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EVERY MED TEMR DEFINITION...

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Chapter1:Terminations Week1+2→Wednesday,January18th,2017  PrimarySuffixes Cannotstandaloneaswordsandcannotbedividedintosmallermeaningfulparts;indicateifwordisverbornoun. a) Verb  x-iz/e=to(dotheactionof)x =tomake(something)x b) Adjectives(masculine,feminine,neuterLatinforms)  x-al=pertainingtox(al/is,al/is,al/e)  x-ic=pertainingtox(ic/us,ic/a,ic/um)  x-ous=pertainingtox(os/us,os/a,os/um)  x-ar/y=pertainingtox(ar/is,ar/is,ar/e)  x-ar=pertainingtox(ar/is,ar/is,ar/e)  x-an=pertainingtox(an/us,an/a,an/um)  x-in/e=pertainingtox(in/us,in/a,in/um)  x-ac=pertainingtox(ac/us,ac/a,ac/um)  x-oid=resemblingx(oid/e/us,oid/e/a,oid/e/um) c) Noun  x-ia=anabnormalconditioninvolvingx  x-ist=onewho(doestheactionof)x =onewhospecialiesinx  x-in=asubstance(whichdoestheaction)ofx  x-icist=onewhospecialiesinthescienceofx  x-ologist=onewhostudiesx d) Noun(withoutparticularmeaning)  -e,-is,-ism,-s,-y  DerivedSuffixes Acompoundconsistingoftwoormoreelementswhichfunctiontogether;canbeabstract(processofsomekindis involved)orconcrete(anobject). AbstractNouns a) Diagnostic→ wordsdescribingmedicaldisorders  x-it/is=theinflammationofx  x-o/rrhex/is=therupturingofx  x-o-schis/is=thesplittingofx  x-ias/is=theabnormalpresenceofx  x-o-clas/is=thebreakingofx  x-os/is=anabnormalconditioninvolvingx  x-o-path/y=adiseaseofx  x-o-megal/y=theenlargementofx  x-o-phag/y=theingestionofx =theeatingofx  x-o-gen/es/is=theproductionofx  x-o-poi/es/is=theformationofx  x-o-kin/es/is=themovementofx  x-alg/ia=painin(volving)x  x-odyn/ia=painin(volving)x  x-o-pleg/ia=theparalysisofx  x-o-pen/ia=adeficiencyofx  x-o/rrhag/ia=therapidflowingof(somethingfrom)x  x-o-malac/ia=thesofteningofx  x-o-necr/os/is=thedeathofx

 x-o-sten/os/is=thenarrowingofx  x-o-scler/os/is=thehardeningofx  x-o/pt/os/is=thedownwarddisplacementofx  x-agr/a=goutypaininx  x-o/rrhe/a=theflowingof(somethingfrom)x  x-edema=theswellingofx  x-o-cel/e=theprotrusionof(somethingthrough)x ● x-o-lith=acalculusin(volving)x  x-o-spasm=aspasmofx  x-ism/us=aspasmofx  x-ec/top/ia=thedisplacementofx  x-ec/tas/ia=thedistentionofx  x-o-plas/ia=theformationofx  x-o-dys/plas/ia=thedefectiveformationofx  x-o-troph/y=thegrowth/nourishmentofx  x-o-dys/troph/y=thedefectivegrowthofx  x-a/troph/y=thelackofgrowthofx  x-a/sthen/ia=thelackofstrengthofx b) Therapeutic→ wordsdescribinganexaminationortreatment  x-o-therap/y=treatmentbymeansofx  x-iatr/y=thehealingofx  x-o-stas/is=thestoppingofx  x-o-plast/y=thesurgicalrepairingofx  x-o-cent/es/is=thesurgicalpuncturingofx  x-o/rrhaph/y=thesuturingofx  x-o/tom/y=thecuttingofx  x-ec/tom/y=thecuttingoutofx  x-o/stom/y=themakingofanopeninginx  x-ic/s=thescienceofx  x-o/log/y=thestudyofx  x-o-scop/y=theexaminationofx  x-o-metr/y=themeasurementofx  x-o-graph/y=therecordingofx c) Diagnostic+Therapeutic→canbeeitherdependingonthecontext  x-o-pex/y=theadhesionofx(diagnostic) =thefixationofx(therapeutic)  x-o-lys/is=thedisintegrationofx(diagnostic) =theseparationoftheadhesionsofx(therapeutic)  x-o-trop/ism=thetendencytopreferentiallyaffectx(both) ConcreteNouns Denotestheinstrumentorthedoer.  x-o-phag/e=acellwhichingestsx  x-o/tom/e=aninstrumentforcuttingx  x-ec/tom/e=aninstrumentforcuttingoutx  x-o-scop/e=aninstrumentforexaminingx  x-o-clast=somethingwhichbreaksx  x-o-stat=aninstrumentforstoppingx  x-o-gen=asubstancewhichproducesx  x-o-path=onewithadiseaseofx  x-o-graph=aninstrumentforrecordingx  x-o-gram=arecordofx  x-o-meter=aninstrumentformeasuringx 

AdjectivesWithSpecialMeaning  x-o-gen/ic=producingx  x-o-gen/ous=producedbyx  x-o-trop/ic=preferentiallyaffectingx  InflectionalEndings UsedinLatintoindicateifwordisnominativeorpossessive,singularorplural,ormasculine,feminine,orneuter. Noun  x-us=(the/a)x→masculine  x-a=(the/a)x→feminine  x-um=(the/a)x→neuter  x-on=(the/a)x→neuter  x-i=ofax  x-orum=ofx(plural)  Notes  Turningnounsintoadjectives: ○ /y→icORous ○ s/is→t/ic ○ x/yORx/is→t/ic ○ Exceptions: ■ x-edema(theswellingofx)→x-edemat/ous(pertainingtotheswellingofx) ■ x-o-spasm(aspasmofx)→x-o-spast/ic(pertainingtoaspasmofx) ■ x-ec/tas/ia(thedistentionofx)→x-ec/tat/ic(pertainingtothedistentionofx)  Combiningvowelis-o-  Addsomethinginvolvingifrequiredaccordingtocommonsensegrammer  x-icist=onewhospecialiesinthescienceofx Latin  Masculine→us  Feminine→a  Neuter→umandon  2,4,6→irregularforms    Chapter2:ExternalAnatomy Week3→Wednesday,January25th,2017  CombiningForms ● anthrop/o=humanity ● som(at)/o=body ● derm(at)/o=skin= derma/dermis ● epi/derm(at)/o=epidermis= epidermis ● cyt/o=cell ○ x-o-cyt/e=acellofx ● arthr/o=joint ● acr/o=extremities ● mel/o=limb ● cephal/o=head ● trich/o=hair ● blephar/o=eyelid ● ophthalm/o=eye ● ot/o=ear

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rhin/o=nose pros/op/o=face faci/o=face cervic/o=neck= cervix trachel/o=neck om/o=shoulder brachi/o=arm= brachium ancon/o=elbow cheir/o,chir/o=hand dactyl/o=digit onych/o=nail thorac/o=chest= thorax steth/o=chest mast/o=breast mamm/o=breast= mamma thel/e=nipple omphal/o=navel umbil(ic)/o=navel= umbilicus glute/o,glut/o=buttock gon/o,gony/o=knee pod/o=foot ped/o=foot= pes

 Notes  Firstof,theninvolving,thenand  ot/oreferstotheearwhenitappearsatthestartoftheword.Otherwise,itreferstox-osis Subordination Medicaltermsareusuallyanalyedfromrighttoleft:  micr(smallthings)-o-scop(examining)-e(aninstrumentfor)=aninstrumentforexaminingsmallthings  cyt(cells)-o-path(diseasesof)-o-genect(theproductionof)-ic(pertainingto)=pertainingtotheproduction ofdiseasesofcells Coordination Twoelementsofatermareonthesamelevelofmeaningandarejoinedbyaddingand(stilltranslatefromrightto left):  faci(face)-o-cephal(head)-algia(painin)=painintheheadandface TheCombiningVowel Abasewithaderivedsuffixmayexistaswordsontheirown:  cheir/o/arthr/it/is=theinflammationofthejointsofthehand   cheir/ arthr/it/is=thejoint-inflammationofthehands  gon/o/arthr/os/is=anabnormalconditioninvolvingthejointsoftheknee  gon/arthr/os/is=anabnormalconditioninvolvingtheknee-joint Coalescence Iftermsappeartobeimpossibletodivide,coalescencemayhaveoccurred:  somatome=aninstrumentforcuttingthebody ○ NOTsomatotomeORsomotome    Chapter3:SkeletalSystem Week4→Wednesday,February1st,2017  CombiningForms ● oste/o=bone

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○ x-ost/os/is=theossificationofx oss(e)/o=bone= os skelet/o=skeleton crani/o=skull=cranium cleid/o=collarbone clav/i/cul/o,clav(ic)/i=collarbone= clavicula acr/om/i/o=acromion=acromion corac/o,corac/oid/o=coracoidprocess humer/o=humerus=humerus cubit/o=elbow= cubitus uln/o=ulna= ulna  radi/o=radius= radius carp/o=wrist= carpus phalang/o=phalanges= phalanges scapul/o=shoulderblade= scapula rach(i)/o,rhach(i)/o=spine spin/o=spine= spina myel/o=spinalcord,bonemarrow spondyl/o=vertebra vertebr/o=vertebra= vertebra cost/o,cost/i=rib=costa stern/o=sternum=sternum xiph/o,xiph/oid/o=xiphoidprocess cox/o=hip=coxa pelv/i,pelv(i)/o=pelvis= pelvis ili/o=ilium= ilium ischi/o=ischium= ischium pub/o,pub/i=pubis= pubis sacr/o=sacrum= sacrum coccyg/o=coccyx= coccyx acetab/ul/o=acetabulum=acetabulum femor/o=femur= femur pat/ell/o=knee-cap= patella tibi/o=tibia=tibia fib/ul/o=fibula= fibula tars/o=tarsus= tarsus calcane/o=calcaneus=calcaneus tal/o=talus= talus astragal/o=talus=astragalus

 Connectors ● chondr/o=cartilage  ● cartilage(in)/o=cartilage=cartilago ● my/o,my/os/o=muscle ● mus/cul/o=muscle=musculus ● ten/o,tenon(t)/o=tendon ● tend/o,tendin/o=tendon= tendo ● desm/o=ligament ● syn/desm/o,syn/desm/os/o=ligament=syndesmosis ● ligament/o=ligament= ligamentum ● apo/neur/o,apo/neur/os/o=aponeurosis= aponeurosis ● achill/o=Achillestendon 

Notes IntrusiveLetters  Occasionallyanewillcomeafteracorgandbeforeavowel=glut/e/alORcoccyg/e/al CommonSense  Fairlycommonpatternswhereadditionalwordsmustbeaddedoutofcommonsense: ○ dermoidectomy=thecuttingoutofsomethingresemblingtheskin ○ craniectomy=thecuttingoutofpartoftheskull ○ rhinonecrosis=thedeathofthetissuesofthenose ○ pelvicephalometry=themeasurementoftheheadofafetusandthepelvis ofapregnantwoman ○ tarsotarsal=pertainingtotwopartsofthetartus  iwilloccasionallybeusedasacombiningvowel MasculineSingularNominatives(Latin)  Mostmasculinesingularnounsareformedbyaddingus  Masculinesingularadjectiveendingsterminatewithusoris    Chapter4:NervousSystem,Eye,andEar Week4→Wednesday,February1st,2017  CombiningForms NervousSystem ● en/cephal/o=brain=encephalon ● cerebr/o=brain= cerebrum ● cereb/ell/o=cerebellum= cerebellum ● membran/o=membrane= membrana ● mening/o=meninges= meninx ● ep/en/dym/o=ependyma= ependyma ● neur/o=nerve ● nerv/i=nerve= nervus ● gangli(on)/o=ganglion=ganglion ● neuron/o=nervecell ● (neur/o)gli/o=neuroglia= neuroglia ● rad/i/cul/o=radicle= radicula ● sym/path(et)/o,sym/path/ic/o=sympatheticnerves ● vag/o=vagusnerve TheEye ● ophthalm/o=eye ● opt(ic)/o=eye ● ocul/o=eye=oculus ● cor/e,cor(e)/o=pupil ● pup/ill/o=pupil= pupilla ● ker(at)/o=cornea ● corne/o=cornea= cornea ● scler/o=sclera= sclera ● retin/o=retina=retina ● uve/o=uvea=uvea ● ir(id)/o=iris= iris ● cycl/o=ciliarybody ● cili/o,cili/ar/o=ciliarybody ● chor/oid/o,chori/o=choroid ● con/junct/iv/o=conjunctiva=conjunctiva ● canth/o=canthus=canthus

● phac/o=lens ● dacry/o=tear ● lacrim/o=tear ● dacry/o/cyst/o=tearsac TheEar ● tympan/o=middleear=tympanum  ● malle/o=hammer=malleus ● incud/o=anvil= incus ● sta/ped(i)/o=stirrup=stapes ● myring/o=tympanicmembrane=myrinx  Notes CommonSense  rhin/encephal/on=thepartofthebrainpertainingtothenose  ot/o/crani/um=thepartoftheskullpertainingtotheear  ot/o/gangli/on=aganglionoftheear FeminineSingularNominatives(Latin)  Mostfemininesingularnounsareformedbyaddinga  Femininesingularadjectiveendingsareaandis    Chapter5:CirculatoryandLymphaticSystems,Glands Week5→Wednesday,February8th,2017  CombiningForms CardiovascularSystem ● hem(at)/o=blood ● x-(h)em/ia=theabnormalpresenceofbloodinx ● sangu/in/o,sangu/i=blood ● hem/o/glob/in/o=hemoglobin ● plasm(at)/o,plasm/a=plasma ● thromb/o=clot=thrombus ● thromb/o/cyt/o=bloodplatelet ● sphygm/o=pulse ● card(i)/o=heart ● aort/o,aort/ic/o=aorta=aorta ● valv(ul)/o=valve= valv(ul)a ● ventr/i/cul/o=ventricle= ventriculus ● peri/card(i)/o=pericardium= pericardium ● my/o/card(i)/o=myocardium=myocardium ● angi/o(angei-)=vessel ● vas/o,vas/cul/o=vessel= vas ● arter(i)/o=artery=arteria ● phleb/o=vein ● ven/o=vein=vena ● cap/ill/ar/o=capillary ● varic/o=varix=varix ● cirs/o=varix LymphaticSystem ● lymph/o,lymphat/o=lymph=lympha  ● lymph/angi/o=lymphvessel ● lymph/aden/o=lymphnode=lymphaden

● splen/o=spleen ● lien/o=spleen= lien Glands ● (endo)crin/o=secretion ● hormon/o=hormone ● aden/o=gland ● gland/ul/o=gland=glandula ● pine/al/o=pinealgland ● hypo/phys(e)/o=pituitarygland=hypophysis ● par/ot(id)/o=parotidgland ● thyr(oid)/o=thyroidgland ● para/thyr/o,para/thyr/oid/o=parathyroidgland ● thym/o=thymus=thymus ● ad/ren/o,ad/ren/al/o=adrenalgland ● supra/ren/o,supra/ren/al/o=adrenalgland ● insul/o=isletsofLangerhans=isulae ● gonad/o=gonad  Notes Substances WhereSisasubstance  S-o-cele=theprotrusionofsomething,involvingS  S-o-x-o-cele=theprotrusionof(somethingthrough)x,involvingS WhereSisasubstance,Nisanominativeending  S-o-x-N=acollectionofSinx Glands WhereGisagland  G-ism=aconditioncausedbythemalfunctionofG Whenbasedenotingaglandisfollowedbyaterminationwithaverbalideainit,thewordusuallyreferstoasecretion fromtheglandinquestion  thyropenia=adeficiencyofsecretionfromthethyroidgland  adrenostatic=pertainingtothestoppingofsecretionsfromtheadrenalgland CommonSense  x-(h)em/ia=theabnormalpresenceofbloodinx(wherebloodcanbeinx) =theabnormalpresenceofxintheblood(wherebloodcannotbeinx)  rhinodacryolith=acalculusinvolvingtears,inthenose  hemolysoid=resemblingsomethingwhichdisintegratesblood  thrombocythemia=apresenceofanabnormal number ofplateletsintheblood  x-o--ostomy=themakingofanopeningbetweenandx NeuterSingularNominatives(Latin)  Mostneutersingularnounsareformedbyadding-um  Neutersingularadjectiveendingsare-umand-e     Chapter6:RespiratorySystem,PluralsandDiminutives Week5→Wednesday,February8th,2017  CombiningForms RespiratorySystem ● nas/o=nose= nasus ● sin(us)/o=sinus=sinus

● sept/o=septum= septum ● antr/o=antrum=antrum ● pharyng/o=pharynx= pharynx ● nas/o/pharyng/o,rhin/o/pharyng/o=nasopharynx=nasopharynx ● epi/glott(id)/o=epiglottis=epiglottis ● laryng/o=larynx=larynx ● trach/e/o=trachea= trachea ● bronch/o,bronch/i=bronchus= bronchus ● pne/um(on)/o=lung;air ● pulm(on)/o=lung=pulmo ● pleur/o=pleura= pleura ● phren/o=diaphragm ● dia/phragm(at)/o=diaphragm= diaphragma ● medi/ast/in/o=mediastinum=mediastinum ● spir/o=breathing ● pne/o=breathing ● pne/um(at)/o=air;lung NominativePlurals  x-i=masculine  x-ae=feminine   x-a=neuter  x-es=masculine/feminine  x-ia=neuter Diminutives masculine

feminine

neuter

x-ul/us

x-ul/a

x-ul/um

x(i)-cul/us

x(i)-cul/a

x(i)-cul/um

x-ell/us

x-ell/a

x-ell/um

x-ill/us

x-ill/a

x-ill/um

x-ol/us

x-ol/a

x-ol/um

meaning

alittlex

 Notes  pne/um(on)/ousuallyalwaysmeanslunginsteadofair  pne/um(at)/ousuallyalwaysmeansairinsteadoflung SummaryofLatin





Nouns

Adjective(-c,-n)

Adjective(-l,-r)

singular

musculus

cardiacus

cervicalis

plural

musculi

cardiaci

cervicales

singular

vena

cardiaca

cervicalis

plural

venae

cardiacae

cervicales

singular

ligamentum(on)

cardiacum

cervicale

plural

ligamenta

cardiaca

cervicalia

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter 

 Chapter7:Oral-DentalSystems Week8→Wednesday,March1st,2017  CombiningForms Oral ● gnath/o=jaw ● max/ill/o=upperjaw= maxilla ● mand/i/bul/o=lowerjaw=mandibula ● geni/o=chin ● ment/o=chin=mentum ● stom(at)/o=mouth=stoma ● or/o=mouth= os ● cheil/o=lip ● labi/o=lip= labium ● bucc/o=cheek= bucca ● gloss/o=tongue=glossa ● lingu/o=tongue=lingua ● palat/o=palate=palatum ● uran(isc)/o=palate ● uv/ul/o=uvula=uvula ● cion/o=uvula ● staphyl/o=uvula Dental ● odont/o=tooth ● dent/o,dent/i=tooth=dens ● peri/odont/o=periodontium= periodontium ● gingiv/o=gums= gingivae ● ul/o=gums ● dent/in/o=dentin=dentinum  ● (en)amel/o=enamel= enamelum ● a/damant(in)/o=enamel ● pulp/o=pulp= pulpa ● cement/o=cementum=cementum   Notes NominativeIrregularities:  Forstoma,pluralisstomata  Foros,pluralisora  Fordens,pluralisdentes     Chapter8:BonesoftheHead+MoreTerminations Week8→Wednesday,March1st,2017  CombiningForms ● front/o=frontalbone= osfrontale ● pareit/o=parietalbone= osparietale ● oc/cipit/o=occiput=osoccipitale ● atl(ant)/o=atlas= atlas ● tempor/o=temporalbone= ostemporale

● mast(oid)/o=mastoidprocess= osmastoideum ● styl/o,styl/oid/o=styloidprocess ● petr/o,petr/os/o=petrouspartofthetemporalbone ● squam/o,squam/os/o=squamouspartofthetemporalbone ● sphen/o,sphen/oid=sphenoidbone= ossphenoidale ● zygomat(ic)/o=ygomaticbone=osygomaticum ● ethm(oid)/o=ethmoidbone=osethmoidale ● lacrim/o=lacrimalbone= oslacrimale ● nas/o=nasalbone=osnasale ● max/ill/o=maxilla= maxilla ● mand/i/bul/o=mandible= mandibula ● sut/ur/-=suture=sutura ● hy/o=hyoidbone= oshyoideum Terminations Diagnostic  x-aux/is,x-aux/e=theenlargementofx  x-o-cirrh/os/is=thehardeningofx  x-o-cleis/is,x-o-k  leis/is=theclosureofx  x-(h)elc/os/is=theulcerationofx  x-i-fer/ous=bearingx  x-o-tox/ic/os/is=thepoisoningofx  x-o-tox/ic=poisono...