Module 6 Study Guide PDF

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Module 6 Study Guide - Prof. Lleras...

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Important concepts to know – Week 6 The concepts listed below are the most important ones for you to understand in this week. You can use this list to help you with notetaking while you watch the videos.

Module 10- Object Perception  Object agnosia o Can sense details of object but can’t put it together to name the object  Top-down processing o Our existing knowledge of object influences how we perceive them  Bottom-Up Processing o Physical stimuli influence how we perceive them o Ex: you see a flower, the visual details get sent from retina to brain  What is Recognition? o Matching a presented item to an item in your memory  What is a Representation? o Storage/reconstruction of info in memory when that info is not in use  Perceptual Organization o Grouping  grouping similar shapes or objects together

 Segregation  Separating groups of objects (napkins vs. chairs) Gestalt Psychology and Perceptual Organization o “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” Figure-Ground Organization o what’s in the foreground vs what’s in the background Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping o How Symmetry and convexity affect figure ground organization  symmetric objects are more likely to be seen as foreground o

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Convex (cloud) lines are more likely seen as foreground than concave (waves)

 Law of good continuation  If there is a blockage, your brain assumes object continues behind the blockage

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 Law of proximity  We group things together when they are closer together

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 Law of similarity  Group things of similar color, size, orientation, and motion

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 Effect of Common region and Connectedness

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Perceptual Interpolation o Edge completion  Our brains complete object outline when something covers part of it

 Illusory Contours o Cutouts make your brain fill in the rest of the outline of an object when that shape isn’t there

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Recognition by Components o Geons  Basic units that make up objects

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 Viewpoint invariance  Vantage point doesn’t matter, if its pointing left, right, back, …, you can still identify that object  But we are quicker to identify it if it’s in the orientation we see it in nature  Ex: a car vertical vs. car horizontal

Template theories o Point-by-point comparison to a stored average/ideal representation o assumes every perceived object is stored as a "template" into long-term memory

o The Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Object Perception o area V4  deals w/ representation of shapes & color o inferotemporal area  “what” pathway for object recognition The Fusiform Face Area and Face Recognition o (FFA)-this is brother’s face, this is mom’s face o (OFA)-Occipital face area: 2 dots + curve = smiley face o Prosopagnosia  “face blindness”-inability to recognize faces  They see a face and know it’s a face but don’t know who it belongs to  ***kids are born with this but they grow out of it The Grill-Spector Experiment o Put squiggles over a famous person’s face then see if participant could recognize the person

o Other IT Cortex Areas with Specific Object Recognition Functions o Parahippocampal place area (PPA)  Deals with scene recognition  Topographic agnosia  Deficit in recognizing special landscapes o Extrastriate body area  Perception of body parts and their movement (ex: active when dots showing person walking) o Grandmother Cells and Specific Coding in the IT Cortex  The Results of Quiroga et al. (2005)  Showed somewhat existence of “grandmother cells” (you have a neuron/space

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in brain just for recognizing grandma, or Kanye West, or Golden Gate Bridge) The Face Inversion Effect o Don’t see it when upside down, but right-side up you realize right away that mouth and eyes have been rotated Capgras Syndrome o Believe that someone they know has been replaced with a fake/imposter Accidental Viewpoints

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