Module 9 - Psych - Lecture notes 26 PDF

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Audrey Jeannine Tocco was my professor at University of Northern Colorado while taking Principles of Psychology...

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Definitions Add ons Topics Sections Drugs

Tolerance and Addiction in Substance Use Disorder ● Psychoactive Drug - A chemical that changes perceptions and moods ~ A drug’s overall effect depends on biological effects and on the user’s expectations ● Substance Use Disorder - A disorder characterized by substance craving and use despite significant life description or physical risk ● Tolerance - Brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug effect, causing people to take more and more of the drug in order to feel an effect ~ Tolerance increases the risk of becoming addicted ● Withdrawal - Discomfort and distress that occurs when someone stops taking an addictive drug Types of Psychoactive Drugs ● Three major categories ~ Depressants - Reduce neural activity and slow body functions ~ Alcohol ~ Slows brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions ~ Alcohol Use Disorder - Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal and a drive to continue use ◌ Prolonged and excessive drinking ~ Disrupts memory formation, partly by suppressing REM sleep ~ Reduces self-awareness ~ Barbiturates - Depress nervous system activity ~ Tranquilizer ~ Reduces anxiety ~ Impairs memory and judgment ~ Opiates - Depress neural functions ~ Heroin, oxycontin, morphine, codeine ~ Lessen pain and anxiety ~ Stimulants - Excited neural activity and speed up body functions ~ Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, meth, ecstasy ~ Nicotine ~ Stimulating and highly addictive drug from tobacco ~ Smoking cigarettes causes people to develop tolerance and withdrawal if they try to quit ~ Within 7 seconds of smoking a cigarette: ◌ Epinephrine (adrenaline) diminishes appetite and boosts alertness, anxiety and pain are reduced

~ Cocaine ~ Stimulant derived from the Coca plant ~ Depletes brain’s supply of stimulating neurotransmitters, temporarily increasing alertness and euphoria ~ Methamphetamine - Stimulates neural activity ~ Triggers the release of dopamine, raising energy and mood ~ Ecstasy - Street name for MDMA ~ Triggers dopamine release ~ Releases sorted serotonin blocking reuptake ~ Hallucinogens - Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without sensory input ~ People feel separated from their body and experience dreamlike scenes ~ LSD (acid) ◌ Emotions range from euphoria to panic ~ Marijuana ~ Contains THC ~Mild hallucinogen, amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, and smells ~ Relaxes, disinhibits and produces a high ~ Lingers in the body for over a week Influences on Drug Use ● Biological Influences ~ Heredity - If parents or twins have substance abuse disorder, that child or twin is more likely to develop substance abuse disorder ~ Variations in neurotransmitter systems ● Psychological ~ Lacking sense of purpose ~ Stress ~ Psychological disorders ● Social-Cultural Influences ~ Difficult environment ~Cultural acceptance of drug use ~ Negative peer influences...