Muscle-hematoma PDF

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Condition Haematoma/ Muscle contusion Definition / Description Trauma or injury, usually a direct hit, damages veins and arteries. Blood escapes the vessels and collects within a muscle. Forms a localized hard mass under skin. Can be intermuscular in intramuscular. Initially = red/ pink. Gradually becomes blush  greenish/yellow, as the Hb in tissues breaks down chemically and is absorbed. Populations / Risk Factors Contact sports – football, rugby, basketball. Poor muscle conditioning. Previous injury in thigh, hip or knee. Obesity. Use of blood thinners. Symptoms - (Distribution, description, daily pattern, etc) Intra-muscular hematoma - muscle sheath and fascia remain Intact, bleeding contained within the tissue – increase in pressure. Pain and swelling beyond 48hrs. Intermuscular hematoma – the sheath and fascia are damaged, blood and fluids escape the area of injury -greater signs of bruising. Bruising will travel in the direction of gravity. Pain subsides after 24hrs. Reduced ROM. Tenderness. Grade 1- 3 (same as muscle tear scale). Clinical Signs - (Reliable measures) Discoloration of skin – redness Inflammation and warmth over area. Swelling / lump over injury - hematoma Reduced ROM and strength. Lower History MOI – direct or indirect trauma Anticoagulants Time out from injury Investigations - (Radiology, haematoloty etc) Ultrasound

CT MRI Atypical Presentations Compartment syndrome DVT or blood cancers Aneurysm Management Options and Levels of Evidence PRICE Heat therapy Immobilization for up to 5 days Sufficient warm up Isometric, isotonic and dynamic isokinetic training within pain limits Functional movement training after pain has subsided Large intramuscular hematomas may require surgical removal NO massage therapy to avoid hemorrhaging...