Title | Operations Management, 11th Edition, Heizer and Render, Chapter 1 Introduction to Operations Management, Instructor Manual |
---|---|
Author | Maroun Abou Jaoudeh |
Course | Operations Management |
Institution | Lebanese International University |
Pages | 9 |
File Size | 342.4 KB |
File Type | |
Total Downloads | 113 |
Total Views | 179 |
Chapter 1, Introduction to Operations Management, Instructor Manual
What is Operations Management
Goods and Services
OM Strategy Decisions
The Productivity Challenge...
Chapt e r1 .Ope r a t i onsa ndPr o duc t i vi t y . DISCUSSION QUESTIONS T 1 .h t e e x s t u g g e s t f s o u r r e a s o n t s o t u d O yM. We wa n t u o t n d e r s t a n ( d 1 h ) o w p e o p l o e r g a n i z t e h e ms e l v e f s o r p r o d u c t i v e e n t e r p r i s ( e 2 h , ) o g w o o d a s n s d e r v i c e a s p r e r o d u c e ( d 3 w , ) h o a t p e r a t i o n m s a n a g e d r s a o n , ( d 4 t h ) c i s o s t p l y a r t o f u e c r o n o m a y n m d o e s n t t e r p r i s e s . P 2 .o s s i b l e r e s p o n s e s i n c l u d e : Ad a m Smi t h ( wo r k s p e c i a l i z a t i o n / d i v i s i o n o f l a b o r ) C ,h a r l e s Ba b b a g e ( wo r k s p e c i a l i z a t i o n / d i v i s i o o n l a f b o r F ) , r e d e r i c W k T . a y l o ( r s c i e n t i fi m ca n a g e me n t Wa ) ,l t e S r h e wa ( r s t t a t i s t i c a s l a mp l i n a g n d q u a l i t c y o n t r o l H ) , e n r F y o r ( d mo v i n a g s s e mb l i y n e C ) , h a r l e S s o r e n s e ( n mo v i n a g s s e mb l i y n e F ) , r a n a k n L d i l l i a G n i l b r e t h ( mo t i o s n t u d y E Wh ) l , ii t n e ( s y t a n d a r d i z a t i o n ) . S 3 . e r e f e r e nc e i t n s h a e ns w e t Q o r ue s t i o 2 n . T 4 .h a e c t u a c l h a r t w s i d l l i ffe d r , e p e n di n o g t n h s e pe c i fi o c r g a n i z a t i o n t h s e t u d e n c t h oos e t s o d e s c r i b e T . he i mpor t a n t h t i n f i g o s s r t ude n t r o s e c o gn i z t e h a o t l l r g a ni z a t i o n r s e qu i r g t e a o r , e a t e o l r e r s s e r xt e n ( t a t , h ) t e h r e e p r i ma r f y u nc t i o n o s f pe r a t i on fi s ,n a n c e / a c c o u n t i n a g n , m da r k e t i n a g n ; ( d b t h ) t a h e t e mp h a s o d i s r e t a i l e b d r e a k d o wn o t h f e s f e u n c t i o n d i s e pe nde n o t t n h s e pe c i fi c c omp e t i t i v s e t r a t e g e y mpl o y e b t d y h fi er m. T 5 . h a e n s w t e o h r q i s u e s t i o m n a b s y e i mi l t a h o r f a o Q t r u e s t i o H 4 n . e r h e o , we v e t r h s , e t u d e s n h t o u b l e d e n c o u r a g e t o d u t i l i m z a e o d r e e t a i l e k d n o wl e d p g o a a e f e s m tp l o y e a n r i n d d i c a o t t e n h c e h a a r d t d i t i o n i a n l f o r ma t i o s n u c a t h s n e u mb e r o p f e r s o n e s mp l o y e p t o d e r f o r t m h v e a r i o u f u s n c t i o n a s n p d e , r h a p t s h p , e o s i t i o o t n h f e u n c t i o n a r l e a w s i t h t i n h o e v e r a l l o r g a n i z a t i o h n i e r a r c h y . T 6 .h e b a s i c f u nc t i o n o s fi a f r m a r e ma r k e t i n g a , c c ount i n g / fin a n c e a , n d o pe r a t i on s A . n i nt e r e s t i n g c l a s s d i s c us s i o n “ : D a o fi l lr ms / o r g a n i z a t i o n ( s p r i v a t e g , o v e r n me n n t , o t f o r p r ofi t p ) e r f o r m t h e s t e h r e f e unc t i o ns ? T ”he a ut h o r h s ’ ypo t h e s y i s s e t s h , e d y o . T 7 . h 1 e s 0 t r a t e g d i c e c i s i o n o o s f p e r a t i o n m s a n a g e me n a t r p e r o d u d c t e s i g n q , u a l i t p y , r o c e s l s o , c a t i o l n a , y o u h t , uma n r e s o ur c e s u , p pl y c h a i m na n a g e me n i t n , v e n t o r s y c , h e d u l i n ( g a g g r e g a t a e n s d ho t r e t r m a ) n , m da i n t e n a n c We e . fi n t d h i s s t r u c t u a r e e n x c e l l e w n t a h t o y e l s p t u d e n o t s r g a n i z a e n l e d a r t h n m e a t e r i a l . F 8 .o u a r e a t h s a t r i e mpo r t a n t i o m tpr o v i n l g a b o p r r o duc t i vi t a y r e ( 1 : b ) a s i e c duc a t i o ( n ba s i r c e a di n a g n m da t h s ki l l s ( ) 2 , d ) i e o t t h f l e a b o f o r r c e ( 3 , s ) oc i a o l v e r he a t d h a ma tk e l s a b o a r v a i l a b l ( e wa t e s r a , ni t a t i o n t r , a n s por t a t i o n , e t c . a ) n , ( d 4 m ) a i n t a i n i n a g n e d xpa nd i n t g h s e ki l n l s e c e s s a r f y o c r h a n gi n t g e c hnol o g a y n k d no wl e d g a e w s , e a f l o l s r t e a mwo r a k n m do t i v a t i on . 9 . Pr oduc t i vi t h i y s a r d e t m o re a s u r w e he t n h t e a s b k e c om e m so r i e n t e l l e c t u a A k l . n o wl e d g s e oc i e t i y mp l i e t s h a t wo r m i k s o r i e n t e l l e c t u a l n t d h e r e f o r h e a r d e t m o r e a s u r B e . e c a u s t h e U e . S a n . m da n o y t h e c r ou n t r i e a s r i e n c r e a s i n g l y “ k no wl e d g e s ” o c i e t i e s p , r oduc t i v i t i y h s a r d e t r m oe a s ur e U . s i n l g a b or ho u r a m s a s e a s u r o e p f r o d uc t i v i t f y o a r p o s t i n d us t r i s a o l c i e t v y a s i n . d u s t r i o a l g rr i c u l t u r s e o c i e v t i y s e r d y i ffe r e n F t . o e x r a mp l d e e , c a d e s s p e n d t e v e l op i n a g ma r v e l o u n s e d w r u o w g r i n n i v n a e g r d y i ffic u l l e t g c a a l s o e i nt e l l e c t u a p l r ope r t r y i gh m t s a b y s e i g ni fic a n f o t p r os t i ndus t r i s a o l c i e t i e b s u n , t s o h t o m wu c i t n h w e a o p y f r odu c t i vi t i m ypr o v e me n m t e a s ur e i l d n a bor ho ur s . 1 P 0.r odu c t i vi t i d y s i ffic u t l me o ta s u r b e e c a u s p e r e c i s u e ni t o s m fe a s u r m e a b y l e a c ki n g q , ua l i t m y a n y o b t e c o ns i s t e n a t n , e d x o g e no u v s a r i a bl e m s a c y h a n g e . 1 1. Ma s c s us t o mi z a t i o n i t s h fl e e xi b i l i t y t p o r o duc i e o nr d e t r o me e s t pe c i fi c us t om e d r e ma nd s w , i t h out s a c r i fic i n t g h l e o w c o s o p t a f r odu c o t r i e nt e p d r oc e s s R . a p i p d r odu c d t e v e l o pme n i s a s t o ur c o e c f o mpe t i t i v e a d v a nt a g B e . o t r h e o l a y n gi l i t w y i t h i t n h o e r g a ni z a t i on. 1 2. La b o p r r o duc t i vi t i t y n h s e e r v i c s e e c t o h i s r a r t i d o mp r o v b e e c a u s ( e 1 m ) a n s y e r vi c e a s r l e a b o i n r t e ns i v a e nd ( 2 t h ) e a y r i n e di vi du a l l ( y p e r s on a l l y p ) r o c e s s e ( d t h c e us t om e p i s r a y i n f g o t h r a s e t r v i c e —t h h e a c i r u t ( ) m 3 i , t ) a b y e a i n n t e l l e c t u a t a l s p k e r f o r me b d p y r o f e s s i o na l ( s 4 , i o s ) t f t e d n i ffic u t l m o te c ha ni z a e n a d ut oma t e a , n ( d 5 o ) f t e n d i ffic u t e l o v t a l ua f t o e q r ua l i t y .
ETHICAL DILEMMA AMERI CANCARBATTERYI NDUSTRY Yo m u a w y a n t b o t e g i t n h d e i s c u s s i o b n a y s ki n h g o w e t hi c f i a o y t s l r o t b u o i t n e h l e a b d a t t e r b y u s i n e s w s h e y n o u kn o w t h a t n b y a t t e r i e y s o r u e c y c l w e i v l l e r l y i k e l fi yn t d h e w i r a t a y o n v e r s e a f a s c i l i t ( y p r o b a b l Me yx i c o w ) i t h a t , b e s m t , a r gi n a p l o l l ut i o c n o nt a i n me n T t . h e a n f t l e i a k r e l c y o nc l u s i o o “ n f We s l o l me o n h e a t p o s r o v i d b e a t t e r i e s y ” o u c a m n o v t o h e f e o l l o wi n d g i s c u s s i o n. ( a )A o s wne o r a f n i n de pe nde n a t ut o r e p a i s r h o p t r yi n t g o di s pos o e f a f e w o l b d a t t e r i e e s a c h we e k y , ou o r p t i o n s m a b y l e i mi t e d B . u a a e t s n t h i c a o l pe r a t o y r , o u fi rr o s t pt i o t p i n o s u p t r e s s u r o e y n o u b r a t t e r s y up pl i e t o r a k e y o u o r l b d a t t e r i e A s . l t e r na t i v e l s y h , o f b p o a a r t t e r s y upp l i e t h r w a t a n y t s o u b r u s i n e s e s no u g t d h o i s p o s o y e f our o l b d a t t e r i e T s . h i r d b , e c a u s t e h e o r i s e b v i o u s m l a y a r k e f o t h r l e a i o d n l b d a t t e r i e s o , m a e g gr e s s i v d e i gg i n g m a u y nc o v e a i r n ma gi n a t i v r ec y c l e w r h c o a w no r o k u a e t n c o nomi c a l r r a n g e me n f o t p r i c ku o d p r e l i v e r o y f y o u o r l b d a t t e r i e A s . not h e o r p t i o i n o s c , f our s t e d o , i s c ont i n u t e h s e a l o b e f a t t e r i e s ( T . h p a i r s ob l e m f o m r a n y
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s ma l b l us i n e s s e s e ; t h i c a d l e c i s i o n a s n d r e g ul a t i o n ma y b s e u c h t h a t t h e y o f t e p nl a c a e n e xp e ns i v a e n d d i s pr o por t i o na b t e u r d e s o a n ma n fi l lr m . ) ( b) A ma s na g e o r l a f a r g r e e t a i l e r r e s po ns i b l f e o d r i s p os a o l t f hou s a nd o s u f s e d b a t t e r i e e s a c h we e k y , o s u h oul d h a v l e i t t l t e r ou b l fi e ndi n b a g a t t e r s y up pl i e w r i r t a e h v e r s s e u pp l c y ha i s n ui t a b l f e o d r i s po s a o o l f l b d a t t e r i e s . I nde e s a d o , ph i s t i c a t e r d e t a i l e e r a , r l o y i a n n s y u pp l y c h a i d n e v e l op me n p t r o c e s i s n , c l u d e r e s s p on s i b d l e i s po s a l o e f n v i r o n me n t a l l d y a n g e r o u m s a t e r i a p l s a o r t t h f n e e g o t i a t i o n D s . i s pos a o o l f l b d a t t e r i e s s h ou l b m d a e i n o r i s s u f l e a o r g r e t a i l e r . F o b r o s t a m ha a l n l l d a r g r et a i l e t r h , s e o l u t i o t fi i o n s n “ a s d u s t a i na b l e s ” o l u t i o o g n r e o t u o t h t f b e a t t e r b y us i n e s s . Bu r yi n t g h b e a t t e r i e b s e h i n t d h s e t o r n i e s o a o t n p t i o n S . upp l e me n t5 :S us t a i n abi l i t yi nt heS u p pl yChai np r o vi de s s om g e ui d e l i n e f d o a s e r e p c e l r a s d s i s c u s s i o n .
END-OF-CHAPTER PROBLEMS 1 . 1
Uni t s pr oduc e d 100 pkgs ( a) I nput 5
1. 5
13 p 3 kgs ( b) 5
=
6 . 6 ( c ) I nc r e a s e i n p r oduc t i vi t y = = 33. 0 % 2 0
1 . 2
1 2 b 0 oxes 1. 1( a) 4 h 0 our s
( b)
1 2 b 5 ox e s 4 h 0 our s
( c C ) h a n g i p e n r od uc t i v i 0 = t y . 1 2 b 5 o x e s / hou r 0 . 1 2 b 5 oxe s c h a nge 3 . 0
r c e n t a ge ( d) Pe
57 , 600
15= , 1 . 3 0. L ( 160 ) ( 1 2) ()
wh e r e L
e mpl oy e t a d h t p e l a n t
57 , 600 = SoL= ( 160) ( 12 ) ( 0. 15)
1 . 4
=
l a bo r e e r s mpl o y e d
( a L ) a b o p r o duc t i v i 1 t i y s 6 v 0 a l v e s / 8 h 0 o u v 2 = r a s l v e p s e h r ou r . ( b N )e l w a b o p r o duc t i v i 1 t = y 8 v 0 a l v 8 h e / 0 o s u 2 = r . s 2 v 5 a l v e p s e h r ou r ( c P ) e r c e n t a g c e h a n g i p e n r od uc t i v i . t = 2 y v 5 a l v v 2 a e / l s v 1 e = 2 s . 5%
1 . 5
1 . 6
Bur e a o u L f a b o S r t a t i s t i c ( s t a t s . bl s . g o v g i a o s ) o p d l a c t s e o t a r R t . e s ul t w s i v l l a r f y o e r a c y h e a b r , u t o v e r a d l l a f t o a t h r e e c ono m w y i r l a l n g f e r o m . 9 % t 4 o . 8%, a n m df c g o . u l b a h d e s i g a 5 h s % a n s d e r v i c e s b e t we e 1 n % a n 2 d %. Th d e a t w a i v l l a r e y v e m no r f e o m ro nt h o s q r ua r t e r s T . h d e a t a a r f e r e q u e n t l y r e v i s e o d f , t e s n u b s t a n t i a l l y .
1. 16
6, 6 0 v 0 ans ( x labor-hours 0 00labor-hours x=66,
The r a e r 3 e 0 l 0 a b or e r S s . o, 6 6, 0 0 l 0 a b o r h our s 2 = 2 l 0 a bor h our s / l a bo r e o a r n ve r a g p e e , mo rn t h 3 0 l 0 a bor e r s
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6 , 60 v 0 a ns ( b ) No w = 0. 11 , s o x 6 0 , 0 00 l a b or hour s l a b or ho ur s x 6 0, 0 0 l 0 a bor hou r s 3 00 l a b or e r s o a n ve r a g p e e mo , rnt h
Resource
1 . 7
Last Year 1,000
Labor
300 1,000
Resin
50
=3.33
=20
1,000
Capital
10,000 1,000
Energy
3,000
1 . 8 Production Labor hr. @ $10 Resin @ $5 Capital cost/month Energy
=0.1
=0.33
This Year 1,000 275 1,000 45
=3.64
0.31
=22.22
2.22
=0.09
–0.01
1,000 11,000 1,000 2,850
Change
=0.35
Last Year
This Year
1,00 0 $3,000 250 100 1,50 0 $4,850
1,00 0 $2,750 225 110 1,42 5 $4,510
Out put I nput
La b or
6 5 65 p r o duc t i v i t y ( 520 × 13) $6 , 76 0
. = 0 09 r 6 u g p s e l a r b o $ r t i f a c t o r ( b)Mul p r od uc t i v i t y( 52 0×$ 13)+( 1 00×$ 2 0×$ 5 0) 5)+( 6 5 = =. 0 0 7 8 7 $ 8 , 2 6 0
0.1 0.02
0.02
( c Mu )l t i f a c t o p r od u c t i v i t c y h a n g e f r s o m 1 , 0 00 / 4 0 , 0 0 t 1 0 o , 0 0 0/ 3 9 , 0 0 0 o f r , o m 0 . 0 2 t 5 o 0 . 0 2 5 6 4 t h ; r a e t 1 i o s . 0 2 5 s 6 t o h , c e h a n 2 g a i . s e 5 6 % i nc r e a s e .
( a )
=9.3%
=11.1%
0.01
( a L ) a b o p r o duc t i v i 1 t = y , 00 t 0 i r e s / 4 0 h 0 o u 2 = r . t s 5 i r e s / hou r . ( b Mu )l t i f a c t o p r oduc t i v i 1 t i y s , 0 0 t 0 i r e s / ( 4 0 × 0 $ 12. 5 2 + 0, 0 0 $ × + 0 1 5 , 0 0 $ + 0 10 , 00 0 = ) 1 , 00 t 0 i r e s / $40 , 0 0 = 0 . 0 2 t 5 i r e s / dol l a r .
r o d uct i v i = t y 1 . 8
2.22 20
0. 2 0 60 . 22 2 0. 016 0. 206 0. 206 7 . 8 % i mpr o v e me nt * w * i t r h ou ndi d n t 3 g e o c i m p a l a c e s .
1 . 1 0
0.31 3.33
[ ( 1, 000/4 , 85 0 )( 1, 00 0/4 , 510 ) ] ( 1, 000/4, 850 )
1 . 9
Percentage Change
r u g s
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0.33
= 10.0%
=6.1%
1 . 1 1 Labor hrs.
Last Year
This Year
Change
1,500
1,500
0.33
350
Capital invested
=4.29
1,500 15,000 1,500
Energy (btu)
3,000
=0.10
=0.50
325
=4.62
1,500 18,000 1,500 2,750
=0.08
=0.55
Pr od u c t i v i t o c y f a pi t a d l i d d r o p l a ; b o p r od u c t i v i t i y n c r e a s e a d d s i e d n e r g b y , u b l y t e s t h s a n t h a e n t i c i p a t e 1 d 5 % Mu l t i f a c t o p r r odu c t i vi t i y s :
1 . 1 2
1 . 1 3
3 7 a 5 ut os / [ ( $ 2 1 × 0, 00 ( 0 + $ ) 1 , 0 0 5 × 0 0 + ) ( $ 1 × 3 00, 00 0 3 = ) 7 ] 5 / ( 200 , 0 0 5 + 00 , 00 + 0 3 00, 00 3 0 = 7 ) 5/ 1 , 000, 0 00 . = 0003 7 a 5 ut o p s e d r ol l o a i n r f p ut s
1 . 17
$ ou t p u t 52( $90 )+80( $19 8) = Labor-hours ( 4 8 5 ) 2 0, 520 = =$ 57. 00 labor-hour pe r 3 60
( a B ) e f o r 5 e : 0 0/ 2 = b 0 5 o x e p s e h r o ur ;
1 . 1 4
Af t e 6 r 5 , 0 / 2 = 4 7 . 0 8 ( b 2 ) 7 . 08 / 2 5 o 8 e f . 3 % i p n r o du c t i vi t y ( N c ) e l w a b o p r o duc t i 7 = 2 v = 0 4 / i 9 t 0 . y 1 67 r
1 . 1 5
1 , 5 0 1 × 0 . 2 1 = 5 , 8 7 ( 5 ne d w e ma n d) Out put s P = r o duc t i v i t y I npu t s 1 , 87 5 2 = . 3 44 La bo r ho ur s 1 , 87 5 Ne w p r o c e s s = 2 . 34 4 8 00 w 5 = or k e r s 1 60 1 , 500 Cu r r e nt pr oc e s s= l a bor hou r s 1 , 50 0 = l a bor hou r s 6 4 0 2 . 344 6 40 w 4 = or k e r s 1 60
8 00
Ad o d n w e o r k e r .
1 . 1 6
( a L ) a b o c r h a n g e :
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Percent Change = 7.7%
4.29
0.02
= –20%
0.1 0.05 0.50
= 10%
1 , 50 0 1, 50 0 = ( 640 × $8 ) 5, 12 0
= . 293
1 , 87 5 0 = . 2 9 l 3 oa ve s / $ ( 8 0 $ × 0 8 ) ( b I ) n v e s t me n c h t a n g e : 1 , 50 0 1, 50 0 = ( 640 × $8 ) 5, 12 0
= . 293
1 , 8 75 1, 875 = ( 6 40 × 8) + ( 10 0) 5 , 220 ( c )
1 . 1 7
1. 15
= . 35 9
. 2 93–. 29 3 Pe r c e nt c ha n ge : . 2 93 . 3 59–. 2 93 Pe r c e nt . 2 93 2 = 2 . 5 % ( i n ve s t me n t )
1, 500 ( 6408 ) + 50 0 + ( 1, 500 0. 35 ) 1, 500 = =0. 244 6, 145 1, 875 Ne p w r o c = e s s ( 8008 ) + 50 0 + ( 1, 875 0. 35 ) 1, 875 = =0. 248 7, 556. 25 0. 248–0. 244 Pe r c e nt c ha nge = 0. 244 O l p d r o c = e s s
ADDITIONAL HOMEWORK PROBLEM pe a r s o ng l o ba l e di t i ons . c om/ he i z e r . Pr o bl e m1 . 1 8a ppe a r sa twww. my o ml ab. c o ma ndwww. 1 . 1 8
1 . 18 =
1, 500 ( 3508 + ) ( 15, 000 0. 0083 ) + ( 3, 000 0. 6) 1 , 50 0 2 , 8 00 1 24. 50 1 , 8 0 0 1 , 500 0. 31 d $ 7 o / z 4 , 72 4. 5 1 50 0 Th y i s e a r= ( 325 8 + ) ( 1 8, 000 0 . 0 08 3 + ) ( 2, 7 50 0 . 6 ) 0 . 3 4 d $ 1 o / z
0 . 34 1 0. 31 7 Pe r c e n t c ha n ge = 0. 317
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CASE STUDY NORWEGI ANSALMONPROCESSI NG F ACI LI TY, TRONDHEI M
1 .Wh a i t s h p e r o du c t i vi t y o t f h p e r o c e s s i n f g a c i l i t u y s i n g t h e qu i p me n c t u r r e n t l y i u n s e ? T h c e ur r e n m t ul t i f a c t o p r oduc t i vi 3 t i y s . 5 u 3 n i o t s ut p u p t e d r o l l a r . Wh 2 . w a t o u l t d h p e r o duc t i vi t o t y h f p e l a n b t e c ome t i h f n e e s w y s...