Organized Crime chapter 2 PDF

Preview

Summary

organized crime investigation...

Description

1

CHAPTER II Major Transnational Organized Crime Groups Transnational criminals often operate in well-organized groups, intentionally united to carry out illegal actions. Groups typically involve certain hierarchies and are headed by a powerful leader. These transnational organized crime groups work to make a profit through illegal activities. Because groups operate internationally, their activity is a threat to global security, often weakening governmental institutions or destroying legitimate business endeavors. Well-known organized crime groups include:



Russian Mafia. Around 200 Russian groups that operate in nearly 60 countries worldwide. They have been involved in racketeering, fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug trafficking, arson, robbery, and murder.



La Cosa Nostra. Known as the Italian or Italian-American mafia. The most prominent organized crime group in the world from the 1920s to the 1990s. They have been involved in violence, arson, bombings, torture, loan sharking, gambling, drug trafficking, health insurance fraud, and political and judicial corruption.



Yakuza. Japanese criminal group. Often involved in multinational criminal activities, including human trafficking, gambling, prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.



Fuk Ching. Chinese organized criminal group in the United States. They have been involved in smuggling, street violence, and human trafficking.



Triads. Underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong. They control secret markets and bus routes and are often involved in money laundering and drug trafficking.



Heijin. Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives in large corporations. They are often involved in white collar crimes, such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and sometimes run for public office.



Jao Pho. Organized crime group in Thailand. They are often involved in illegal political and business activity.



Red Wa. Gangsters from Thailand. They are involved in manufacturing and trafficking methamphetamine.



Terrorism Title 22 of the U.S. Code, Section 2656f(d) (U.S. Department of State, 2007) defines terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or

violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.”

1

Both definitions of terrorism share a common theme: the use of force intended to influence or instigate a course of action that furthers a political or social goal. In most cases, NIJ researchers adopt the FBI definition, which stresses methods over motivations and is generally accepted by law enforcement communities. Research Findings on Transnational Organized Crime Research in transnational crime seeks to measure the extent of crime, provide suggestions for allocating law enforcement, assess how illegal networks operate, and anticipate the movement of crime groups in the future. Findings from several prominent studies are described below.



Efforts to target Asian transnational organized crime in the United States should focus on human smuggling; drug production; and trafficking in women, children, and drugs, according to an NIJfunded study.



Russian organized crime groups who are actively involved in worldwide money laundering and illegal business activity can threaten the security and economic activity of the United States and other Western countries.



An NIJ-funded study suggested that law enforcement officers working with transnational crime need training that increases their awareness of the reality of the situations they will face, encourages collaboration and information sharing, provides language learning opportunities, and emphasizes a more global approach to law enforcement.



A report examining organized crime in Mexico suggested that crime groups have increased their involvement in drug trafficking and human smuggling. Increased border security in the United States has forced these groups to resort to sophisticated counter-detection measures.



Research examined the ties between organized crime and terrorism, examining what conditions make transnational crime groups turn to terrorism and vice versa. Researchers created a method for analysts to use when examining this interaction.



An NIJ-funded report found that many small criminal groups are involved in intellectual property theft as a means of profitmaking, including counterfeit and pirated products. Such illicit activity could attract terrorist groups; however, no known terrorism groups engaged in such activities. List of World Known Organized Crime Groups * Rudaj Organization

Australia * The Carlton Crew

Chile

* Honoured Society

* Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

* Moran family

* Mapuche conflict China

Albania

* Big Circle Gang

* Albanian mafia

2

* Snakehead (gang)

* List of 'ndrine

* Tiandihui

* Propaganda Due

* Triad (underground society)

* Sacra Corona Unita * Stidda

Columbia * Paramilitarism in Colombia

* Corleonesi

* Black Eagles

* Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan

* Peasant Self-Defense Forces of Córdoba and Urabá

* Greco Mafia clan * Motisi Mafia clan

* United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia Japan * Cali Cartel 

* Medellín Cartel

Yakuza

Yakuza groups * Narco submarine * Aizukotetsu-kai * Norte del Valle Cartel * Asano-gumi * North Coast Cartel * Azuma-gumi Italy * Bakuto [+] Red Brigades (8 P) * Dojin-kai * National Front (Italy) * Goda-ikka * National Vanguard (Italy) * Goto-gumi

* Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari

* Honda-kai * October 22 Group * Ichiwa-kai * Ordine Nuovo * Inagawa-kai

[+] Banda della Magliana (1 C, 1 P)

* Kantō-kai * Bandidos * Kodo-kai * Hammerskins * Kokusui-kai

* Hells Angels

* Kozakura-ikka * Mongols (motorcycle club) * Kudo-kai * Ñetas * Kyodo-kai

* Outlaws Motorcycle Club

* Kyokuryu-kai * Banda della Magliana * Kyokuto Sakurai-soke-rengokai * Camorra * Kyokuto-kai

* Mala del Brenta

* Kyosei-kai * 'Ndrangheta

3

* Matsuba-kai

Russia

* Nakano-kai

* Chechen mafia

* Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai

* Izmaylovskaya gang

* Sakaume-gumi

* Orekhovskaya gang

* Shinwa-kai (Sumiyoshi-ikka)

* Russian Business Network

* Shinwa-kai (Takamatsu)

* Solntsevskaya Bratva

* Soai-kai

* Tambov Gang

* Suishin-kai

Serbia

* Sumiyoshi-ikka

Serbian mafia

* Sumiyoshi-kai

United Kingdom

* Taishu-kai

* Turkish organised crime in Great Britain

* Takumi-gumi

* Aggi Crew

* Tekiya

* Arifs (gang)

* Toa-kai

* Clerkenwell crime syndicate

* Yamaguchi-gumi

* Irish Mob

* Yamaken-gumi

* Quality Street Gang

* Yamano-kai

* The Johnson Gang * Triads in the United Kingdom

Mexico * Beltrán-Leyva Cartel

* 14K Triad

* Colima Cartel

* Aggi Crew

* La Familia Michoacana

* The Aldington Gang

* Guadalajara Cartel

* Arifs (gang)

* Gulf Cartel

* Bandidos

* House of Death

* Birmingham Boys

* Juárez Cartel

* Blue Angels Motorcycle Club

* Angie Sanselmente Valencia

* Clerkenwell crime syndicate

* Sinaloa Cartel

* Combat 786

* Sonora Cartel

* Damned Crew

* Tijuana Cartel

* Devils Disciples

* Los Negros

* Ghetto Boys

* Los Zetas

* Gun crime in south Manchester

4

* Hammerskins

* Dinner Set Gang

* Hawkhurst Gang

* Dixie Mafia

* Hawkubites

* Lenox Avenue Gang

* Hells Angels

* Mara Salvatrucha

* Highwaymen Motorcycle Club

* Nazi Lowriders

* Lynx Gang

* Norteños

* Outlaws Motorcycle Club

* The Order (group)

* Peckham Boys

* State Line Mob

* Sun Yee On

* Three Families

* Tottenham Mandem

* Tooner Ville Rifa 13

* Warlocks Motorcycle Club

* Triad (underground society)

* Wo Shing Wo

* Westies

* Yardie

* Yakuza

* Donovan Bennett * Delroy Denton

By Ethnicity

* Eaton Green

* Aryan Brotherhood

* Jamaican Posse

* Chaldean mafia

* Kemar Jarrett

* User:Meishern/aryan brotherhood

* Joel Smith (murderer)

* Polish Mob

* Glenford Spencer

* Rudaj Organization

* Tottenham Mandem

* Russian Mafia * 14K Triad

United States * 14K Triad

* Almighty Vice Lord Nation

* 18th Street gang

* Asian Boyz (gang)

* American Mafia

* Bandidos

* Armenian Power

* Black Disciples

* Barrow Gang

* Black Dragons (gang)

* Benson Syndicate

* Black P. Stones

* Black Tuna Gang

* The Breed Motorcycle Club

* Cornbread mafia

* Brother Speed

* The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord

* Chaldean mafia

5

* Chicago Gaylords

* Ñetas

* D.C. Blacks

* Outlaws Motorcycle Club

* Devils Diciples

* Pagans Motorcycle Club

* Diablos

* Sex Money Murda

* Dominicans Don't Play

* Simon City Royals

* Dotbusters

* Solo Angeles

* Four Corner Hustlers

* Sons of Silence

* Free Souls Motorcycle Club

* Spanish Gangster Disciples

* Freight Train Riders of America

* The Stopwatch Gang

* Friends Stand United

* Vagos Motorcycle Club

* Fullerton Boys

* Warlocks Motorcycle Club

* Grim Reapers MC

Asia

* Gypsy Joker Motorcycle Club

* Binh Xuyen

* Hammerskins

* D-Company

* Hells Angels

* Indian mafia

* Hidden Valley Kings

* Kala Kaccha Gang

* Highwaymen Motorcycle Club

* Kuratong baleleng

* Iron Horsemen

* Noorzai Organization

* LVM Gang

* Punjabi Mafia

* La Raza Nation

* Super Free

* Latin Eagles

* Thuggee

* Latin Kings (gang)

* Triad (underground society)

* Mickey Cobras

* Yakuza

* Mongols (motorcycle club)

6...