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International Management, 9e (Deresky) Chapter 3 Understanding the Role of Culture 1) ________ consists of specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group of people. A) Ethnology B) Civilization C) Culture D) Doctrine Answer: C Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 2) ________ is an outsider's seemingly natural ability to interpret someone's unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures in just the way that person's compatriots and colleagues would. A) Multicultural sensitivity B) Cultural accommodation C) Multicultural transfer D) Cultural intelligence Answer: D Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 3) ________ is the awareness of and an honest caring about another individual's culture. A) Cultural accommodation B) Cultural empathy C) Cultural sympathy D) Cultural quotient Answer: B Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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4) Cultural sensitivity is also known as ________. A) cultural empathy B) cultural intelligence C) cultural quotient D) cultural diffusion Answer: A Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 5) Which of the following is a primary reason for failed expatriate assignments? A) creeping incrementalism B) cross-cultural differences C) moral universalism D) economic barriers Answer: B Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 6) ________ comprises the shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals that over time are passed on and imposed by members of a group or society. A) Environment B) Workforce C) Economy D) Culture Answer: D Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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7) ________ is increasing the pace of both cultural diffusion and cultural change. A) Collectivism B) Enculturation C) Fundamentalism D) Globalization Answer: D Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 8) Which of the following is NOT categorized as a sociocultural variable of culture? A) religion B) economy C) education D) language Answer: B Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 9) Which of the following represents the expectations, norms, and goals held in common by members of a specific company or group? A) cultural variable B) societal culture C) organizational culture D) organizational system Answer: C Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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10) An organization where employees typically wear casual clothes and interact casually is most likely to have a(n) ________ organizational culture. A) hierarchical B) formal C) rules-bound D) informal Answer: D Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 11) Which of the following is a drawback of organizational culture? A) dishonesty toward organization B) reduced cooperation C) lack of commitment D) resistance to change Answer: D Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 12) Which of the following is an advantage of organizational culture? A) long-term commitment B) tendency to adopt changes quickly C) excessive domestic focus D) individuality Answer: A Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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13) ________ is the phenomenon of the shifting of individual management styles to become more similar to one another. A) Parochialism B) Convergence C) Stereotyping D) Particularism Answer: B Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 14) The unconscious reference point of one's own cultural values is called a(n) ________. A) self-reference criterion B) cultural distance criterion C) cultural diffusion standard D) unconscious power-distance point Answer: A Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 15) The first step for an international manager toward cultural sensitivity should be to ________. A) work and travel in a foreign culture B) interact with people from other cultures C) understand his or her own culture D) learn to speak another language Answer: C Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 16) Cultural intelligence is also known as cultural quotient. Answer: TRUE Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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17) Cultural sensitivity requires the willingness to put oneself in another's shoes. Answer: TRUE Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 18) Creolization is the process where immigrants completely disregard all aspects of the local culture. Answer: FALSE Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 19) Organizational culture tends to be stronger than societal culture. Answer: FALSE Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 20) Contingency management requires managers to adapt to the local environment and people, and to manage accordingly. Answer: TRUE Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 21) What is convergence? Answer: Convergence describes the phenomenon of the shifting of individual management styles to become more similar to one another. The convergence argument is based on the belief that the demands of industrialization, worldwide coordination, and competition tend to factor out differences in organizational-level processes, such as choice of technology and structure. Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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22) What is the difference between parochialism and ethnocentrism? Answer: Parochialism occurs when a Frenchman, for example, expects those from or in another country to automatically fall into patterns of behavior common in France. Ethnocentrism describes the attitude of those who operate from the assumption that their ways of doing things are best—no matter where or under what conditions they are applied. Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-1: To understand how culture affects all aspects of international management AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 23) When immigrants adopt some aspects of the local culture while keeping aspects of their culture of origin, this process is called ________. A) stereotyping B) particularism C) creolization D) ethnocentrism Answer: C Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 24) Which of the following terms refers to the expectation that foreigners should automatically fall into host-country patterns of behavior? A) geocentrism B) nationalism C) parochialism D) ethnocentrism Answer: C Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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25) ________ refers to the belief that the practices of one's own country are best no matter where or under what conditions they are applied. A) Geocentrism B) Nationalism C) Parochialism D) Ethnocentrism Answer: D Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 26) Canada consists of distinct groups such as Anglophones, Francophones, and indigenous Canadians. This is an example of ________. A) subculture B) stereotyping C) cultural diffusion D) convergence Answer: A Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 27) ________ refers to the assumption that every member of a society or subculture has the same characteristics or traits without regard to individual differences. A) Diversification B) Posturing C) Stereotyping D) Parochialism Answer: C Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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28) Stereotyping should most likely be avoided by international managers because ________. A) current variables of culture are grossly inaccurate B) many cultures have diverse subcultures C) many countries outlaw the practice D) national culture is nonexistent Answer: B Difficulty: 3: Challenging Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 29) According to Harris and Moran, which of the following is NOT a category that forms the subsystems in any society? A) societal system B) health system C) education system D) political system Answer: A Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 30) The main purpose of Harris and Moran's eight categories is ________. A) to show how subsystems in a society affect an individual's behavior B) to emphasize how stereotyping can be used for learning about different cultures C) to show how subcultures are beginning to converge with broader cultures D) to indicate that global managers should adapt to subordinates from other cultures Answer: A Difficulty: 3: Challenging Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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31) According to Harris and Moran's eight categories, a kinship system refers to the influence of ________. A) workplace relations B) religious activities C) family relationships D) formal groups Answer: C Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 32) Which of the following subsystems is most likely to underlie both moral and economic norms? A) kinship system B) political system C) religious system D) education system Answer: C Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 33) Which of the following terms refers to a society's ideas and convictions about what is good or bad and right or wrong? A) regulations B) values C) rules D) procedures Answer: B Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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34) Which of the following is a cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project team? A) power distance B) universalism C) individualism D) fatalism Answer: A Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 35) Austria and Germany value competition and have a "can-do" attitude. Therefore, according to the GLOBE project, Austria and Germany are most likely to be ________ societies. A) accommodative B) cooperative C) humane-oriented D) assertive Answer: D Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 36) Which of the following is true of a future-oriented country? A) It focuses on short-term planning. B) It emphasizes solidarity. C) It focuses on longer time horizon for decisions. D) It emphasizes instant gratification. Answer: C Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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37) According to the GLOBE project, which of the following cultural dimensions refers to how much people in a society are expected to be tough, confrontational, and competitive versus modest and tender? A) humane orientation B) assertiveness C) future orientation D) performance orientation Answer: B Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 38) People in Singapore and Denmark are inclined toward long-term planning. According to the GLOBE project, such societies score high on ________. A) performance orientation B) assertiveness C) humane orientation D) future orientation Answer: D Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 39) Managers from Singapore, New Zealand, and Hong Kong tend to take initiative and have a sense of urgency, and the confidence to get things done. According to the GLOBE project, such managers score high on the cultural dimension of ________. A) humane orientation B) future orientation C) performance orientation D) assertiveness Answer: C Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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40) Med-Tex, a large pharmaceutical firm based in Texas, wants to establish its presence by expanding overseas. The company's executives evaluate locations across the world for the most suitable place to build the latest Med-Tex manufacturing facility. Which of the following, if true, best supports the argument that Med-Tex should build its new facility in Ireland? A) Expanding into a similar culture reduces risks associated with different attitudes, values, and communication styles. B) Med-Tex's main competitor received government incentives for building a new manufacturing facility in the United Kingdom. C) Collectivist societies like Ireland encourage the individual achievement necessary for scientific advancements in pharmaceuticals. D) Particularistic cultures apply rules and systems objectively, which is important within the Med-Tex organizational culture. Answer: A Difficulty: 3: Challenging Chapter: 3 Skill: Application LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Analytical thinking 41) All of the following are value dimensions proposed by Hofstede EXCEPT ________. A) uncertainty avoidance B) assertiveness C) power distance D) individualism Answer: B Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 42) Workplaces in high power distance cultures will most likely be characterized by ________. A) flexible schedules B) autocratic leadership C) loosely defined chains of command D) open communication of ideas Answer: B Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 43) In which of the following countries would an autocratic style of leadership be most effective? 13 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

A) low power distance countries B) high power distance countries C) humane-oriented countries D) high performance-oriented countries Answer: B Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Application LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 44) According to Hofstede, societies that accept strong hierarchical boss-subordinate relationships are high on ________. A) uncertainty avoidance B) collectivism C) individualism D) power distance Answer: D Difficulty: 2: Moderate Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments 45) According to Hofstede, the extent to which subordinates accept a hierarchical system in a company is known as ________. A) uncertainty avoidance B) power distance C) individualism D) masculinity Answer: B Difficulty: 1: Easy Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept LO: 3-2: To be able to distinguish the major value dimensions which define cultural differences among societies or groups AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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46) Which of the following Ho...