Newton\'s laws of motion-phys101 PDF

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Physics Chapter 3 Test- Newton’s laws of motion Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1.

The astronomer Copernicus publicly stated in the 1500s that Earth A does not move. B revolves around the sun. C is slowing down. D moves in a straight line. E is the center of the solar system.

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2.

Galileo found that a ball rolling down one inclined plane would roll how far up another inclined plane? A The ball would not roll up the other plane at all. B To nearly its original height C To about one quarter its original height D To nearly twice its original height E To nearly half its original height

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3.

Friction is a force that always acts A perpendicular to an object's motion. B opposite to an object's motion.

C

in the same direction as an object's motion.

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4.

The law of inertia states that an object A will continue moving at the same velocity unless an outside force acts on it. B will continue moving in a straight line unless an outside force acts on it. C that is not moving will never move unless a force acts on it. D at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. E will do all of the above.

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5.

The law of inertia applies to A objects at rest. B moving objects. C both moving and nonmoving objects.

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6.

After a cannonball is fired into frictionless space, the amount of force needed to keep it going equals A zero, since no force is necessary to keep it moving.

B C D E ____

7.

twice the force with which it was fired. one half the force with which it was fired. the same amount of force with which it was fired. one quarter the force with which it was fired.

If the force of gravity suddenly stopped acting on the planets, they would A spiral slowly towards the sun. B continue to orbit the sun. C continue moving straight in the direction they are traveling. D spiral slowly away from the sun.

E

fly straight away from the sun.

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8.

A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. The reason this can be done is that A gravity pulls very hard on the milk carton. B the milk carton has very little weight. C the milk carton has inertia. D none of the above

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9.

The force required to maintain an object at a constant speed in free space is equal to A the mass of the object. B the weight of the object. C zero. D the force required to stop it. E none of the above

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10.

An object following a straight-line path at constant speed A has no forces acting on it. B has a net force acting on it in the direction of motion. C has zero acceleration.

D E

must be moving in a vacuum. none of the above

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11.

Friction A comes from microscopic bumps that act as obstructions to the object's motion.

B C D E ____

12.

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13.

is the name given to the force acting between surfaces sliding past one another. acts in a direction that opposes the motion of an object. all of the above none of the above

One object has twice as much mass as another object. The first object also has twice as much A velocity. B gravitational acceleration. C inertia. D all of the above Compared to its weight on Earth, a 10-kg object on the moon will weigh the same amount. less. more.

A B C ____

14.

Compared to its mass on Earth, the mass of a 10-kg object on the moon is A the same. B more. C less.

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15.

The mass of a lamb that weighs 110 N is about A 1 kg. B 11 kg. C 110 kg. D 1100 kg. E none of the above

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16.

You would have the largest mass of gold if your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on A Earth.

B C ____

17.

Jupiter. the moon.

Which has more mass, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of iron? A The feathers B The iron C Neither—they both have the same mass.

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18.

How much does a 3.0-kg bag of bolts weigh? A 7.2 N

B C D E ____

19.

14.4 N 22.8 N 29.4 N 58.8 N

A bag of sports equipment has a mass of 10.0 kilograms and a weight of A 0.98 N. B 9.8 N. C 98 N. D 980 N.

E

none of the above

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20.

An object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the moon. Which has the greater mass? A The one on Earth B The one on the moon C They have the same mass. D Not enough information to say

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21.

Which of the following is NOT true about Aristotle’s concept of violent motion? A Violent motion is imposed motion B Violent motion has an external cause C Violent motion is the result of forces that push or pull D Violent motion is thought to be either straight up or straight down

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22.

You and a friend are jumping on a trampoline. Why does Earth, which is rapidly orbiting around the sun, not move under your feet when you jump? A There are different rules in space and on the surface of the earth B Newton’s first law holds that your body moves along with Earth because it is not compelled to change its motion by an unbalanced force. C Newton’s second law holds that the acceleration produced by the force of gravity is offset by the force of friction on your feet. Newton’s third law holds that there is an equal and opposite force exerted by the D trampoline on your feet, which allows you to move with Earth through space.

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23.

The gravity of Jupiter is about 3 times what it is on Earth. If an object’s mass is 180 kg on Earth, what would its mass be on Jupiter? A 60 kg C 180 kg B 90 kg D 540 kg

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24.

The main difference between Aristotle and Galileo is A Aristotle thought that the Earth revolved C Galileo though that some changes in speed occured without forces. around the sun. B Galileo thought that forces were always D Aristotle used experiments to develop his required to change an object’s speed. ideas, whereas Galileo developed his ideas from his observations.

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25.

The difference between mass and weight is A Weight depends on gravity. B Mass is a force, and weight is not.

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26.

C D

Weight is a scalar, while mas is a vector. Mass depends on gravity.

If you flip a coin straight up into the air in a moving vehicle, which of these could NOT happen? (All answers describe motion relative to the vehicle.) A The coin lands exactly where it started. C The vehicle slows down and the coin flies backward. The vehicle turns and the coin moves the The vehicle accelerates, and the coin flies B D backward. opposite way.

True/False True = A

False = B

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27.

The name of the astronomer who first publicly stated that Earth revolves around the sun is Galileo.

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28.

Friction refers to the force between two surfaces that are sliding past each other.

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29.

A force can be simply defined as a push or a pull.

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30.

Inertia is the property that every material object has; inertia resists changes in an object's state of motion.

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31.

If a hockey puck were to slide on a perfectly frictionless surface, it will eventually slow down because of its inertia.

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32.

If you were to slide a hockey puck across a frictionless ice rink, there must be a horizontal force on it to keep it in motion.

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33.

The amount of matter in an object is its weight.

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34.

The SI unit of mass is the newton.

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35.

The force due to gravity acting on an object is its mass.

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36.

The SI unit of force is the kilogram.

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37.

An astronaut weighs the same on Earth as in space.

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38.

An astronaut has the same mass on Earth as in space.

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39.

The reason a penny thrown straight up inside an airplane will come back to your hand is that you, the air inside the plane, and the penny are all moving at the same horizontal velocity.

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40.

In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle divided motion into two types: natural motion and violent motion.

Physics Chapter 3 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: OBJ: STA: BLM: 2. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 3. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 4. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 5. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 6. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 7. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 8. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 9. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 10. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 11. ANS: OBJ:

B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.2 Copernicus and the Moving Earth Ph.1.g | CA.IE.1k| CA.IE.1n KEY: knowledge B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.3 Galileo on Motion STA: Galileo | inclined plane BLM: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.3 Galileo on Motion STA: friction | force BLM: E PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: inertia | force BLM: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: inertia | moving BLM: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: force | friction BLM: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: gravity | planets BLM: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: inertia | weight BLM: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: force | speed BLM: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: speed | acceleration BLM: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA:

L1 Copernicus | Earth L1 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k knowledge L1 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k knowledge L1 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k knowledge L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k comprehension L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k comprehension L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k comprehension L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23. 24. 25. 26.

KEY: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: BLM: ANS: OBJ: KEY: ANS: OBJ: KEY: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS:

friction | motion BLM: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: application B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: comprehension A PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: comprehension B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: application C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: analysis C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: comprehension D PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: application C PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: application B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: application D PTS: 1 DIF: 3.1 Aristotle on Motion STA: Aristotle | motion BLM: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3.6 The Moving Earth Again STA: motion | inertia | Newton's first law C PTS: 1 B PTS: 1 A PTS: 1 C PTS: 1

comprehension L2 mass | inertia L2 weight | Earth L2 mass | Earth L2 mass | newtons L2 mass | weight L2 mass | kilogram L2 weight | newtons L2 mass | weight L2 weight | mass L2 CA.IE.1k Knowledge L3 CA.IE.1k BLM: application

TRUE/FALSE 27. ANS: OBJ: STA: BLM: 28. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 29. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 30. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 31. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 32. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 33. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 34. ANS: OBJ: 35. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 36. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 37. ANS: OBJ: BLM: 38. ANS: OBJ: BLM:

F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.2 Copernicus and the Moving Earth Ph.1.g | CA.IE.1k| CA.IE.1n KEY: application T PTS: 1 DIF: 3.3 Galileo on Motion STA: friction | force BLM: T PTS: 1 DIF: 3.3 Galileo on Motion STA: force | push | pull BLM: T PTS: 1 DIF: 3.3 Galileo on Motion STA: inertia | change BLM: F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: friction | inertia BLM: F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.4 Newton's Law of Inertia STA: friction | force | motion BLM: F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: knowledge F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: knowledge F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: knowledge F PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: comprehension T PTS: 1 DIF: 3.5 Mass-A Measure of Inertia KEY: comprehension

L1 Galileo | Earth L1 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L1 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L1 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k comprehension L2 Ph.1.b | CA.IE.1k application L1 weight | mass L1 SI | newton BLM: knowledge L1 gravity | mass L1 force | kilogram | SI L2 weight | Earth L2 mass | Earth

39. ANS: OBJ: KEY: 40. ANS: OBJ: KEY:

T PTS: 1 3.6 The Moving Earth Again velocity | horizontal T PTS: 1 3.1 Aristotle on Motion Aristotle | motion

DIF: STA: BLM: DIF: STA: BLM:

L1 CA.IE.1k analysis L1 CA.IE.1k Knowledge...