NSG 210 Notetaking Case Studies in Pathophysiology-Meniere\'s disease PDF

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NOTES TAKING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY...

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NSGP 210 Case Studies in Pathophysiology – Concept map notes System: Ear disorders Condition: Meniere’s disease Basic Concept Meniere’s disease is a disorder that affects the inner ear. The inner ear is responsible for hearing and balance. The condition causes vertigo, the sensation of spinning. It also leads to hearing problems and a ringing sound in the ear. Meniere’s disease usually affects only one ear. Pathophysiology The exact pathophysiology of Meniere’s disease is controversial. The underlying mechanism is believed to be distortion of the membranous labyrinth resulting from overaccumulation of endolymph. The endolymph and perilymph (i.e., fluids that fill the chambers of the inner ear) are separated by thin membranes that house the neural apparatus of hearing and balance. Fluctuations in pressure stress these nerve-rich membranes, causing hearing disturbance, tinnitus, vertigo, imbalance, and a pressure sensation in the ear. Risk Factors Family history, Viral infection, Autoimmune disorders, Barometric pressure change, Stress, Hormonal disorders, Allergies, Excess salt in the diet. Etiology The cause of Meniere’s disease isn’t known, but scientists believe it’s caused by changes in the fluid in tubes of the inner ear. Other suggested causes include autoimmune disease, allergies, and genetics. Pathophysiology (include different types here) Clinical presentation (S&S) *Vertigo *Hearing loss *Tinnitus *Aural fullness *Loss of balance *Headaches *Nausea, vomiting, and sweating caused by severe vertigo Diagnostic Test/Procedures *Hearing test, or audiometry *Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test *Electronystagmography (ENG) *Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing *Rotary-chair testing *Posturography *Electrocochleography (ECoG) Treatment *Motion sickness medications such as meclizine or diazepam (Valium) *Anti-nausea medications such as promethazine *Hearing aid *Positive pressure therapy *Middle ear injections, antibiotics such as gentamicin and Steroids such as dexamethasone *Surgery Complications The unpredictable episodes of vertigo and the prospect of permanent hearing loss can be the most difficult problems of Meniere's disease. The disease can unexpectedly interrupt your life, causing fatigue and stress. Vertigo can cause you to lose balance, increasing your risk of falls and accidents....