Mens Rea Lectures 1/2 PDF

Title Mens Rea Lectures 1/2
Course Criminal Law
Institution Lancaster University
Pages 3
File Size 54.5 KB
File Type PDF
Total Downloads 58
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Summary

Mens rea 'guilty mind' notes. ...


Description

Re c k l e s s n e s s Ke yc a s e s-RVCun n i n g h a m( 1 9 57 ) RVCa l d we l l( 1 9 8 2) RVG( 20 0 3 ) Fo rDt ob er e c kl e s st h eDmus th a v ef o r e s e e nt h er i s kb utc o n t i n u e da n y h o w. Th ec u r r e n tt e s tf o rr e c k l e s s n e s si so u ti nt h el a t t e rc a s eo fRVCun n i n g h a ma n dwa s r e i n s t a t e di nRVG( 2 00 3 )wh i l es c r a p pe dt h eCa l d we l lt e s to fr e c k l e s s ne s s . Th eCu nn i n g h a mT e s t I )a s ksi ft h eDf o r e s a wt h er i s ka n dc h o s et ot a k ei ta n y wa y ? I I )a s k si ft h er i s kt a k e nb yDwa saj u s t i fia b l eo net ot a k e ? Th eCu nn i n g h a mt e s twa sa p p l i e di nt h ec a s eo fRVSt e ph e ns o n( 1 9 7 9)wh e r eDwa s me n t a l l yi l la ndc a u s e dc r i mi n a lda ma g eb ya r s o nt oaha ys t a c ka n ds h e dwh i c hc o n t a i n e d £ 3 5, 0 00 ’ swo r t ho ff a r mi n ge qu i p me n t . He r et h eCOAq ua s h e dt h ec o n v i c t i o na sb e c a u s eo f h i si l l n e s sh ec o ul dno th a v ef o r e s e e nt h er i s ks oh ewa sn o ts ub j e c t i v e l yr e c kl e s s .Th i swa sa s u b j e c t i v et e s t . Th i si sas u b j e c t i v et e s twh i c hf oc u s e so nt h eD’ ss t a t eo fmi n da n dt h es i z eo ft h er i s ki s i r r e l e v a nt( RvBr a dy20 0 6 ) . I nt h ec a s eo fRVBr a d yt heDa p p e a l e dt h ec o n v i c t i o nb u tt h ec o n v i c t i o nwa su p h e l da st h e r i s kwa sf o r e s e e na n dt h i si sa l lt h a ti ss u ffic i e n t . RVPa r k e r( 1 9 77 )s e to u tt h a to n l ys o mef o r e s i g h to ft h er i s ki sr e q u i r e dn oma t t e rh o w fle e t i n gi ti s . I nt h i sc a s eDc a u s e dc r i mi n a ld a ma g ea n dDs a i dt ha th ewa ss oa n g r yt h a th ed i dn o tf o r e s e e ar i s kh o we v e r , t h ec o ur tu p h e l dt h ec on vi c t i o no nt h eba s i st h a thec o u l ds e ef o r e s e es o me f o r e s i g h to fr i s k . Th es e c o n dt e s ta s ksi ft h er i s kt a k e nb yDwa saj u s t i fia b l eon et ot a k ea n dt h i swi l la s ki ft h e r e a s on a b l ep e r s onwo u l dh a v ea c t e dt os i mi l a rs t a n da r d si ns i mi l a rc i r c u ms t a n c e s . Th eCa l d we l lT e s t Ho we v e r ,t h eCa l d we l lt e s ti sa no b j e c t i v eo nea n dh a sn o wb e e na b o l i s h e di nt h el a t t e rc a s eo f RVG( a r s o nc a u s e db ymi n o r s ) Th eCa l d we l lt e s ts t a t e st h a tap e r s o ni sr e c k l e s swh e r e … Hed o e sa na c twh i c hc r e a t e sa no b v i o u sr i s k Whe nh ed o e sa na c th eh a sn otgi v e na n yt ho u g h tt ot h ep o s s i b i l i t yo ft h e r ebe i n gs u c har i s k ( ob j e c t i v ee l e me n t , Dmus th a v eu n r e a s on a b l yc o n t i n ue dt or u nt h er i s k )

Ass e e ni nRVEl l i o t( 1 9 9 3)we r ea1 4y e a ro l dg i r lwi t hl e a r ni n gd i ffic u l t i e sc a us e dafir et oa s h e da n dwa sc o n v i c t e d .Th ec o u r ts t a t e dt h a tt h eCa l d we l lt e s twa sa p p l i c a b l ea n dt h u s s u b j e c t i v ee l e me n t ss uc ha sa g ea n dme n t a lc a p a bi l i t i e sc o u l dn o tb et a k e ni n t oa c c o un t . Ne g l i g e n c e Ne g l i g e nc ei sr e f e r r e dt oa sb e h a v i o u rt h a td r op sbe l o wt h es t a n d a r d so ft her e a s o n a b l ep e r s o n a n dt h i sa s s ume st h a tDi sa wa r eo ft h er i s k s . Th et e s tf o rn e g l i g e n c ea s k s … i )Wh a twa sD’ sd u t yo fc a r e ? i i )Di dDb r e a c ht h a td ut yo fc a r e ?( Pr o s e c u t i o nmus tp r o v et h a tt h ec o n d uc twa sb e l o wt h e s t a n d a r d so ft h er e a s on a b l ep e r s o n ) As t a n d a r do fc a r ei sn o tt h es a mea sa no mi s s i o nbu taDwhodo e sh a v eaDOCwi l lb eh e l d t ot h es t a n d a r do ft h er e a s o n a b l ep e r s o n . Whe r eDi sp e r f o r mi n gas ki l l e da c t i v i t yDwi l lb ej u d g e da g a i n s tt h es t a n d a r do ft he r e a s on a b l ep e r s onwi t ht h a ts p e c i a l i s ts ki l l . Th i sma yno tt a k ei n t oa c c o u n tc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s wh i c hma yl e a dt oa ni n a b i l i t yt ome e tt h es t a nd a r d .E. G.Al e a r ne rd r i v e rwi l lb eh e l dt ot he s t a n d a r d so ft h er e a s on a b l eq u a l i fie dd r i v e r , t h ef a c tt h a thei sal e a r n e rwi l ln o tb et a k e ni nt o a c c o u nt . Gr o s sn e g l i g e n c ei so n l ya p p l i c a b l ei nc r i mi n a ll a w, a n di swh e nt h en e g l i g e n c ei ss ob a dt h a t i tj u s t i fie sac r i mi na lc o n v i c t i o n .Th i sc a nb es e e ni nt h ec a s eo fRVAda ma k o( 1 99 5 )wh i c h s e to u tt h a t‘ av e r yhi g hd e gr e eo fn e g l i g e n c ei sr e qu i r e db e f o r eg r o s sn e g l i g e n c ei s e s t a bl i s he d ’ . Di s ho n e s t y Th eme n sr e aofd i s h o n e s t ywa ss e to u ti nt h el a t t e rc a s eofRVGh o s h( 1 9 8 2 )a n da s ksi f wh a twa sd o n ewa sd i s h o n e s ta c c o r d i n gt ot h eo r di n a r ys t a nd a r d so fr e a s on a bl ea n dho n e s t p e o p l e ? I ft h ea n s we ri sy e st he n … Di dDr e a l i s ewh a tr e a s o na bl ea n dh o ne s tp e o pl er e g a r da s d i s h o ne s t ? I ft h ea n s we ri sy e st he nDi sd i s h on e s t . Bot hp a r t so ft h i st e s tmu s tb es a t i s fie df o rDt ob ef o u nda sd i s h o n e s t . Th e2 n dl i mboft h eGh o s ht e s tho l d st h epo t e nt i a lt ob ea b o l i s h e da ss e to u ti nt h e2 0 1 7c a s e o fI v e yVGe nt i n gCa s i n o sUKLTD( 2 0 1 7 ) Th ep r i ma r yr e a s o nf o rt h i si sa s …’ t h ep r i n c i pl eo b j e c t i o nt ot he2 n dl e goft h eGh o s ht e s ti s t h a tt h el e s st h eD’ ss t a n d a r d sc o n f o r mt owh a ts o c i e t ye x p e c t st he nt h el e s sl i k e l yh ei st ob e h e l dc r i mi n a l l yr e s p o n s i b l ef orh i sb e ha v i ou r . ’ T r a n s f e r r e dMa l i c e

Th i sa l s ot r a n s l a t e st ot r a n s f e r r e dme n sr e a . At t o r n e yGe ne r a lRe f e r e nc eN0 3( 1 9 9 4)-He r eDs t a bb e dh i sp r e g n a n tg i r l f r i e n da n da sa r e s u l th i sgi r l f r i e n dwe n ti n t ol a b ou re a r l ya n dt h ec h i l dd i e df r o mt h ewo u n d . Th ec o u r t sh e l d h e r en o to n l yt h a tab a b yh a st ob es e l fs e r v i n gi no r d e rt ob emur d e r e dbu tt h a tma l i c ec a n o n l ybet r a ns f e r r e df r o mo net h i n g / p e r s o na n dt h a tad o u b l et r a n s f e ri sn o tp os s i b l e . Th eHOL s t i l lf o un dh i mg u i l t yo fma n s l a ug h t e ra sf o rma n s l a u g h t e rt h e r en e e dben oi n t e n tt oi n j u r ea s p e c i ficp e r s o n . Ma l i c ec a no nl yb et r a n s f e r r e dwh e r ei tr e l a t e st ot h es a mec r i mea sh e rAR. Fo re x a mp l e , ma l i c ef orap r o pe r t yo ffe n c ec a nno tb et r a ns f e r r e dt ot h a to fap e o p l eo ffe nc e . S t r i c tLi a bi l i t yOffe n c e s St r i c tl i a b i l i t yo ffe n c e sdon o tr e q u i r eme n sr e aa ndon l yr e q ui r ep r o o ft h a tt h eDp e r f o r me d t h ep r o h i b i t e dc o n d u c t . Th e s ea r ek n o wna sr e g u l a t o r yo ffe n c e st h a ta r emo s tc ommo nl yu s e d t or e g u l a t eb e ha v i o u r . RVK( 2 0 02 )-Se to u tt h a tt h e r ei sap r e s u mp t i o ni nf a v o u ro fme n sr e au n l e s st h e r ei s … i )wo r d i n gi nt h eo ffe n c e / s t a t uet h a ti n d i c a t e ss t r i c tl i a b i l i t y i i )Th e r ei sc o mp e l l i n gc l e a ri n f e r e nc ei ti saSLo ffe n c e...


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