Modul-1: Introduction to GPS PDF

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Modul-1 : Introduction to GPS Hasanuddin Z. Abidin Geodesy Research Division Institute of Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia E-mail : [email protected] Version : January 2007 Lecture Slides of GD. 3211 Satellite Surveying Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering Institute of Techno...

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Tugas 1 GNSS Yudha Bela AP

x1.GPS Sist em Pemosisi Global Julius Yahya PERKEMBANGAN SIST EM SAT ELIT NAVIGASI GLOBAL DAN APLIKASINYA dEnHaR HaRdEn, Achmad Set iawan

Modul-1 : Introduction to GPS Hasanuddin Z. Abidin Geodesy Research Division Institute of Technology Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia E-mail : [email protected] Version : January 2007

Lecture Slides of GD. 3211 Satellite Surveying Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB)

Short History of Navigation • Ancient to Now : (Geodetic) Astronomy – OK for Latitude, but no so good for Longitude until Chronometer was invented in ~1760

• • • • • • • • •

13th Cent 1907 1912 1930’s 1940’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 2000’s

: : : : : : : : :

Magnetic Compass Gyrocompass Radio Direction Finding Radar dan INS (Inertial Nav. System) Loran-A Omega and Doppler Satellites Loran-C GPS and then GLONASS GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo) Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2004

Perbandingan Sistem Navigasi SISTEM

CAKUPAN GLOBAL KONTINYU

DIMENSI POSISI

KETELITIAN POSISI ABSOLUT (RMS)

Loran-C

Tidak

Ya

2-D

250 m

Omega

Ya

Ya

2-D

2000-4000 m

Transit

Ya

Tidak

2-D

25 m

GPS

Ya

Ya

3-D + Waktu

H:5m V : 7.5 m

Ref. : Misra & Enge (2001) Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2004

Global Positioning System (GPS) • Formal Name : NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System) • Satellite-based navigation and positioning system • Military system operated by the Department of Defense, USA and jointly managed by the National PNT Committee • System development : 1973 - April 1994 • The first satellite (Block I) was launched in 1978 • Worldwide coverage •Designed to provide position, • Continuous operation, day and night velocity, and time information • Weather Independent • Could be used by many peoples at the same time Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2004

KEMAMPUAN GPS 



• Ketelitian posisi GPS dapat memberikan informasi tentang posisi, kecepatan, dan waktu secara cepat, akurat, murah, dimana saja di bumi ini pada setiap saat tanpa tergantung cuaca.

beberapa mm sampai beberapa meteran • Ketelitian kecepatan beberapa cm/detik

GPS adalah satu-satunya sistem navigasi ataupun sistem penentuan posisi, selama beberapa abad ini, yang mempunyai karakteristik prima seperti tersebut.

• Ketelitian waktu beberapa nanodetik

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 2003

National Management of GPS

Ref : Miller (2006) at www.gps.gov

GPS Major Milestones 1973: 1978: 1983: 1996:

1997: 2000: 2004:

2005:

Decision to develop a satellite navigation system based on the systems TRANSIT, TIMATION, and Project 621B First GPS Block I satellites launched President Reagan offers free civilian access to GPS after Korean Airlines Flight 007 incident President Clinton issues U.S. policy declaring GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management – Civil GPS remains free of direct user fees U.S. Congress codifies policy provisions into law Selective Availability on civil signal set to zero by President Clinton providing full GPS accuracy to users President Bush W. issues new policy on space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) – Recognizes changing international conditions and worldwide growth of GPS applications 1st Launch of modernized signals (L2C and M Code) Ref : Miller (2006) at www.gps.gov

Segments of GPS

SATELITTES . 21 + 3 satellites . Orbital period : 12 hr . Altitude : 20200 km

USERS . Observe GPS signals . Compute position, velocity, time information, or other parameters CONTROL SYSTEM . Time synchronization . Orbit prediction . Data injection . Satellite health monitoring

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, 1998

GPS Orbital Configuration • Orbital shape : nominally circle (e...