Mitosis & Meiosis Study Guide PDF

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Mitosis & Meiosis Study Guide 1

Mitosis & Meiosis Study Guide

1. Meiosis only occurs in _______ _______ ________. sexually reproducing organisms 2. After the process of meiosis how many sets of chromosomes will be present in individual daughter cells? 23 (in a human) 3. What is a haploid? a cell with a single set of unpaired chromosomes 4. Define crossing-over. 2 homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material to create recombinant chromosomes 5. What are the results of meiosis? haploid daughter cells with chromosomal combinations different from the parent cells 6. What happens in prophase? a. chromosomes condense b. mitotic spindle begins to form c. nuclear membrane breaks down d. microtubules grab sister chromatids 7. What is the second stage of mitosis? metaphase 8. What is chromatin? DNA bound to protein which composes chromosomes

Mitosis & Meiosis Study Guide 2

9. What is a gamete? a haploid sperm or egg cell 10. Down syndrome is caused by a problem in which chromosome? 21st pair of chromosomes 11. True or False? Mitosis is the process in which gametes are made. False - Meiosis creates gametes 12. What are the final results of mitosis? 2 identical diploid cells 13. What are centrioles? the organelles which develop the mitotic spindle for cell division 14. How many chromosomes are in the human genome? 46 15. How many sex chromosomes are there in humans? 2 (X and Y). Each human has either 2 Xs, making them female, or and X and a Y, making them male 16. What are the stages in order of Mitosis? Summarize of what happens in each stage. a. Prophase - mitotic spindle starts forming, chromosomes condense, tubules attach to sister chromatids b. Metaphase - sister chromatids line up in middle of cell c. Anaphase - tubules pull sister chromatids apart d. Telophase - chromosomes move to opposite sides of cell and nuclei start to form around them e. Cytokinesis - cell divides 17. What are the stages of the cell cycle? Summarize of what happens in each stage.

Mitosis & Meiosis Study Guide 3

a. Interphase i.

G1

ii.

S Phase - duplicate cell DNA

iii.

G2

b. Mitosis (see above) 18. What are the stages, in order, of Meiosis? Summarize of what happens in each stage. a. Prophase I i.

same as mitosis prophase except homologous chromosomes cross over to create recombinant chromosomes

b. Metaphase I i.

same as mitosis metaphase except homologous chromosomes line up in middle, not sister chromatids

c. Anaphase I d. Telophase I e. Meiosis II (same stages and events as mitosis) i.

note: no crossing over occurs in meiosis II, and the sister chromatids line up in a single file line

19. What is nondisjunction? Results? a. sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase II, causes genetic diseases such as Down syndrome 20. Sex chromosomes of males and females. X and Y - see question 15...