Microbiology Unit 1 HW PDF

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Microbiology

Name: Frankline Olum

Unit 1 Homework

Date: 06/15/2021

Label the following structures on the diagram of the prokaryotic cell (1pt each) Inclusion

plasmid

capsule

cell wall

fimbriae

nucleoid

flagella

Inclusion

Nucleoid

Fimbriae

Capsule

Plasmid

Cell wall

Flagella

Short Answer: Answer each of the following questions in complete sentences; that means punctuation and capitalization. (3pts each) 1.

Compare, with advantages and disadvantages, sexual and asexual reproduction.

Sexual Reproduction Advantages a) Produces genetic variation in the offspring. b) The species can adopt to new environment. c) A disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population. Disadvantages a) Time and energy are neede to find a sexual/mating partner. b) It’s not possible for an isolated individual to reproduce. Asexual Reproduction Advantages a) When the conditions are favorable, the population can increase rapidly. b) Only one parent is needed. c) Its more time and energy efficient as you don’t waste your valuable time looking for a mating partner. d) Its faster than sexual reproduction Disadvantages a) No genetic variation in a population b) The offspring/species may only be suited to one habitat. c) Disease may affect and wipe all the individual in a population.

2. What is the importance of the phospholipid bilayer to cells? Where is it in prokaryotic cells?

Its form part of the principal component of a plasma membrane which protects the intracellular components from the extracellular environment. The phospholipids bilayers have its head hydrophilic and tail hydrophobic giving the Plasma membrane a distinct feature of semipermeability. The Phospholipids bilayers is found in the plasma membrane.

3. Flagella can be stimulated to create movement in two main ways. Explain the two different types of stimulation.



Monotrichous-A single flagellum at one end or the other. These are known as polar flagellum and can rotate clockwise and anti-clockwise. The clockwise movement moves the organism forward while the anti-clockwise movement pulls it backwards.

 

Peritrichous-Several flagella attached all over the organism. These are not polar flagella because they are found all over the organism. These flagella rotate anti-clockwise and form a bundle that moves the organism in one direction. If some of the flagella break and start rotating clockwise, the organism does not move in any direction and begins tumbling.

4. Explain how you think the material that you will learn in this class will relate to your daily life. Be specific!

By analyzing micro-organism in microbiology, it will help me learn more about disease causing pathogens, how they reproduce, their life cycle and what type of diseases and infections they carry. This knowledge will better inform me on how I carry myself around especially in prevention, care and treatment of disease caused by these microorganisms.

Fill in the blank with the appropriate word or phrase (1 pt each).

5. Bacteria generally reproduce by a process called Binary Fission into two equal daughter cells.

6. Bacteria usually exist in nature not as single cells but as aggregations of cells called a(n) Biofilm.

7. A _Capsule can be found on the outside of bacteria and helps them form biofilms.

8. The Cell Wall of bacteria are responsible for the difference in gram stain reactions.

9. Mannitol Salt Agar is a selective and differential medium that prevents the growth of most bacteria.

10. Capsules protect pathogenic bacteria from Phagocytosis, a process by which protective host cells engulf and destroy microorganisms.

11. The term Hypotonic means a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside.

12. Bacteria normally reproduce asexually, but using Conjugation, Transformation, and transduction they can share genetic information with other bacteria.

13. Fungi use Spores for reproduction, but bacteria use endospore as type of rest in adverse condition.

List the 3 shapes of bacteria and give 2 examples of species of each shape (2pts each) 14. Coccus e.g Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes

15. Bacillus e.g Streptobacillus and coccobacillus

16. Spiral e.g Vibro cholerae and Spirochete Treponema pallidum

Matching (1pt each)

__d___14. Prokaryotes

a. Protozoa

___e__15. Noncellular; reproduce only inside cells of host

b. Prions

__f___16. Helminths

c. Fungi

__c___17. Yeasts

d. Bacteria

__b___18. An infectious protein __a___19. Unicellular eukaryotic microbes

e. Viruses f. Multicellular animal parasites...