Nutrition 1020 Module 1 Notes PDF

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Nutrition 1020 Module 1 Notes...

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Wednesday, September 15, 2021

Nutrition 1020 Module 1 Notes Nutrition Basics and Terminology !

- Diet is the collection of foods and fluids consumed by an individual within a 24-hour period, and there are many styles of eating."

- Food nourishes the body by providing nutrients that enable cellular functioning; nutrients can be essential, nonessential, caloric, or noncaloric."

- Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes and affects body function throughout the day and a person’s health over several years."

- The characteristics of a sound diet include Calorie control, adequacy, balance, moderation, and variety."

- The six categories of nutrients include the energy-producing macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids/fats), the non-energy-producing micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and water."

- The goal of eating should be to fuel and nourish the body optimally, noting that selecting nutrient-dense foods is key for Calorie control."

- It is important to consume a healthy diet and to exercise in order to promote health and prevent chronic disease."

- Many socioeconomic, cultural, and psychosocial factors affect food choice.! Carbohydrates !

- Carbohydrates are organic compounds." - Carbohydrates are categorized as simple or complex." - Six different mono- and disaccharides largely comprise the carbohydrates consumed in the diet."

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- Digestible polysaccharides (starch) provide the majority of complex carbohydrates consumed in the diet."

- Digestible carbohydrates (starch and simple sugars) provide 4 Calories per gram." - Indigestible complex carbohydrate, cellulose, and other fiber types provide 0 Calories per gram (i.e., they are noncaloric)."

- Carbohydrate is the preferred fuel of the body." - The recommended AMDR is 45 to 65 percent of Calories from total carbohydrate." - The recommended AMDR is 25 percent of Calories or less from simple sugars." - The recommendation for added sugars is less than ten percent of Calories." - The recommended DRI is 130 grams minimally per day from digestible carbohydrates and 25 grams per day for women and 38 grams per day for men from dietary fiber. A personalized dietary fiber recommendation is 1.4 grams of fiber per 100 Calories consumed."

- Carbohydrate is found in plant foods and in two types of animal sources: milk and many other milk products and honey."

- The ethanol in alcoholic beverages provides 7 Calories per gram.! Proteins !

- Dietary protein is made of 20 different amino acids, which are categorized as essential and nonessential."

- Amino acids are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen." - Dietary protein is categorized as complete (high-quality, high biological value) or incomplete (low-quality, low biological value)."

- Complete proteins or those of high biological value come from animal proteins."

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- Incomplete proteins or those of low biological value come from plant proteins." - Combining plant proteins so that all of the essential amino acids are present is protein complementation."

- The primary function of dietary protein in adults is tissue repair and functional protein maintenance."

- Protein provides 4 Calories per gram when used to generate ATP energy in the body." - Adults need 0.8 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight per day to meet the DRI for protein."

- Adults may consume 10 to 35 percent of their total Calorie intake from protein and meet the AMDR for protein.!

Lipids/Fats!

- All lipids are organic compounds." - There are three categories of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols." - Triglycerides are the only energy-producing lipids consumed in the diet and are commonly called fats."

- Triglycerides provide 9 Calories per gram." - Triglycerides contain fatty acids that are categorized as saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids."

- There are two essential fatty acids in human nutrition, and both are polyunsaturated fatty acids."

- Linoleic acid is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid." - Alpha-linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid."

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- Triglycerides have many important functions." - Consume 20 to 35 percent of total Calories from fat to meet the adult AMDR for total fat."

- Limit saturated fatty acid intake to less than 10 percent of total Calories to meet the recommendation for saturated fat intake."

- Trans$fatty acids are unhealthy." - Limit$trans$fatty acid intake to less than 1 percent of total Calories." - Phospholipids are noncaloric." - The most common phospholipid consumed in the diet is lecithin, which is used to emulsify fat and as a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as well as to make cell membranes."

- Cholesterol is noncaloric and is found only in animal foods." - Cholesterol is nonessential because it can be made in the liver." - Cholesterol has many important functions: It is needed for the synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, myelin sheaths, and vitamin D, and in the structure of cell membranes.!

Introduction to minerals, vitamins, and water!

- The noncaloric nutrients (0 Calories per gram) are vitamins, minerals, and water." - Vitamins and minerals are referred to as micronutrients." - Vitamins are categorized as fat soluble or water soluble." - Four fat-soluble vitamins are essential in human nutrition."

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- Ten water-soluble vitamins are essential in human nutrition." - Minerals are categorized as major or trace." - Seven major minerals are essential in human nutrition." - Ten trace minerals are essential in human nutrition." - Water is the fluid of life." - It is healthier to consume more water than is required to achieve water balance, which is 1 milliliter of water per 1 Calorie expended. Nevertheless, care should be taken to prevent water intoxication."

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