Nclex Nutrition Knowledge PDF

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very good notes on nutrition...

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NCLEX Nutrition Knowledge: Developed by: Lynn Tier, RN, MSN Know these specific disease and illness processes which require nutritional knowledge Burns: high protein, high calorie Gynecologic cancer with radioactive implants/regional enteritis: low residue Neutropenic individuals (low WBC): no fresh fruits or vegetables, might allow a banana since entire fruit is covered by a peel Hepatic Disorders: Hepatitis-high protein, high carb, moderate fat, high calorie; vitamins A & E given when steatorrhea present Cirrhosis-high carb, low sodium, soft (if esophageal varices), protein intake according to severity of disease (less as disease process increases) Renal Failure: low protein, low sodium, low potassium (in that order) Constipation problems: high fiber, high fluid (fresh fruits and veggies) Cystic Fibrosis: high protein, high calorie, and carb, mod fat, pancreatic enzyme with meals; increased sodium b/c of losses Crohn’s/regional enteritis: no dairy, nuts, no high fiber, no whole grains, no fresh fruits and veggies Ulcerative Colitis: Small and frequent meals, no milk products, low fiber, low fat, fresh fruits and veggies Pancreatitis: high carb, bland, no caffeine or alcohol Diverticulitis: low residue, well cooked meat, fish and eggs, no whole grains, no nuts Celiac: no grains (oats, wheat, rye, barley); this means no bread, cookies, cake, pie, crust, rolls, cereal, pasta (macaroni, spaghetti, noodles, etc.) Cardiovascular/hypertension: low sodium, low fat Diabetic: well balanced with no concentrated carbs PKU: no protein (phenylalanine metabolism problem-amino acid) People with latex allergies should stay away from: bananas, avocados, tomatoes, (the foods most commonly cited as causing a problem b/c of certain proteins) also passion fruit, chestnuts, kiwi fruit, melon, and celery. People taking lithium: need increased fluid and sodium intake Well older adult: protein, mod carb, low fat, low cal; nutritionally sound, but boring High sources of Protein: Remember: animal sources of protein are higher per gram than non-animal; i.e. meat, poultry and fish are higher than soy or eggs/cheese, etc. Don’t forget nuts and legumes. High sodium sources: tomato and tomato based products; condiments, (pickles, olives, cheese); most processed and canned foods, fish, poultry, ham. High sources of potassium: bananas, oranges, dried fruit, legumes, broccoli, green leafy vegetables, dairy, nuts, bran. High sources of iron: liver, red meat, green leafy vegetables, clams, oysters, beef, shrimp, beans, broccoli, whole grains, nuts. High sources of calcium: dairy, sesame seeds, broccoli, collard greens, kale, grains, beans, fruits, and veggies

High sources of fat: fried foods, hard cheese, marbled meats, salmon, butter, mayo, vegetable oils, nuts

Cultural/religious/socioeconomic Differences: Orthodox Jew-Kosher (no milk and meat at the same meal; no pork, no shellfish). Strict rules for killing animals-heavily salted for purification Islamic-Halal: No pork or alcohol, no food that may be poisonous when alive, a well Balanced diet. Vegetarian: (different types)  Total Vegetarians (Vegans) eat only plant food. They do not eat any animal foods, including fish, eggs, dairy products, and honey.  Pesco-Vegetarians: include fish into their diets  Pollo-Vegetarians: eat poultry, such as chicken, turkey, and duck  Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians: does not eat meat, fish or fowl. Eat dairy and egg products. (Lacto-milk, ovo-egg)  Ovo-Vegetarian: does not eat meat, fish, fowl or dairy products. Eats egg products.  Lacto-Vegetarian: does not eat meat, fish, fowl or eggs. Eat dairy products. Fruits and fruit juices are lower in sodium; vegetable juices (tomato, V-8, etc.) very high in sodium

Count Sources of Protein Fat and CHO; also Na and K and Calories For Example: (PF) (PF) Cheeseburger has 2 major sources of protein and of fat and 1 CHO; (Bun-CHO) Who can eat what foods and who can’t and rationale:...