OL109 test bank - Summary of content covered/discussed in class. PDF

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Question 1 Which of the following means the same thing as 'Communication is irreversible'? Erasing or replacing spoken words or acts is not possible. No amount of explanation can erase the impression you have created. It's impossible to 'unreceive' a message. Words said are irretrievable. All mean the same as the statement 0 / 1 point Question 2 The idea that it is often necessary to negotiate a shared meaning in order for satisfying communication to occur relates to which characteristic of the communication model? sending and receiving are usually simultaneous meanings exist in and among people environment and noise affect communication channels make a difference none of the above Question 3

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Which of the following elements is not included in the Transactional Communication Model? Channel Control Environment Noise All of the above are included in the Transactional Communication model 1 / 1 point Question 4 Sarah and Jim are driving to a friend's house. She is about to suggest a different route when she stops herself because she knows Jim hates it when she 'takes over' while he's driving. This is an example of which communication concept? self-monitoring cognitive complexity communication is unrepeatable content messages none of the above Question 5 The transactional perspective of communication acknowledges that when we talk to others, we are constantly reacting to what our partner is saying. we talk to others and then when they talk to us, we listen. we talk to others and they listen; they talk to us, and we listen.

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when the message gets to the receiver, communication ends. 1 / 1 point Question 6 "It wasn't what you said, it was how you said it," demonstrates what principle of interpersonal communication? Interpersonal communication connects us to others. Interpersonal communication involves both content and relationship dimensions. Interpersonal communication is complicated. Interpersonal communication is governed by rules. 2.5 / 3 points Question 7 List and give a non-textbook/lecture note example of three types of noise that can disrupt communication. (3 marks) 1)A lisp is an example of a noise that can disrupt communication as it can hinder understanding of the message from the sender to the receiver 2) Physical noise can disrupt communication for example when talking to someone outside the noise of traffic can affect hearing and disrupt the communication process 3)I have chronic migraines and when I leave them untreated it creates a ringing in my head which disrupts communication as I am unable to hear properly or focus on conversation. The correct answer is not displayed for Written Response type questions. 3 / 4 points Question 8 Explain the concept of environment in communication. First, define it according to its role in the transactional model of communication. Next, give a non-textbook/lecture note example of how it has impacted communication exchanges in your experience. Environment (context) plays a major role in the transactional model of communication, all communication occurs within an environment/context and we must adapt to that environment to truly understand communication. In the transactional model, both communicators have their environments and nice and that affects how we communicate as well as how we perceive what others are communicating. For example the physical environment such as a lecture hall, in this environment communication would be different than if the communication between the professor and the students was held in a park, as in different environments there are different factors/noise. The correct answer is not displayed for Written Response type questions. 0 / 1 point Question 9 Which of the following is supported by research related to how the self-concept develops? Self-concept does not exist at birth Self-concept is almost totally a product of social interaction Children recognize 'self' as distinct from surroundings at about age six or seven months

All of the above are supported None of the above are supported

1 / 1 point Question 10 A 'hard' culture is a culture that values ___________. achievement collectivism low power distance nurturing high power distance 1 / 1 point Question 11 Simone wants to appear authoritative, so she sits behind a large oak desk facing her subordinates when they come to speak with her. How is Simone managing her identity? By appearance. By manner. By posture. By setting. Question 12 Which of the following is used in face-to-face interactions to manage impressions? physical appearance

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words and verbal action personal items physical setting all of the above Question 13 Which of these statements is most likely to be true? A low self-monitor employs little identity management.

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A low self-monitor is highly aware of their identity management. A high self-monitor is highly aware of their identity management. A high self-monitor employs little identity management. Question 14 1 / 1 point ____ is the view that self-concept is a product of the messages received throughout your life. reflected appraisal social comparison

multidimensional self subjective self-concept self-fulfilling prophecy 0 / 1 point Question 15 Even though others disagree, Diandra thinks of herself as a tremendously effective communicator. She enforces this image by surrounding herself with people who are very shy and socially naïve. Diandra's unrealistic handling of this situation provides an example of _____________. the theory of significant others social comparison theory self-discipline theory similarity theory consistency appraisal theory Question 16 The self-concept is most powerfully shaped by which of the following? Self-esteem.

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Self-monitoring. Significant others. Cognitive complexity. 0 / 1 point Question 17 Promotion to a more responsible job, being blamed by a friend for fights and having your birthday forgotten are all likely to contribute to which of the following? Defensiveness. Self-concept. Self-monitoring. Social comparison. Self-esteem Question 18 How is self-esteem related to self-concept? The two terms refer to the same concept.

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They both contribute to the evaluation one gives of his/her worth. Self-esteem is the part of the self-concept that evaluates self worth. Self-concept is an aspect of self-esteem that involves beliefs about oneself. 3 / 3 points Question 19 Discuss the relevance of identity management in the workplace. Describe how cultural differences can lead to identity management conflict. ( 3 marks)

Identity management within the workplace is very important, you present a version of yourself that is professional where as with your friends you may be more casual. We use our presenting self to reflect a specific image to our coworkers and bosses but this may not be our true selves. Cultural differences can lead to identity management conflict because as a country we are so diverse, we are immersed in many different cultures, in one culture it may seem rude to not sit and have a drink with your boss but in another culture it is simply not practised. This is where we can run into conflict because people have different customs and beliefs that may not be shared by everyone within the workplace. The correct answer is not displayed for Written Response type questions. 4 / 4 points Question 20 We have certain expectations which are products of our prejudices. How do you think these expectations have affected certain groups of people (e.g. women, Muslims, white males, university students)? Select 2 groups of people and explain how reflected appraisal influences their identities. (4 marks). I think these expectations have had a major impact of all kinds of groups, having a prejudice towards a certain group of people, may that be women, muslims, white males, or university students we affect their self-concept. We essentially are communicating to them that they are different, verbally or non-verbally. As a result this affects their identity management, around certain people they may present themselves one way in order to comply with such expectations, even though their presented self may not be their perceived self. Reflected appraisal influences their identity because they are shaped by the words and actions of those around them. For instance if a boy wears makeup there is a stigma that surrounds that and he may receive backlash for doing so, even though he enjoys wearing makeup he may not wear it around his grandpa for example because he knows his grandpa is homophobic. Another group is women, our significant others have the greatest impact on us, women are believed to have famine qualities and traits but as everyone is different in expressing themselves not all women share that quality. A girl for example may feel more comfortable dressing in boys clothes, even though her mother always dressed her skirts and dresses when she was a child. Her perceived self is that she feels more comfortable dressing one way even though the perceived norm may be to dress more feminine. 1 / 1 point Scientists developed __________ to describe how a person's position in a society shapes his or her view of society and of specific individuals. social theory interaction theory standpoint theory social role theory self concept theory Question 2 The interpersonal perception process involves

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creating halos and horns. interpreting information gained passively and actively. balancing the primacy and recency effects. selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. Question 3 1 / 1 point A woman observes what she believes is her husband flirting with the waitress at a restaurant where the couple is having dinner. The husband claims he only smiled at the waitress and that in any case, it was because his wife was acting angry anyway. The wife says she was angry because he was flirting. The disagreement about what happened can best be explained by which process in the organizing stage of the perception process. punctuating superimposing attritbution closure 1 / 1 point Question 4 Which step of perception is based on the fact that we notice some messages and ignore others? selection organization interpretation negotiation none of the above 0 / 1 point Question 5 How could you improve this perception-checking statement? "When you gave me an F on my essay, I figured you hated me. Right?" Describe behaviour. Give another interpretation. Request clarification. It is a good perception-checking statement just the way it is. Question 6 Which of the following is a cause of inaccurate perception? We look beyond the obvious.

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We tend to assume others are similar to us. We judge ourselves more negatively than others. We tend to favour positive impressions of people over negative impressions. Question 7 How is empathy related to perception? The more perceptive you are, the less empathetic you need be.

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The more perceptive you are, the easier it is to forget to be empathetic. Empathy and perception both require a high level of self-monitoring. Empathy is facilitated by trying to perceive things from the other person's point of view. 0 / 1 point Question 8 Shefali says that she works out in the evenings instead of the afternoons because Anil is always late coming home from work. Anil says he doesn't bother to rush home from work because Shefali is always working out. What term refers to the difference in perspective between Shefali and Anil? Interpretation. Perspective-taking. Punctuation. Selection. Question 9 Organizing stimuli makes it possible for us to attribute positive qualities to individuals we like.

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direct our attention to specific stimuli. give meaning to the stimuli we select. process complex information. 0 / 1 point Question 10 You shake hands with someone and notice that the hands are hard and callused. You might infer that this person worked with his hands. And since he is wearing coveralls, you assume he is a farmer. Which stage of the perceptual process would be reflected in this example? selecting or simplifying stimuli organizing or imposing structure interpreting or attributing meaning responding or expressing understanding 2 / 3 points Question 11 You have two instructors for math. One you like, instructor A, and one you don't, instructor B. During exam week, both gave quizzes, but while you appreciated instructor A giving you a quiz because it helped you to see what you still needed to work on, you did not appreciate instructor B giving you a quiz because you feel that it was unfair to give even more work at such a stressful time. Explain using the halo effect. (3 marks) My overall impression of Instructor B is negative, as a Answer: result it impacts the way I think about him therefore making me angry that he gave

(With instructor A, there is the halo effect. Because you like this instructor, you attribute positive qualities to him/her. Therefore, the quiz was given in order to help you on the final exam.

a quiz because my overall impression is already bad my reaction will also likely be negative.

However, with instructor B, you are experiencing the horn effect. Because you do not like this instructor, you assume that he/she is giving the quiz to give you still more work at a stressful time. You attribute negative qualities to him/her.)

2 / 3 points Question 12 Discuss three methods by which we organize the information we take in and support your answer with non-textbook/lecture note examples from your own life. (3 marks) Three methods by which we organize the information we take in are through physical constructs, role constructs, and physiological constructs. In physical constructs I may organize information differently when I am communicating with my grandma or my nephew, (Answers will as they vary in age the way I communicate with them vary (must not changes as well. With role constructs I wouldn't talk to Answer: my doctor the same way I would talk to my friends, in include methods communicating with a person of authority I am much from text or more careful with my words and always show respect, lecture notes)) whereas with my friends I can be more laid back. With psychological constructs if my I'm talking to my boyfriend who seems nervous I would interpret and organize the information differently. Question 13 4 / 4 points The text divides the act of perception into a 4 part process. Name each parts and then using a non-textbook/lecture note example, describe how each part functions. (4 marks) Physiological influences- age plays a big role in physiological influence because at different ages we have different access to different information and experiences, I view gay marriage extremely differently than my grandparents or great grandparents would. Psychological influences- my mood affects how I view things in the moment that I am experiencing them in, if I am in a good mood/happy mood I may be more susceptible to think positively rather than if I was sad I would think negatively. Seeing a child playing when I am happy may make me smile or enjoy their presence where as if I am in a sad mood I might find the child annoying and disruptive. Social influences- sex and gender roles are a huge part of social influences. Growing up if my brother played with my dolls I saw that as a feminine activity and was confused as to why he was doing that because he was a boy. Cultural influences- thinking and logic, in some cultures they are brought up to believe that

child/arranged marriage is okay however in my culture and country I have been raised to think it is not. The correct answer is not displayed for Written Response type questions. 1 / 1 point The mood of the party was pleasant but subdued. Then Bruce arrived. He was animated, upbeat and outgoing; before long, most of the people at the partly were laughing and joking. What term describes Bruce's impact on the party? Emotional contagion. Empathy. Presenting self. Social transmission. 1 / 1 point Question 15 An increased heartbeat, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in adrenaline secretions are all part of which emotional component? physiological changes nonverbal manifestations cognitive interpretations verbal expressions all of the above Question 16 Components in our emotions include _________________. physiological changes

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nonverbal reactions cognitive interpretations a and b a and b and c Question 17 0 / 1 point Rebecca tearfully apologizes to her history professor for showing up 30 minutes late to class. Rebecca is experiencing a(n) ________________. first order emotion second order emotion fallacy of causation emotional contagion fallacy of should Question 18 Which of the following is the best advice for sharing feelings? Express only primary feelings.

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Accept responsibility for your own feelings. Express your feelings as soon as they occur. Recognize that feeling and acting out the feeling are the same. 0 / 1 point Question 19 'If I take chemistry, I'll probably get an "F".' This statement is an example of the fallacy of ___________. overgeneralization perfection causation shoulds catastrophic expectations 4 / 4 points Question 20 Using specific terms and non-textbook/lecture note examples, describe two potential emotional reactions you might have experienced. Identify the 4 components of emotion that occurred in each example. (4 marks) 1- an emotional reaction I may have experience is sadness during a breakup, the physiological component would have effected my heart rate and body temperature. The cognitive component I am interpreting the way I am feeling as a result of the breakup. The mood component was that I was experiencing sadness for prolonged periods of time for the duration of 2 weeks after the breakup. The behavioural component is that I am crying and my facial expression is down/sad. 2- Happiness after winning a championship game, the physiological component I experienced was an adrenaline rush, my blood pressure shot up and my heart was beating fast. The behavioural component was that I was smiling and was expressing joy. The cognitive component was I was interpreting that I was happy and therefore expressed my happiness through my behaviour. The emotional component was that I was happy for a short duration. 0 / 1 point Which of the following is the best paraphrase of the statement, "You've got to get those reports in on time or it looks bad for both of us." "Sounds like you're upset with me." "You're upset because when I didn't get the Murphy report done by last Friday, you got in trouble, too?" "Yeah, we're under a lot of pressure. Those guys in upper management are too uptight about deadlines." "Getting the reports in on time is important. Could you help me out by reminding me when the deadlines are?" Question 2

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Which statement about the conversation below is accurate? Speaker:Trent is such a jerk; he always takes me for granted. Listener:You're disgusted with the way Trent has been treating you. The listener used pseudolistening. The listener gave a poor paraphrase because it doesn't use the speaker's words. The listener should have used a question before trying to paraphrase. The listener used a paraphrase to try and understand the speaker's message. Both a and b are accurate. Question 3 Paraphrasing can be considered a form of which of the following? Assertive communication.

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Behavioural description. Metacommunication. Perception checking. Question 4 1 / 1 point At least four of his friends have told Spencer that his girlfriend is dating others, but Spencer never seems to hear what they are saying. Spencer is probably a(n) ___________. pseudolistener insulated listener stage hogger defensive listener ambusher 0 / 1 point Question 5 According to the text, which of the following is the best way to improve your listening? Ignore or filter out distractions. Try to identify the main idea in a speaker's message. Speak more so the speaker ...