Medieval French History - Early 1300s PDF

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Summary

Covers the early 1300s in France. Mainly the succession crisis/outbreak of Hundred Years War. From Spring 2017....

Description

History FINAL FRIDAY!!! 

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Crisis in the papacy o Boniface elected because he was old – thought they would be able to figure it out later o Still couldn’t agree on a pope  He was very unpopular  Only elected because some cardinals went home  He was a French citizen – when his life was in danger retreated to Avignon in southern France  Surrounded by French territory but independent  Leads to situation of having a pope in Avignon and a pope in Rome Many Templars burnt at the stake Some Templars take back their confessions o Philip angry o Says that relapsed heretic can be burned without trial o Say they will call Philip to trial in heaven within the year Philip does die within a year Philip has three sons and one daughter o Theoretically succession should be clear Dies in 1314 – all sons dead by 1328 o One left pregnant wife – baby boy died Now we have a succession issue Other kingdoms have worked out rules and precedents for what to do if there is no heir o French don’t have one o Already have a papal leadership crisis Getting to the point that population is growing more than food supply can support Also we have a warming period ending – now we have a mini Ice Age o This disrupts agriculture – particularly in the north  Crops were failing Philip III (d. 1285) Philip IV

3 sons

Charles Count of Valois

Isabella m. Edward II of England Edward III

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Edward III thinks he should be king – but French don’t want an English person to be king of France o Send this to Parliament of Paris  Look back really far  Salic Franks say no woman can inherit So they go to Charles’ side of the family

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o Philip VI – grandson of Charles o First Valois king of France o Rules 1328-1350 o Edward’s not going to give up This is the outbreak of Hundred Years War o Long term feudal tensions between English and French  Ever since William the Conqueror takes England  French nobles want sovereignty without intermediaries – particular the English  English want to keep what they can in France by customary law  Also economic tensions – centered on Flanders  Possibly wealthiest small area in Europe  Wants to keep its full feudal rights and ties with England who they’ve been trading with  Both sides filing complaints about piracy in the English Channel  Both sides were probably absolutely correct o Moving toward territorial state  They want that  But this is a very new idea – not fully formulated  Won’t fully work out the vocabulary for this until around the 18th century o With failure of Capetian line, this sort of cold war becomes a hot war Edward III invades France o Brings military techniques that were new to the France  Because of their conquering of Wales  Longbow – need tremendous upper strength to do that  Would shoot the horses out from underneath the people  This longbow technique meant the English won all the early battles  Crecy and Poitiers  Once they win – they have to hold the territories  English don’t have enough people to maintain this  Creates sort of one step forward – two steps back Many people didn’t care who was king as long as there was peace o Clamor for peace leads to treaty of peace o English get Callais, sovereignty in Gascony and ransom for King John the Good...