Nutrient and Gas Requirements - Autotroph Structure and Function PDF

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Autotroph Structure and Function Discuss the structure of vascular and non-vascular plants 1. Distinguish between vascular and non-vascular plants. o Answer Vascular plants Possess vascular tissue, which is specialised for transporting fluids (Not found in leaves or roots)  

Xylem Phloem

Non-vascular plants Non-vascular plants do not possess this system 2. Identify the two plant tissues. o Answer Xylem and phloem 3. Identify the two organs present in plants. o Answer Roots and leaves 4. Distinguish between xylem tissue and phloem tissue. o Answer Xylem Transports water and inorganic nutrients (mineral ions) absorbed from the soil up the plant Phloem Transports dissolved sugars produced by photosynthesis from the leaves throughout the plant, and organic substances 5. Identify the three systems present in most plants. o Answer Vascular, root and shoot systems Discuss the main functions of the leaves.

1. What is the cross-section of a leaf. o Answer

2. Identify the main functions of a leaf. o Answer Absorb sunlight and carbon dioxide, and produce glucose from photosynthesis Exchange gases with the air 3. Describe the features of most leaves that allow them to absorb the maximum amount of sunlight for photosynthesis. o Answer Thin and flat structure maximises their surface area allowing the optimum absorption of light energy by chlorophyll Thin shape enables internal cells to receive adequate light energy 4. Outline the function of the epidermal tissue. o Answer Protects inner tissue and prevents evaporation of water by secreting a waxy cuticle 5. Outline the function of palisade and spongy mesophyll cells o Answer Photosynthesis (but spongy not as much as palisade mesophyll cells) 6. Describe the distribution of vascular tissue in the leaf and how this assists the leaf to carry out its functions. o Answer Enables the leaf to carry out its functions Distributed throughout like veins Ensures cells receive the required nutrients and have a system to get rid of waste 7. Discuss how the products of photosynthesis and respiration can be reused by the plant. o Answer Oxygen (from photosynthesis) can be reused by the plant as an input of cellular respiration

Carbon dioxide (from cellular respiration) can be reused by the plant as an input of photosynthesis Explain how imaging technologies are useful 1. Describe how radioactive tracers can be used to trace the path of elements through living plants. o Answer Radioisotopes 

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Carbon-14 can be used to trace the movement of glucose after it has been produced by photosynthesis by adding it to the carbon dioxide supply of a plant Radiation emitted by the carbon-14 in the glucose can be traced so that the glucose can be traced Photographic film is used to see where it had moved (dark areas)

Radioisotopes produce gamma radiation that could cause cancers or mutations in living organisms...