Mass action law - Lecture notes 2 PDF

Title Mass action law - Lecture notes 2
Author Jess Weiss
Course Anatomy and Physiology
Institution Cosumnes River College
Pages 2
File Size 34.2 KB
File Type PDF
Total Downloads 24
Total Views 137

Summary

Study guide...


Description

Ma s sa c t i onl a w -d e s c r i b e st h ee q u i l i b r i u mc o n c e n t r a t i o no f ac h e m.Re a c t i o n oK=c o n c e n t r a t i o n so f t h efi n a l s u b s t a n c e s( =p r o d u c t )/ c o n c e n t r a t i o n so f t h es t a r t i ngs u b s t a n c e s( =r e a c t a n t )a p p l i e st oa n yr e v e r s i b l er e a c t i o nt h a t i si nas t a t eo f e q u i l i b r i u m oCa nb ei n fl u e n c e db ye x t e r n a l c o n d i t i o n s( e . g . t e mpe r a t u r e ) oI nn e u t r a l i z a t i o n , t h ep r o p e r t i e so f a na c i d&ab a s ec a n c e l e a c ho t h e ro u t -i . e . t h ep r o t o n so f t h ea c i da r e a b s o r b e db yt h eb a s e p Hv a l u e-i sl o go f t h eH+i o nc o n c e n t r a t i o n Bu ff e r sa r emi x t u r e swh i c hc a nc o l l ec t e x c e s sH+i o n s&r e l e a s et h ema g a i ni nc a s eo f d e fi c i e n c y-i . e . k e e pp H v a l u er e l a t i v e l yc o n s t a n t oCo n s i s t so f e i t h e rawe a ka c i dwi t hac o n j u g a t es t r o n gb a s eo rawe a kb a s ewi t hac o n j u g a t es t r o n ga c i d oCl o s e db u ff e rs y s t e m-c o n c en t r a t i o n so fb a s e&a c i da r ec o n s t a n t . e . g . p h o s p h a t eb u ff e r-i n o r g a n i cp h o s p h a t e sp r e s e n t i nb l o odp l a s map r e d o mi n a n t l ya sh y d r o g e np h o s p h a t ei n e q u i l i b r i u mwi t hd i h y d r o g e np h os p h a t e e . g . p r o t e i nb u ff e r-ma n yp l a s map r o t e i n s( e . g . h e mo g l o b i n )c a r r ymo r en e g a t i v et h a np o s i t i v ec h a r g e s , r e s u l t i n g i n" n "n e g a t i v ee x c e s sc h a r g e s . oOp e nb u ff e rs y s t e m-c o n c en t r a t i o n so fb a s e&a c i da r ei n d e p e n d e n t o f e a c ho t h e r , i . e . v a r yd u et oi n p u t / o ut p u t . e . g . b i c a r b o n a t eb u ff e r-c a r b o n i ca c i d&b i c a r b o n a t el e v e l sa r ea dj u s t e db yl u n g&k i d n e yf u n c t i o n( e x c e s sCO2i s e x h a l e d , b i c a r b o n a t el e v e l i sr e g u l a t e db yk i d n e y s ) Or g a n i cc omp o u n dsi nt h eh u ma nb o d y-e . g . c a r b o h y d r a t e s( =s a c c h a r i d e s ) oFo r me db ymi c r o o r g a n i s ms , p l a n t s&a n i ma l s&c a nb eo b t a i n e df r o mt h e s eo r g a n i s ms-i mpo r t a n tf o rh u man c e l l me mb r a n e s , a sar e a d i l ya v a i l a b l ee n e r g ys o u r c e&b i o l o g i c a l s i g n a l c a r r i e r( e . g . b l o o dg r o u p s ) oT o ge t h e rwi t hf a t s&p r o t e i n s , r e p r e s e n t t h eq u a n t i t a t i v e l yl a r g e s t u s a b l e( e . g . s t a r c h )&n o n u s a b l e( d i e t a r y fi b e r )p o r t i o no f f o o d . oCo n s i s t o f c a r b o n , wa t e r&o x y g e n-d e p e n d i n go nl e n g t hmo n o , d i , o l i g o -o rp o l y s a c c h a r i d e oMo n o s a c c h a r i d e s-b a s i cb u i l d i n gb l o c k so f a l l c a r b o h y d r a t e s . Ri n g s h a p e db a s i cs t r u c t u r ewi t h3( =t r i o s e s ) , 4, 5o r6Ca t o ms( =h e x o s e s )-c o n t a i na t l e a s t o n eh y d r o x y l g r o u p( OH) c o n t a i nad o u b l eb o n d edOa t o m( =c a r bo n y l g r ou p )-i f a t t h ee n d , t h e na l d e h y d eg r o u p( =a l d o s e ) ; i f i n s i d et h e s u g a r , t h e ng r o u p( =k e t o s e ) Ex . g l u c o s e , f r u c t o s e , g a l a c t o s e , r i b o s e&d e o x y r i b o s e oDi s a c c h a r i d e s-c o mb i n a t i o no f t womo n o s a c c h a r i d e s e . g . s u c r o s e( c a n eo rb e e t s u g a r ) , l a c t o s e , ma l t o s e( ma l t s u g a r ) oMu l t i p l es u g a r s-o l i go s a c c h a r i d e s Co mp o u n d so f 3 1 0mo no s a c c h a r i d e s-d e p e n d i n go nt h emo n o s a c c h a r i deu n i t st h e ya r ed i , t r i t e t r a , e t c .

Th e yc a nb eu n b r a n c h ed( =l i n e a r )o rb r a n c h e d . I nh u ma n s , t h e ya r eo f t e nb o u n dt of a t so rp r o t e i n si n / o nc e l l me mb r a n e s-d i s t i n c t i o nf r o mp o l y s a c c h a r i d e si sfl u i d oMu l t i p l es u g a r s-p o l y s a c c h a r i d e sCo mp o s e do f mo r et h a n1 0mo n o s a c c h a r i d e s-l e a d st ot h ef o r ma t i o no f ma c r o mo l e c u l e s Nu t r i t i o n a l b a s i s&s t o r a g ef o r mo f g l u c o s e( p l a n t a ss t a r c h , h u ma na sg l y c o g e n ) Ca nb eu n b r a n c h e d( e . g . a my l o s e , c e l l u l o s e )o rb r a n c h ed( e . g . a my l o p e c t i n , g l y c o ge n ) . Co mp l e xp o l y s a c c h a r i d e sc a na l s oc o nt a i nb u i l d i n gb l o c k so f o t h e rc l a s s e so f n a t u r a l p r o d u c t s( e . g . l i p i d s , p e p t i d e s , p r o t e i n s ) ....


Similar Free PDFs