe that they had the right to dispossess most of the nonWhite Indigenous Peoples of the world. Colonising strategies extermination, assimilation, extinction, protectionism how is whakapapa a tool of analysis 2 phenomenon come together and give rise to a third phenomenon Outcomes of colonisation around 2000 casualties and roughly 10% of Maori population killed Upgrade to remove adverts Only NZ$5/month Matauranga Maori A body of knowledge that has been derived from a M7ori cultural context. Maori Epistemology

Te kore nothing but darkness - state of non-being te po gods have arisen from sea, water, air, land etc te ao marama child of Rangi-nui & Papatuanuku kupes observation taught him what ? shining kuku- that they didnt have webbed feet and would fly south therefore there must be land Name four Maori initiatives to revitalize M7ori language Maori television, the schools, Maori performing arts, written records Name the types of schools Kohanga Reo (pre-k), Kura Kaupapa Maori (primary school), Whare Kura (secondary school), Whare Wananga (tertiary school) what happened at Bastion point 222 protesters were arrested for for spending over 500 days on Bastion points Marae Tangaroa Ocean Followed by Te Tiriti, which formalised the relationship between M7ori and the Crown by affirming 'tino rangatiratanga' (ultimate authority, power and control) to M7ori and a mechanism through which the Queen could control her subjects. What was that mechanism called? kawanatanga Whakaminenga The Confederation of Hapu to address increasing lawlessness of P7keh7. The document He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni affirmed what notion? confirming M7ori sovereignty why would Maori not cede sovereignty they held mana whenua for thousand years they also out numbered pakeha and were strongly armed terra nullius land without people Institutional racism the systematic maintenance and reproduction of ethnic inequality Interpersonal Racism racially motivated verbal and/or physical abuse Internalised Racism acceptance of negative ideologies about ones own ethnic group ani mikaere describes racism as pakeha problem extermination extermination of indigenous people by invading settlers protectionism "protecting" indigenous people from settlers by restricting their right and forcing them to hoping future generations all assimilate Assimilation the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another Extinction letting nature "take its cause"

How long, roughly, did settlers wage war against M7ori? 73 years what factors influenced the emergence of Maori activism in late 1960s and early 1970s ? "The last land grab" - stripped away more Maori land eg. if it had less than 4 owners. What themes and strategies typify each era of activism? 1980sNew wave of Maori activist organisations. More of a militant edge. The Haka party incident The Waitangi Tribunal started to address Maori issues 1990s: 10 years break in activism during rogernomics leading to high Maori unemployment and increased social disparities and thus health outcomes. 2000s Marches and annual attention to Waitangi day proceedings and mindless activism. What role did activism has played in securing rights for Maori? - Maori language reforms - Establishment of Waitangi Tribunal -Return of lands confiscated by govt - Maori issues top of agenda - Maori day/ week/ month What role have gangs played in the survival of moko? They were allowed to Moko when it wasnt popular and now it is stigmatized/ associated with crime What are the origins of Moko? Story of Niwareka and Mataora and it being a sign of relationship residing well with each other. Name and discuss one specific tool used in the ta moko process Uhi- tools used to incise the skin and rub ink into Nga rahu- ink Discuss one factor that led to the decline in mau moko?Discuss one factor that led to the decline in mau moko? Colonisation- Europeans didnt have cultural norms and saw Maori and savages. Participation in sociity eg Maori women with Moko werent allowed to enter a church What other Maori art forms influence moko? Wood carvings and kowhaiwhai seen in Marae What is the art form called ? Moko What is wearing the art called mau moko what is the practice called? Ta Moko what factors influenced the emergence of Maori activism in late 1960s and early 1970s ? "The last land grab" - stripped away more Maori land eg. if it had less than 4 owners. What is the meaning behind the name Nga Tamatoa? Young warriors - 28th Maori battalion

Kaumatua have dominion over Whanau Rangatira have dominion over Iwi/Hapu Tohunga have dominion over Iwi/ Hapu/ Whanau Ariki have dominion over Iwi/ waka Kaumata mandate Whakapapa Rangatira mandate Whakapapa, skills, expertise, and prowess Tohunga mandate Whakapapa, skills, and expertise Ariki mandate taita Name and discuss 2 characteristics of Maori prophetic movements Regional - only in a particular area, people were draw to them. Mandated by god- believe they were visited by archangels Micheal and Gabriel. Anti-Pakeha: losing their lands and Pakeha didn't recognise Maori as equal. Explain M. Winiata;s contention that the role of rangatira has moved to Kaumatua There was a shift in dynamics of Maori leaderships. What are some of the modern forms of Maori leadership in 2018? Traditional leaders- Rangatira moved to Kaumatua Iwi leadership is determined by democratic votes or sometimes nominations Academics eg in universities and professions eg. lawyers, doctors etc Discuss the leadership and teachings of one specific Maori prophetic movement: Who was it led by and what were their teachings/visions/ prophecies/ ministry/ theology Parihaka Led by Te Whiti o Rongomai and Tohu Kakahi Visions- Preached peace and passive resistance, separation of races. Whaea Tracey spoke of incarceration as a social construction, one enforced and upheld by society, not part of our natural environment. What does this mean for decarceration? It is also a social construction and not part of natural environment What is the prison pipeline? What role have state institutions played in Maori lives? prison pipeline: state being a parent to the state being a warden: seamless transition - seamless transition from the state institution where the state institution is your guardian- welfare system -Being a kid in a state institution is dangerous as it puts the kids at risk -State being your guardian and the seamless condition into warden system How could gang formation be seen connected to state institutions? - Gangs can give a sense of inclusion in society - Sense of belonging, family, protection, security - Conforming norms of a gang - State institutions cause people to go into gangs - The boys home was part of gang formation in the 60's Discuss some of the social costs of prison? - Families: take away the mum and put her in prison → the main family - If more people are in prison, it's a burden on tax payers

- 1 billion dollars for prison every year: financial burden - Affect social issues: families are poverty stricken when the parent leaves - If the primary figure who you rely on for financial security leaves, puts you in a poverty stricken position - Loss of potential from a person who is going to prison that contributed to the community before - Perpetuating negative stereotypes - Huge loss of potential when criminals are released also: most people won't want to hire those with a criminal record - Effect on community What is decarceration? What could be some of the practices ? Try name 2 areas we could redirect funds to or actions that could be implemented. - doesnt solve long term social problems - training the other generation so they don't end up in prison → through education, discipline etc - Money into mental health - Investment in education - Redistribution of funds How many times likely are Maori to be arrested than Pakeha 4 times How many times likely are Maori to be charged in court than Pakeha 5 times How many times likely are Maori to be sent to prison than Pakeha 8 times Which of the constitutional models have people identified to matike mai Aotearoa the independent constitutional transformation working group do they not want: Unicameral model What is the national iwi chairs forum? Focuses on cultural, environmental, social, and economical issues with Maori - Platform for Maori issues to be addressed Name two specific examples of the previous works or terms of reference matike mai drew upon to develop and implement a model for an inclusive constitution for Aotearoa Te Tiriti He Whakaputanga What is the concept and site of power in a maori world view? Concept: mana → philosophy that underpins the site of power (araki) Site: informed by your concept of power. Where you think power comes from - Very different to a western constitution because western will have a different concept and site of power Name and discuss two of the constitutional values identified by matike mai Aotearoa the independent constitutional transformation working group - be clear with answer - Tikanga: the way we ought to live, incorporating the ideals of how we should conduct ourselves in Aotearoa - Value of balance: power spheres and respect for authority/ rangatira - Value of community: fair representation and good relationships Define whiteness in relation to mainstream media

The "normal" / unnamed category everything else is measured against. Whit culture is normal and everything else is a deviation of that. Which in turn can contribute to govt policy making. Why is it important that Maori news media attract a wider audience and counteracts the mainstream media. ? There is absence of Maori stories and reality in the media. It can counteract negative stereotypes bestowed upon Maori. What impact does mainstream media representation of maori have on mainstream views of maori Internalized racism which results in negative mental health outcomes. It also creates a negative view for Maori's own self and culture and contributes to how Maori perceive themselves as. Why is the concept of 'the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi' problematic? - Combination of te tiriti and the treaty - Doesn't acknowledge sovereignty - Partnership, protection, participation = 3 principles in the treaty - Waitangi tribunal made the principles - Trying to draw common threads between two documents: Discuss giving one specific example, sue able's argument that mainstream news lacks balance because of absence of Maori voices Log and truck crash at the bridge - Told simply that logs fell and no one was hurt and there wasn't much damage. However they missed huge details as the graves that were destroyed were just seen as graves and not ancestors or family members. Thus Maori reality was fully blocked out What was the significance of the Prendergast ruling? Ruling said that the treaty was signed by savages so it shouldn't be recognized: that maori aren't civilized and that they can't sign This made the treaty as a Simple nullity: treaty can't be used as law because it was signed by uncivilized people What was the significance of Te Heuheu T8kino 1941? Treaty could be legally binding if it was incorporated into domestic legislation They gave maori a new target to focus on. What was the significance of the 'Lands' case? Govt established State owned enterprises In the 80's there was a drive to take state owned enterprises to private land to sell and make money - Maori said they couldn't sell off the land to private if they had claims on the state owned land originally- they could control if the private land is sold off What is the role and function of the Waitangi Tribunal? - Emerged due to Maori activism - Established by Treaty of Waitangi act 1975 - They advise on issues and made reports According to policy documents made available to the public, why did the Crown decide to settle M7ori historical treaty claims in the 1990s? - Achieve harmonious race relations - Restore the mana of the crown - Resolve historical injustices - Improve SES of Maori - Assure the public settlements are fair, full and final

According to Cabinet Minutes, why did the Crown decide to settle M7ori historical treaty claims in the 1990s? - Crown horrified by implications of Lands case and ;legislation granting Tribunal binding powers - 'Unknown contingent liability': Crown no longer had control over costs or relativities of treaty settlements - 'Parallel process': If claimants were dissatisfied with Crown settlements they could pursue settlements through the Tribunal, or both. According to Cabinet Minutes, what did the Crown hope to achieve by settling M7ori historical grievances? • In return for settling claims Crown required a 'winding back' of M7ori rights and Crown obligations: • Extinguishment of all past, present and future claims regardless of whether they had been heard or not. • Removal of jurisdiction of courts, tribunal or judicial bodies to inquire into M7ori claims now or in future. • Repeal of all M7ori rights and Crown obligations on a claim by claim basis via settlement legislation. • 'Final winding back': once claims settled Crown will amend or repeal all legislation that provides M7ori rights and Crown obligations. •' Winding back' the clock to a time when M7ori did not have rights. How did M7ori respond to the Crown's treaty claims settlement policy? - Rejected the monetary offerings - Universally rejected the fiscal envelope that was offered for all of the treaty claims - Offensive to offer such a small amount of money: smaller amount of money was offered for all the offenses than the amount of money the government spends on prison - Offensive to offer money and not land- land was taken, so land needs to be given back - Suggested developing a policy in partnership with Iwi Why was the concept of "treaty settlement" problematic? -Can't settle a treaty -Treaty is laws that you live by -If you don't want to live by the terms of the treaty, you write a new one: you don't settle it -Treaty is an agreement that you then live by What imput have treaty claims settlements had on social inequalities? •Settlement policy developed to 'encourage M7ori to move out of grievance mode and into development mode'. •Treaty claims settlements have had little impact on the everyday lives of M7ori, and indeed social inequities and disparities between M7ori and P7keha have actually increased. Why is the term "race" so problematic? It is a social construct and not science it is better to use ethnicity what is taha tinana physical health what is Maori name for North Island Te Ika A Maui or Aotearoa Maori name for South Island Te Wai Pounamu or Te waka a Maui 00:0201:14

Maori name for Chatham Islands Rekohu or Wharekauri Maori name for Stewart Island Rakiura What is the Maori name for New Zealand? There is no name for the whole of NZ because Maori did not see it as a nation, instead they saw NZ as separate islands. Why did Maori leave Hawaiki? Disputes over partners, pets, cultivations, fisheries, fruit trees, insults and threats leading to social discord. No mention of scarcity or famine: 'internal cultural imperatives'. Tikanga - Customs and traditional values, especially in a Maori context. - A vast body of knowledge, wisdom and custom relevant to each hap8 and iwi. - Only useful if it serves people. - Very flexible and context-dependent. - Derived from stories and the past. - Literally means a place to stand. Mana Spiritual power and authority from the gods to enact their will. Mana At...