Nutrition study guide PDF

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Nutrition Chapter 45 1.

Which statement made by an adult patient demonstrates understanding of healthy nutrition teaching?

a. b. c. d.

I need to stop eating red meat. I will increase the servings of fruit juice to four a day. I will make sure that I eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly. I will not eat so many dark green vegetables and eat more yellow vegetables. RATIONALE: This options shows the patient has the best understanding of the teaching.

2.

The nurse teaches a patient who has had surgery to increase which nutrient to help with tissue repair? a. Fat

b. Protein c. Vitamin d. Carbohydrate RATIONALE: proteins are essential for growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues

3.

The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing dysphagia. Which interventions help decrease the risk of aspiration during feeding? (Select all that apply.) a. Sit the patient upright in a chair.

b. c. d. e. f.

Give liquids at the end of the meal. Place food in the strong side of the mouth. Provide thin foods to make it easier to swallow. Feed the patient slowly, allowing time to chew and swallow. Encourage patient to lie down to rest for 30 minutes after eating. RATIONALE: Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. All these techniques decrease risk for aspiration or other adverse events. Liquids should be given throught the meal, each patient will have thier own meal plan, and patients should stay upright for 30 mintutes after eating.

4.

Which action is initially taken by the nurse to verify correct position of a newly placed small-bore feeding tube? a. Placing an order for x-ray film examination to check position

b. Confirming the distal mark on the feeding tube after taping c. Testing the pH of the gastric contents and observing the color d. Auscultating over the gastric area as air is injected into the tube RATIONALE: X-ray is the most accurate way to check the placement of a feeding tube. Auscultation is no longer considered an accurate way to check.

5.

The home care nurse is seeing the following patients. Which patient is at greatest risk for experiencing inadequate nutrition? a. A 55-year-old obese man recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus

b. A recently widowed 76-year-old woman recovering from a mild stroke c. A 22-year-old mother with a 3-year-old toddler who had tonsillectomy surgery d. 46-year-old man recovering at home following coronary artery bypass surgery RATIONALE: after a stroke, weakness of one side → dysphagia & depression following the passing of spouse → lack of appetite

6.

Which statement made by a patient of a 2-month-old infant requires further education? a. I'll continue to use formula for the baby until he is a least a year old.

b. I'll make sure that I purchase iron-fortified formula. c. I'll start feeding the baby cereal at 4 months. d. I'm going to alternate formula with whole milk starting next month. RATIONALE: Babies should not be given cow milk until at least 1 year of age.

7.

The nurse is teaching a program on healthy nutrition at the senior community center. Which points should be included in the program for older adults? (Select all that apply.)

a. b. c. d. e.

Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice, which impair drug absorption. Increase the amount of carbohydrates for energy. Take a multivitamin that includes vitamin D for bone health. Cheese and eggs are good sources of protein. Limit fluids to decrease the risk of edema. RATIONALE: Refer to the older adult nutrition guidelines-- grapefruit juice has a negative reaction with statins (many older adults take these for heart conditions, DM, or cholesterol), lower bone density, & cheese and eggs contain tyramine which reacts with MAOIs

8.

The nurse sees the nursing assistive personnel (NAP) perform the following for a patient receiving continuous enteral feedings. What intervention does the nurse need to address immediately with the NAP? The NAP: a. Fastens the tube to the gown with tape. b. Places the patient supine while giving a bath.

c. Performs oral care for the patient. d. Elevates the head of the bed 45 degrees. RATIONALE: A patient recieving an enteral feeding should not be lowered below 45 degrees

9.

The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest is known as a. BMR.

b. REE. c. Nutrients. d. Nutrient density. RATIONALE: basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest. The resting energy expenditure (REE) is the amount of energy an individual needs to consume over a 24-hour period for the body to maintain all activities while at rest.

10. In general, when energy requirements are completely met by kilocalorie (kcal) intake in food a. Weight increases.

b. Weight decreases. c. Weight does not change. d. Kilocalories are not a factor. RATIONALE: when energy requirements are completely met by kilocalorie (kcal) intake in food, weight does not change.

11. Some proteins are manufactured in the body, but others are not. Those that must be obtained through diet are known as a. Amino acids.

b. nonessential amino acids. c. Triglycerides. d. Essential amino acids. RATIONALE: The body does not synthesize essentail amino acids, so these need to be provided in the diet.

12. Knowing that protein is required for tissue growth, maintenance, and repair, the nurse must understand that for optimal tissue healing to occur, the patient must be in a. Negative nitrogen balance.

b. Positive nitrogen balance. c. Total dependence on protein for kcal pro-duction. d. Neutral nitrogen balance. RATIONALE: When intake of nitrogen is greater than output, the body is in positive nitrogen balance. Positive nitrogen balance is required for growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass and vital organs, and wound healing. Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than the body gains. Neutral nitrogen balance occurs when gain equals loss and is not optimal for tissue healing.

13. In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet, it is important for the nurse to understand that with few exceptions a. Saturated fats are found mostly in vegetable sources.

b. Saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources. c. Unsaturated fats are found mostly in animal sources. d. Linoleic acid is a saturated fatty acid. RATIONALE:

14. Fats are composed of triglycerides and fatty acids. Triglycerides a. Are made up of three fatty acids.

b. Can be saturated. c. Can be monounsaturated. d. Can be polyunsaturated. RATIONALE: Triglycerides circulate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.

15. The patient has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and placed on a low-fat diet. The patient asks the nurse, "How much fat should I have? I guess the less fat, the better." The nurse needs to explain that a. Fats have no significance in health and the incidence of disease. b. All fats come from external sources so can be easily controlled.

c. Deficiencies occur when fat intake falls below 10% of daily nutrition. d. Vegetable fats are the major source of saturated fats and should be avoided. RATIONALE: Deficiency occurs when fat intake falls below 10% of daily nutrition. Various types of fatty acids have significance for health and for the incidence of disease and are referred to in dietary guidelines.

16. The ChooseMyPlate program includes guidelines for a. Children younger than 2 years.

b. Balancing calories.

c. Increasing portion size. d. Decreasing water consumption. RATIONALE: ChooseMyPlate program includes guidelines for balancing calories; decreasing portion size; increasing healthy foods; increasing water consumption; and decreasing fats, sodium, and sugars.

17. In teaching mothers-to-be about infant nutrition, the nurse instructs patients to a. Give cow's milk during the first year of life.

b. Supplement breast milk with corn syrup. c. Add honey to infant formulas for increased energy. d. Remember that breast milk or formula is sufficient for the first 4 to 6 months. RATIONALE: Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition for the first 4 to 6 months of life. Infants should not have regular cow's milk during the first year of life. Honey and corn syrup are potential sources of botulism toxin and should not be used in the infant diet.

18. The nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric tube in a patient who is semiconscious. To determine the length of the tube needed to be inserted, the nurse measures from the a. Tip of the nose to the xiphoid process of the sternum.

b. Earlobe to the xiphoid process of the sternum. c. Tip of the nose to the earlobe. d. Tip of the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process. RATIONALE: Measure distance from the tip of the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process of the sternum. This approximates the distance from the nose to the stomach in 98% of patients. For duodenal or jejunal placement, an additional 20 to 30 centimeters is required....