Mitosis and Meiosis Review Key PDF

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For Biology, about mitosis and meiosis....

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Name _____________________________ Date_____________ Hour ____________

Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide Write the definitions for the following vocabulary words: 1. Sexual Reproduction-the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes) 2. Sperm The male sex cell 3. Egg - The female sex cell 4. Fertilization - the fusion of male and female sex cells (gametes) to form a zygote. 5. Zygote - a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes (sperm and egg) 6. Diploid - a cell or nucleus containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. 7. Haploid- a cell or nucleus that has a single set of unpaired chromosomes 8. Meiosis - a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. 9. Where do new cells come from? __________________________________________________ Existing Cells 10.

Repair, Why does the bodyReplacement, constantly make newGrowth cells?

_______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why must each new cell get a complete copy of the original cell’s DNA? ___________________________________________________________________________ If they didn’t get the exact DNA instructions and it would cause a mutation. (Not function properly) ___________________________________________________________________________ 12. The original cell that divides is called the mother cell, while the two, new identical cells are called ______________ cells. Daughter 13.

What is asexual reproduction?

___________________________________________________________________________ Asexual reproduction- when an offspring is produced by one parent. 14.

Give two examples of asexual reproduction. 1) __________________________________________ Budding, Binary Fission, or Regeneration 2) __________________________________________

15. Which process produces identical new cells:Mitosis __________________________________________

16. Name a prokaryote cell that reproduces by binary fission.Bacteria _______________________________ 17. Which organelle produces spindle Centrosomes/Centrioles fibers_____________________________________________ 18. What is the area that holds the sister chromatids together.______________________________

Centromeres

19. Name the 6 phases of the cell cycle. Interphase 1) _____________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________ Prophase 3) _____________________________________________ Metaphase 4) _____________________________________________ Anaphase Telophase 5) _____________________________________________ Cytokinesis 6) _____________________________________________ Interphase 20. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? __________________________________________ 21. 1)

What are the four phases of Mitosis? _____________________________________________ Prophase

2) _____________________________________________ Metaphase Annaphase 3) _____________________________________________ 4) _____________________________________________ Telophase 22.

How do the new copies of DNA compare to the original DNA?Exact (Identical) copies

_____________________________ 23.

Nucleus

What part of a cell actually divides during mitosis?

____________________________________ 24.

In which type of cell does mitosis occur: prokaryote or eukaryote? Explain why.

_______________ Eukaryotes – because prokaryotes do not have a nucleus to divide. ___________________________________________________________________________ 25.

What happens to the nucleus & nucleolus during prophase?They disappear

______________________________

They line up along the equator

26.

What happens to chromosomes during metaphase?

____________________________________ 27.

They are pulled apart

What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?

__________________________________ 28.

What pulls sister chromatids apart during anaphase?The spindle fibers and centrioles

__________________________________ 29.

What reforms around each set of sister chromatids during telophase?

______________________ 30.

Nuclear membrane

Nucleolus

What organelle reappears inside the nucleus?

Cytokinesis ________________________________________ 31.

What process or phase follows telophase?

__________________________________________ The cytoplasm and its contents 32.

What divides during cytokinesis?

_________________________________________________ A cell plate forms between the two new cells. 33.

Explain how cytokinesis occurs in plants.

___________________________________________ A cleavage occurs to pinch the membrane into two cells 34.

Explain how cytokinesis occurs in animals.

___________________________________________ 35.

What happens if mitosis is NOT controlled?Cancer

__________________________________________ Name the stages:

36. Telophase 36

39

37. Interphase 38. Metaphase

37

40

39. Anaphase

38

41

42. Label

these stages. Telophase Anaphase

Interphase

Metaphase

Metaphase Prophase

True/False False/Interphase Prophase is the longest stage of the cell cycle 43. _____________

True 44. _____________ Onion cells have cell walls. True 45. _____________ Your cells are going through mitosis right now. 46. _____________ Cell division is a type of mitosis. True False/Centriols Spindle fibers are produced by chromatids. 47. _____________ False/Nucleus DNA is stored in the nucleolus. 48. _____________ False/Sister 49. _____________ After the genetic material has been duplicated it is called DNA? Chromosomes or Chromatids

Directions: Write answers next to the question.

The purpose of mitosis is to form two new nuclei 50.Describe the purpose of mitosis ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

51. How many times does the cell divide during Once mitosis? ________________________________ 52.What kind of cells is produced at the end ofDiploid mitosis? _______________________________ Are identical copies (chromatids) formed when a single chromosome is 53.What are sister chromatids? ________________________________________________ copied and both copies are joined together by a centromere

54.Briefly describe what happens during prophase Mitosis ___________________________________ begins (cell begins to divide), centrioles (or poles) ______________________________________________________________________ appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell, and spindle fibers form between the poles. (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the 55.Briefly describe what happens during metaphaseChromatids __________________________________ spindle fibers. The chromatids line up in the middle of the cell ______________________________________________________________________

56.Briefly describe what happens during anaphase ___________________________________ Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. ______________________________________________________________________ Two new nuclei form. Cleavage of cell membrane 57.Briefly describe what happens during telophase ___________________________________ Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods). Mitosis ends. ______________________________________________________________________ No 58.Is cytokinesis part of mitosis ________________________________________________ Cell membrane moves inward to create two 59.Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis__________________________________ daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes. ______________________________________________________________________ The purpose of meiosis is to form a cell with half the number of 60.Describe the purpose of meiosis_______________________________________________ chromosomes of the original cell

Twice 61. How many times does the cell divide during Meiosis?________________________________

62.What kinds of cells are produced at the end of meiosis? ____________________________ Haploid 63.Briefly describe the difference of prophase I & II. _______________________________ Crossing over takes place in prophase I only ______________________________________________________________________ In metaphase I, there are four homologus 64.Briefly describe the difference of metaphase I & II. ______________________________ chromosomes lined up and in metaphase II there are 2 lined up ______________________________________________________________________ In anaphase I the splitting of centromere 65.Briefly describe the difference of anaphase I & II. ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ does not occur whereas, in anaphase II, sister chromatids separate, splitting the centromere In Telophase I there are two daughter 66.Briefly describe the difference of telophase I & II. _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ cells, whereas in Telophase II there are four daughter cells.

In what phases does the following happen? 67. ________________________Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) Interphase Cytokenisis

68. ________________________Cell membrane moves inward and then creates two daughter cells 69. ________________________Chromatids attach to the spindle fibers Metaphase 70. ________________________Two new nuclei form and mitosis ends Telophase 71. ________________________Mitosis begins Prophase 72. ________________________Chromatids separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell Anaphase

Fill in the blank: Centrioles 73. What produces the spindle fibers? ___________________________________________ Centromere 74. This is an area that holds the sister chromatids together.__________________________ 75. The thin structures that attach to a centromere during mitosis in order to split chromatids_______________________________________________________________ Spindle fibers Sister Chromosomes/Chromatids 76. Name given to chromosomes after they have been duplicated._______________________ 77. How many chromosomes are in human sex cells? _________________________________ 23 78. How many chromosomes are in most human cells? ________________________________ 46

Name the phases:

79.

Anaphase ____________________________________________

80.

Telophase _____________________________________________

81.

Interphase _____________________________________________

82.

Prophase _____________________________________________

83.

_____________________________________________ Metaphase

84.

Cytokinesis __________________________________________

Answer true or false and if false give correct answer 85. In humans, a diploid zygote is formed during fertilization.

True

86. Meiosis is a form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells such as gametes. True 87. During independent assortment, offspring receive 23 homologous chromosomes from both the male and female in a nonrandom fashion. False (random) 88. During asexual reproduction, offspring are identical to their parent. True 89. Meiosis in males is oogensis False (spermatogenesis) 90. Meiosis in females is spermatogenesis. False (oogenesis) 91. Meiosis in males results in 4 haploid sperm. True 92. Meiosis in females results in 2 functional haploid egg cell. False (one) 93. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is for growth and repair of body cells, asexual reproduction, produces 2 diploid cells, and goes through one division. Meiosis is for genetic diversity through sexual reproduction, produces 4 haploid cells, and it goes through two divisions 94. What type of cell is formed at the end of Mitosis Diploid 95. What type of cell is formed at the end of Meiosis Haploid

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Meiosis

Meiosis

I

II

Prophase

Prophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase

Metaphase I

Metaphase II

Anaphase

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

Telophase

Telophase I

Telophase II

Mitosis

Cy...