Module 2 - Organization AND Presentation OF DATA PDF

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FORMS OF PRESENTATION OF DATA 3 KINDS 1. TEXTUAL: IT COMBINES TEXT AND NUMERICAL FACTS IN A STATISTICAL REPORT, USUALLY ARRANGED FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST. (EX. SCORES OF THE STUDENTS IN THE LAST QUIZ FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST, HIGHLIGHTED)  TEXTUAL PRESENTATION – PRESENTING DATA IN THE FORM OF WORDS, SENTENCES, AND PARAGRAPHS. IT INVOLVES ENUMERATING IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS, EMPHASIZING SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND IDENTIFYING IMPORTANT FEATURES OF DATA 2. TABULAR: FINER/BETTER VERSION OF TEXTUAL; ARRANGED, LABELED, MORE CONCISE DATA; PROPERLY LABELED COLUMNS; IT PROVIDES NUMERICAL FACTS IN A MORE CONCISE AND SYSTEMATIC MANNER. STATISTICAL TABLES ARE CONSTRUCTED TO FACILITATE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS. EACH CLASS/SUBCLASS IS ASSIGNED TO A PARTICULAR ROW OR COLUMN AND FIGURES FOR VARIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS ARE NOTED IN APPROPRIATE CALLS  DATA TABLES/TABULAR PRESENTATION – FACILITATES REPRESENTATION OF EVEN LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA IN AN ATTRACTIVE, EASY TO READ AND ORGANIZED MANNER. THE DATA IS ORGANIZED IN ROWS AND COLUMNS.  ADVANTAGES OF TABULAR PRESENTATION 1. IT IS BRIEF; IT REDUCES THE MATTER TO THE MINIMUM; 2. IT PROVIDES THE READER A GOOD GRASP OF THE MEANING OF THE QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP INDICATED IN THE REPORT. 3. IT TELLS THE WHOLE STORY WITHOUT THE NECESSITY OF MIXING TEXTUAL MATTER WITH FIGURES. 4. THE SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMNS AND ROWS MAKES THEM EASILY READ AND READILY UNDERSTOOD 5. THE COLUMNS AND ROWS MAKE COMPARISON EASIER. 3. GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION: BEST FORM OF PRESENTATION; YOU CAN SEE THE CONNECTIVITY/RELATIONSHIP OF YOUR DATA; SOMETIMES CLEARER, EVEN MORE CREATIVE AND COLORFUL; IT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEANS OF ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA BECAUSE THE IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS ARE BROUGHT OUT MORE CLEARLY AND CREATIVELY IN VIRTUALLY SOLID AND COLORFUL FIGURES. TEXTUAL

TABULAR

GRAPHICAL

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Rearrangement from lowest to highest Steam and Leaf Plot

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Frequency Distribution Table Relative Frequency Distribution Table Cumulative Frequency Distribution Table Contingency Table

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Linear Graph Bar Graph Circle Graph or; Pie Chart Histogram Frequency Polygon Picture Graph or Pictogram Map Graph or Cartogram Scatter Point Diagram Less than, Greater than Cumulative Frequency Ogive (cumulative frequency graph/intersection of 2 lines – to show the in between values)

DIFFERENT KINDS OF GRAPHS/CHARTS 1. LINE GRAPH – SHOWS RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 2 SETS OF QUANTITIES. 2. BAR GRAPH – IT CONSISTS OF BARS OR RECTANGLES OF EQUAL WIDTHS, EITHER DRAWN VERTICALLY OR HORIZONTALLY, SEGMENTED OR NON-SEGMENTED; USED FOR COMPARISON OF DATA. 3. CIRCLE GRAPH OR PIE CHART – IT REPRESENTS RELATIONSHIPS OF THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF A SINGLE TOTAL AS REVEALED IN THE SECTORS OF A CIRCLE. 4. PICTURE GRAPH OR PICTOGRAM – IT IS A VISUAL PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL QUANTITIES BY MEANS OF DRAWING PICTURES OR SYMBOLS RELATED TO THE SUBJECT UNDER STUDY. 5. MAP GRAPH OR CARTOGRAM – IT IS ONE OF THE BEST WAYS TO PRESENT GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. THIS KIND OF GRAPH IS ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY A LEGEND - TELLS THE ACTUAL VALUE, WHICH TELLS US THE MEANING OF THE LINES, COLORS, OR OTHER SYMBOLS USED AND POSITIONED IN A MAP. 6. SCATTER POINT DIAGRAM – IT IS A GRAPHICAL DEVICE TO SHOW THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES. OUTLIER.

COMPONENTS OF TABULAR PRESENTATION 1. TABLE NUMBER – TO FACILITATE:  EASE OF ACCESS AND LOCATING 2. TITLE  CONTENT  PERIOD OF STUDY  PLACE OF STUDY  CLASSIFICATION OF STUDY 3. HEADNOTES – TELLS YOU WHAT IT IS ALL ABOUT  PURPOSE OF THE TITLE  DISPLAYS MORE INFORMATION 4. STUBS  TITLE OF ROWS IN A TABLE  DISPLAY INFORMATION 5. CAPTION  TITLE OF THE COLUMN IN THE DATA TABLE 6. BODY OR FIELD – ENTIRE OF THE CONTENT  CONTENT OF THE TABLE IN ITS ENTIRETY 7. FOOTNOTES – NOT REQUIRED, BUT THERE ARE INSTANCES/EMPHASIZE  SUPPLEMENT THE TITLE OF THE TABLE OF REQUIREMENTS 8. SOURCE  PRESENTED BEFORE THE FOOTNOTES  TAKEN FROM A SECONDARY SOURCE CLASSIFICATION OF DATA 1. QUALITATIVE CLASSIFICATION – IF THE DATA CONTAINED ATTRIBUTES THAT CANNOT BE QUANTIFIED 2. QUANTIFIED CLASSIFICATION – DATA IS CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF QUANTITATIVE ATTRIBUTES; CAN BE COUNTED; CONTINUOUS & DISCREET 3. TEMPORAL CLASSIFICATION – WHEN DATA IS MENTIONED WITH RESPECT TO DIFFERENT TIME FRAME; TALKING OF TIME 4. SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION – WHEN DATA IS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO LOCATIONS; GEOGRAPHICALLY

TYPES OF DATA 1. QUALITATIVE  NOMINAL – TWO OR MORE CATEGORIES ARE NOTING ANY PARTICULAR ORDER OR RANK; ONE OR MORE CATEGORIES WITHOUT ORDER. (EX. BLOOD GROUPS: A, B, AB, OR O; AREA OF RESIDENCE: NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST, AND CENTER; GENDER: FEMALE, MALE; STATUS: MARRIED, SINGLE)  ORDINAL – PATTERN, SEQUENCE 2. QUANTITATIVE  DISCRETE – COUNTED IN WHOLE NUMBERS (EX. NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS)  CONTINUOUS – CAN HAVE FRACTIONS; NAGIIBA (EX. HEIGHT OF 161.5CM; BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL)...