Pathways 2nd Edition Unit 5 PDF

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Libro de ingles phathways segunda parte, quinta edición para nivel 5...

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2

Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking

BECKY TARVER CHASE

S E CO N D EDITION

ON THE COVER

2 S E CO N D EDITION

Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking

BECKY TARVER CHASE

Pathways 2: Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking, 2nd Edition Becky Tarver Chase Publisher: Sherrise Roehr Executive Editor: Laura Le Dréan Managing Editor: Jennifer Monaghan Senior Development Editor: Mary Whittemore

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Contents

Scope and Sequence iv Introduction to Pathways viii

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 \

HealtHy lives

1

tecHnology today and tomorrow 21 culture and tradition 41 a tHirsty world

61

inside tHe Brain 81 let’s eat! 101 our active eartH 121 wonders from tHe Past sPecies survival

141

161

entrePreneurs and innovators 181 Independent Student Handbook 201 Vocabulary Index 216 Rubrics 218 Index of Exam Skills and Tasks 227

Scope and Sequence Unit Title & Theme

Listenings & Video

Listening & Note Taking

1

Lesson A A Talk about Preventing Heart disease (with slide show)

Phrases

page 1

video

HealtHy lives ACAdemiC TrACk:

Health Science

Bee Therapy Lesson B A Conversation about Allergies

2

Lesson A A radio Show about Ai

page 21

Can robots Learn to Be more Human? Lesson B A Conversation about Technology

tecHnology today and tomorrow ACAdemiC TrACk:

Technology

3

culture and tradition page 41 ACAdemiC TrACk:

Sociology

details

video

Lesson A A Lecture about Cowboys (with slide show)

Listening

video

Faces of india Lesson B An Assignment about music

4

Lesson A A Talk about the itaipu dam (with slide show)

page 61

video

a tHirsty world

and Solutions

environmental Science

dam-release rafting Lesson B A discussion about the Ogallala Aquifer

5

Lesson A A Podcast about exercise and the Brain (with slide show)

explanations

page 81

video

Process

ACAdemiC TrACk:

inside tHe Brain ACAdemiC TrACk:

Psychology

iv

A C A D EM I C S K I L L S

3-d Brain Scans Lesson B A discussion about memory, Learning, and emotions

Speaking & Presentation

Lesson Task Presenting Healthy Habits Final Task Participating in a discussion about Health

Vocabulary

Grammar & Pronunciation

Understanding meaning from Context

Frequency

Verbs

Lesson Task discussing Self-driving Cars Final Task Presenting a New Technology Product

Focus Synthesizing Analyzing, Brainstorming, evaluating, interpreting a Bar Graph, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, Prior knowledge, reflecting

keeping a Vocabulary Journal

Focus Activating Prior knowledge Words Analyzing, Brainstorming, making inferences, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, reflecting

recognizing Suffixes

Focus Prioritizing Stress

Lesson Task Presenting a Clean Waterdevice Final Task role-Playing a meeting

Analyzing, Applying, evaluating, interpreting a map, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, Predicting, Prior knowledge

Using Context Clues Lesson Task discussing Problems andSolutions Final Task Planning a Presentation about the HumanBrain

Focus interpreting Visuals Analyzing, Applying, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, Predicting, Prior knowledge, reflecting

Using Collocations

Lesson Task exchanging information about Cowboys Final Task Presenting a kind of music

Critical Thinking

Focus identifying Solutions Analyzing, Applying, evaluating, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, Predicting, reflecting

v

Scope and Sequence Unit Title & Theme

Listenings & Video

Listening & Note Taking

6

Lesson A A Presentation about the korean diet (with slide show)

data

page 101

video

Take Notes

let’s eat! Health & Nutrition

The Food and Culture of Oaxaca Lesson B A discussion about Food Psychology

7

Lesson A An earth Science Lecture (with slide show)

page 121

video

ACAdemiC TrACk:

our active eartH ACAdemiC TrACk:

earth Science

8

wonders from tHe Past page 141 ACAdemiC TrACk:

Archaeology/Anthropology

Notes

Volcano Trek Lesson B A discussion about Volcanoes

Lesson A A Guided Tour of Uxmal video

Sarah Parcak: Space Archaeologist and egyptologist Lesson B A Conversation about an Assignment

9

Lesson A A Talk about Birds (with slide show)

page 161 Life Science

Amazing Chameleons Lesson B A Conversation about a Photo Project

10

Lesson A A Presentation about a Success Story (with slide show)

Opinions

video

Your Notes

sPecies survival ACAdemiC TrACk:

entrePreneurs and innovators page 181 ACAdemiC TrACk:

Business

vi

A C A D EM I C S K I L L S

Words

video

eco-Fuel Africa Lesson B A Conversation about Jack Andraka

Speaking & Presentation a Topic

Vocabulary

Grammar & Pronunciation

recognizing Parts of Speech

Present and Future Unfinished Sentences

Lesson Task Participating in a Group discussion Final Task Presenting a marketing Plan

Using Affect and Effect Lesson Task interviewing a Partner about an experience Final Task Giving a Presentation about a Natural disaster

and Objects Syllable Stress review

Using Antonyms

the Past

Lesson Task Presenting Ancient Artifacts Final Task Giving a Presentation about a Historical Site

Lesson Task Presenting a Life Lesson Final Task Presenting a research Proposal

Lesson Task interpreting Quotations Final Task Presenting a New Product

Critical Thinking Focus evaluating Analyzing, Brainstorming, evaluating, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, Predicting, Prior knowledge

Focus Predicting exam Questions Analyzing, Applying, evaluating, interpreting a diagram, interpreting a map, making inferences, Organizing ideas, Prior knowledge, reflecting

Focus Applying knowledge Analyzing, Applying, Brainstorming, evaluating, making inferences, Organizing ideas, Prior knowledge, reflecting

identifying the Correct definition

Focus Personalizing Words Analyzing, Organizing ideas, Prior knowledge

recognizing Adjectives and Adverbs

Signal Words Purpose

Focus interpreting data Analyzing, Brainstorming, interpreting Quotations, Organizing ideas, Personalizing, Prior knowledge, ranking, reflecting

vii

introduction to Pathways Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking, Second Edition uses compelling National Geographic stories, photos, video, and infographics to bring the world to the classroom. Authentic, relevant content and carefully sequenced lessons engage learners while equipping them with the skills needed for academic success. Explore the Theme provides a visual introduction to the unit, engaging learners academically and encouraging them to share ideas about the unit theme.

C

L I S T E N I N g fo R 3.18 Listen to the conversation again. Which of these points do the speakers make? Choose Y for Yes or N for No for each statement. DET A ILS

1. Sartore is publishing more photos now than he used to.

Y

2. Sartore’s photographic techniques require natural light.

Y

N

3. Sartore can’t possibly photograph every animal species.

Y

N

4. Sartore’s photo of a bird helped wildlife groups get more money from the government.

Y

N

N

NEW Integrated listening and speaking activities help prepare students for standardized tests such as IELTS and TOEFL.

UPDATED Video sections use relevant National Geographic video clips to give learners another perspective on the unit theme and further practice of listening and critical thinking skills. viii

Listening Skills A

V O C A B U L A R Y S K I L L Understanding Meaning from Context It’s often possible to guess the meaning of a new word by paying attention to the other information around it, or the context. For example, in this excerpt from exercise A, if you don’t know the word reaction, knowing that sneezing, itching, and breathing problems are examples of reactions can help you guess its meaning.

Listening A Podcast about Exercise and the Brain BE F o r E Li S T E Ni NG P R E DI CT I N g A

When this occurs, the mast cell produces substances in the body that cause allergic reactions such as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems.

. Work with a partner. You are going to listen to a podcast about the effects of exercise on the human brain. Which of these topics do you expect to hear about? Check ( P) your ideas. brain surgery

intelligence

food/taste

m em ory

learning

neurons

m ood

NEW Vocabulary Skills help students develop essential word building tools such as understanding collocations, word forms, and connotation.

W hiLE Li S T E NiN G L I ST E N I N g fo R B M A I N I DE A S

.

2.3

.8

Listen to the podcast. Choose the correct answers. a man and wo man ride

1. According to the podcast, which two positive effects does exercise have on the brain? a. It helps reduce stress. c. It im proves your m ood. b. It m akes your brain larger. d. It m akes you sm arter. 2. BDNF is a chem ical produced by the brain

mo unt ain b ikes o n adam's gulc h t rail in Ket chum, idaho , usa.

e. It repairs brain cells.

. C

a. when we learn som ething new b. when our brain creates new neurons and pathways c. after we exercise

.

2.3 Listen again and match each idea with the correct reason or explanation.

ideas 1. Exercise m akes it easier to learn because

3. BDNF controls

.

a. processes in the brain

b. blood flow in the brain

c. heart rate and breathing

.

4. Aaron Flem ing will probably continue to exercise regularly because L I S T E N I N G S K I L L Listening for Reasons and Explanations Speakers often give reasons and explanations to support their ideas. Listening for reasons and explanations will help you decide whether the speaker's ideas are valid and well thought out. Speakers som etim es use signal phrases before giving an explanation. Here are som e com m on signal phrases: The reason for this . . . To explain, . . . Let me explain. That’s because . . .

L I ST E N I N g fo R DETA I L S

.

2. Doing things repeatedly is a way to learn because 3. BDNF supports learning because .

.

reasons and Explanat ions

Listening passages incorporate a variety of listening types such as podcasts, lectures, interviews, and conversations.

a. it controls processes like the growth of new neurons b. it creates new connections in the brain c. he wants to keep his brain fit d. your body produces a certain chem ical afterwards

Scientists learned recently that exercise makes you smarter . . . That’s because for some time after you’ve exercised, your body produces a chemical that actually makes it easier for your brain to learn.

AFT E r L iS T E NiN G D

. Work in a group. Discuss these questions.

C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N g: R E f L E CT I N g

1. What new inform ation did you learn from the podcast? Do you have any questions about it? 2. Based on your own experience, do you agree that exercise im proves your m ood? Explain. 3. Where and when do you prefer to study? What helps you learn and rem em ber things? 4. Do you plan to change your exercise or study habits based on the podcast? Explain. 86

UNiT 5

L ESSO N A

A

INSIDE THE BRA IN

87

NEW Slide shows for selected listening passages integrate text and visuals to give learners a more authentic listening experience.

Listening A Talk about the Itaipu Dam

the itaipu dam , on the border bet ween Brazil and Paraguay, was built across the Paraná r iver.

Brazil

BEForE LIST ENING

Paraguay Itaipu Dam

PRIo R K N o WLE D g E

A

Work with a partner. Look at the map and photo, and 1. What do you know about Brazil and Paraguay? Have or read news stories about them? 2. The photo shows the Paraná River behind the Itaipu dam such as this does?

WHILE LIST ENING L I S T E N I N g fo R M A I N IDE A S

B

1.28

.6 Listen to a talk and check (P) the main idea.

The Itaipu Dam is one of the largest dams in the world. Building the Itaipu Dam forced many families to leave their land. The Itaipu Dam is good for the economies of Brazil and Paraguay.

UPDATED Explicit listening skill instruction and practice prepares students to listen and take notes in academic settings.

There are both benefits and problems with the Itaipu Dam. N O T E - T A K I N G S K I L L Using a T-Chart Using a T-char t is a helpful way to take notes on two aspects of a topic such as benefits and problems, advantages and disadvantages, or facts and opinions. Having your notes organized in a T-chart is also helpful when you need to review or study the information later. Farming Problems

Benefits

L I S T E N I N G S K I L L Listening for Examples 66

UNiT 4

Listening for examples can help you better understand a speaker’s main ideas. Here are some common expressions used to introduce examples: For example,… For instance,… To give an example,… such as…

L E SSO N A

Artifacts such as large jars for storing grains helped archaeologists locate the kitchen areas in the ancient city. NO T E - T A KING S K IL L Recording Examples When you record an example, write it near the main idea it supports, and use a clear abbreviation or symbol before the example. One easy way to do this is to indent the example under the main idea and use e.g., or ex: to indicate the example.

WH I LE LI ST EN I N G S T E NI Ng f o R M A I N ID E A S

B

1.28

.6

Listen to a talk and check (P ) the main idea.

The Itaipu Dam is one of the largest dams in the world. Building the Itaipu Dam forced many families to leave their land. The Itaipu Dam is good for the economies of Brazil and Paraguay. There are both benefits and problems with the Itaipu Dam.

Old objects show how people lived in past. e.g., a plate (how made; preference for plain or colorful) C

.

3.7 Look at the notes below for three key ideas from the conversation. Then listen N o T E TA K I N g again and take notes on the examples you hear for each key idea. Use indentation and e.g,. or ex: to indicate each example.

1. Ruins found at hist. site in Hanoi, Vietnam

N O T E - TA K I N G S K I L L Using a T-Chart Using a T-chart is a helpful way to take notes on t wo aspects of a topic such as benefits and problems, advantages and disadvantages, or facts and opinions. Having your notes organized in a T-chart is also helpful when you need to review or study the information later.

3. Archaeologists found many artifacts at site

Farming Benefits

Problems

produces food

requires a lot of water

ix

Speaking and Presentation Skills Speaking lessons guide learners from controlled practice to a final speaking task while reinforcing speaking skills, grammar for speaking, and key pronunciation points.

L eS So n T A SK Discussing Self-Driving Cars A

Work in a group. Read the information about self-driving cars. Then discuss the questions below. SeLf-dri Ving c A rS Many new cars are already offering automation. Examples include automatic parallel parking, automatic braking in emergencies, and lane-assist warnings to tell drivers if their car crosses a solid line on the road. Now, companies are testing completely automatic cars that don’t require a driver. These cars are expected to become popular in some parts of the world in the near future.

1. Have you ever read about self-driving cars, or have you seen one? Is the idea of self-driving cars interesting to you? Explain. 2. W...