Midterm Review Music PDF

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Summary

Music questions about the life of music and the readers and how the people made music available....

Description

Vocabulary:

WEEK 1: 1. A melodic line that moves by small intervals is called: -

Conjunct

2. The term referring to the overall shape of a melody is called: -

Contour

3. The basic unit of rhythm is the: -

Beat

4. The element that propels music forward in time is: -

Rhythm

5. In plainchant from the Middle Ages, if there are many notes per syllable, the style is called -

Melismatic

6. The musical attributes of plainchant include all the following: -

Monophonic texture

-

Free-flowing vocal lone

-

Sung a cappella

-

Not in a major key

7. Composers from the CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME in Paris were at the forefront of musical composition 8. The earliest polyphonic music is called: Organum 9. Who was the driving force behind the collection and standardization of chants in the Medieval era? -

Pope Gregory

10. Which answers apply to troubadours? -

They generally sing a cappella or accompanied by a stringed instrument

-

They often sing songs on the topic of courtly love

-

They were high-ranking musicians

-

The DID NOT travel and perform for many courts

11. MONOPHONY is a type of musical texture that consists of a single melody lone with no harmony or accompaniment. 12. POLYPHONY is a type of musical texture that consist of two or more melodic lines occurring simultaneously. 13. HOMOPHONY occurs when one melodic voice is prominent over the accompanying harmony. 14. The School of Notre Dame was known for: Rhythmic notation

15. Describe the concept of courtly love that was often used in troubadour songs. Who were the main characters and what was their standing in society? -

The concept of courtly love that was often used in troubadour songs are usually about sexual desire of a man for a woman but not the desire of sex itself. The main character would be the person singing which would be the troubadour who would be of lower status and works for a higher status person and a wife or a women of the person they worked for who is a higher status, and he sings about their love or his love for her.

16. A homorhythmic texture is one in which all of the lines move in the same rhythm. 17.

A texture in which all words are clearly sung together in the same rhythm is

called: Homorhythm 18. In Western music, an octave is divided into twelve half steps. 19. The distance between the first and last note of a scale is called an octave, Most Western music is based on major or minor scales., 20. Melody is the horizontal dimension in music, while harmony adds vertical perspective. 21. TONIC is the first and central note of a scale.Each note of a scale has a special name, called a scale degree. The first (and last) note is called the tonic. The fifth note is called the dominant. The fourth note is called the subdominant. 22. . The principle of organization around a central note is called TONALITY. 23. SCALE describes a collection of pitches arranged in ascending and descending order. 24. CHORD is produced by three or more tones sounded together. 25. DISSONANT describes a combination of tones that sounds discordant or in need of resolution. 26. THE TRIAD consists of THREE pitches built on ALTERNATE notes of the scale and is the most common type CHORD in Western music. 27. Composers use the WORD-PAINTING technique to emphasize the meaning of the text through music. 28. Secular music is often sung in the language of the people singing it. 29. VERNACULAR refers to the language of the people. 30. SYLLABIC is a sing in which each syllable of text receives one note.

Week 4:

1. Handel found great success living and working in: -

London, England

2. How is the oratorio similar to opera? -

-

They both feature arias, recitatives, and choruses

Fugue; contrapuntal composition in which a single theme pervades the entire fabric, entering in one voice (or instrumental line) and then in another.

-

Countersubject- a different theme heard against the subject or new material

Organ and harpsichord were the main keyboard instrument of the Baroque era

Genre

Examples from Class

Plainchant (“Gregorian” chant)

Hildegard von Bingen: Alleluia, O virga mediatrix

Troubadour song

Bernart de Ventadorn: “Can vei la lauzeta”

Instrumentation

voices

Texture and/or Form

Country of Origin

Monophony (melismatic)

Germany

Sacred / Secular sacred

Historical Context

Monophony/ homophonic

France

secular

Medieval Courtly love

The composers from Notre Dame were at the forefront of musical composition, earliest polyphonic music is called organum, known for their rhythmic notation, rhythmic modes Renaissance, reformation, protestant church

Medieval Early known composer

Voice (instrument)

Organum

Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo

voices

Polyphony with some monophony

Paris, France

sacred

Chorale

Luther: “A Mighty Fortress is our God”

voices

Homophony; Homo-rhythmic

Germany

sacred

Motet-

Josquin: Ave

Voices

Polyphony

Franco-

Sacred

Renaissance

sacred vocal piece

Maria

A cappella

(imitative points) with homophony

Flemish (work in Italy)

Mass (ordinary)

Palestrina: “Gloria” from Pope Marcellus Mass

Voices A cappella

Polyphony(clearer) With some homophony

Italy

Sacred

Renaissance CounterReformation

Song

Strozzi: Amor dormiglione

Voice Instrument

Homophony De Capo Aria (ABAB) (Monody)- a voice a compony by instrument

Italy

Secular

French Overture

Lully: Overture from Armide

Orchestra No voices

France

secular

Baroque ballet

Ballet de la Nuit at the court of King Louis XIV (multiple composers) - Sun King

N/A

Homophony Form: French Overture 1.---slow (doubledotted rhythm) 2.--- Fast (fugue) (polyphonic) N/A

Baroque Academies(male) Love Basso Continuocombo of bass line combination with string instrument Baroque Opera often paired with ballet

France

secular

Baroque Political power of music/dance

Opera seria

Handel: Guilio Cesare

Voices orchestra

Da Capo Aria: ABA

German, writing Itallian Opera, and Worked in England Germany

Secular

Baroque Opera: alternates Recitative & Aria Oratorio: like opera but no stages, custumes, religious themes

secular

Baroque Learned vs Galant Learned- complex Galant- fugue more elegant

Italy

Secular

Baroque

Second A to show off skill

Fugue

Concerto

Bach: Contrapunctus I from The Art of Fugue

Keyboard: Organ Harpsichord

Vivaldi: “Spring” From the Four Seasons

Solo w/ Orchestra

Fugue: Polyphonic Imitative; subject answer

Ritornello Form

Points of imitation

Opera buffa

Pergolesi: La serva Padrona

Homophony Vocal/ Orchestra

Erlking, Franx Schubert romantic era 4 character; narrator, dad, boy, erl king Genre: Lied or an art song Beethoven S symphony Romantic era Sonata form; exposition form Short short short long into cyclical all four movement of recurring theme The rite of spring, Igor Stravinsky Primitivism Riot and things thorn on the stage Modern era Palestrina , allegri Misserere Renaissance era Accapella Polyphonic Counter Reformation Amor dominglion Barbara strozzi Baroque era De capo aria, Would perform at the male academy Basso Continuum Debussy, afternoon of a Faun Symbolism Programatic Romanticism- Modern era Gotterdammerung final, Wagner Romantic era Genre: Leitmotifs, Focused on alliteration, used Gesamtkenstwerk- all medium are equal Eliminates: aria and recitative structures Brahms; symphony no.1 fourth movement Romantic era Absolute music Combined development and recapitulation

Italy

Secular

Baroque Comedic opera Intermezzi/o...