Pain Management Attendance Questions PDF

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Pain Management Attendance Questions Name College of Nursing, Resurrection University NUR 4225 Pediatric Nursing Dr. Gretchen LaCivita January 11, 2021

1. Describe the 5 different pain scales utilized for children and identify the defining characteristics of each scale. Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale provides three scales in one: facial expressions, numbers, and words. It depicts gradual increments of pain from 0-10. It can be used with children as young as 3 years old [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ]. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assess pain for children as young as 3 years old. The scale is a line containing the words “No pain” at one end and “Worst pain” at the other end with tally marks in between. Children are asked to point at their level of pain. Scale goes from 0-10 [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ]. Oucher is a scale that rates the pain from 0-10. It consists of six photographs of a child in a vertical arrangement expressing different levels of pain. This scale can be used on children who can count out loud and name six geometric shapes [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ]. FLACC Pain Assessment Tool is an interval scale containing five categories of behavior: Facial expression, Leg movement, Activity, Cry and Consolability. Each behavior is rated on a scale of 0-10. It is used from 2 months to 7 years old[ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ]. Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) contains body outlines for pain assessment. It measures pain location, intensity and quality. The patient colors in the areas where they have pain, making the marks as big or as small in the area where they feel pain. This scale is used in children from ages 8-15 [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ].

2. What is Complementary Pain Management and how is it used in the pediatric population? Complementary Pain Management are non-pharmacologic therapies that can be biologically based, energy, mind-body techniques, alternative medicine, or body manipulative treatments. Biophysical interventions in pediatrics include nonnutritive sucrose suckling, heat and cold applications, massage, pressure and skin-to-skin contact [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ]. 3. Explain the difference between non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies for managing pain in the pediatric patient. Describe examples of each strategy. Non-pharmacologic therapies for pain management do not involve drug administration, while pharmacologic strategies use drugs to manage pain. Examples of non-pharmacologic strategies include relaxation, distraction, guided imagery and massage. Pharmacologic interventions for pain include opioid and non-opioid analgesics, PCAs, epidurals and hypnotics [ CITATION Den20 \l 1033 ]. 4. Describe 5 different consequences to unmanaged pain in infants. Unrelieved pain may lead to potential long-term physiologic, psychosocial, and behavioral consequences. Acute consequences in infants include higher morbidity of neonatal ICU patients, prolonged response to pain, inappropriate innervation of the spinal cord, lower pain threshold and prolonged hyperglycemia [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ].

5. How would you monitor for side effects from pharmacologic pain management? What is the most significant side effect and why? Monitor for pharmacologic side effects such as constipation, pruritus, respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting. Monitor vital signs, bowel sounds, pulse oximetry, patent airway, level of consciousness, and responsiveness. Respiratory depression is the most significant side effect of pharmacologic pain management because it can cause respiratory arrest and death [ CITATION Hoc17 \l 1033 ].

References Dennis, K., Introduction to Pediatrics [PowerPoint slides with audio lecture]. 2020. Hockenberry, M., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2017). Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing (10 ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier....