PCN-100-RS-T4Addiction Screening Assessment Tool Chart (1) PDF

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Topic 4 assignment...

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Topic 4: Addiction Screening and Assessment Tools Chart Directions:Compete the following chart. An example has been provided for you in the first row. Include in-text citations in the table as well as a GCU-style reference listing below. A minimum of two to three scholarly references should be included per tool. Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

CAGE Questionnaire A brief 4 item, widely used questionnaire designed to assess alcohol use. CAGE is acronym for: C=Cut down A=Annoyed G=Guilty E=Eye opener

Paper and pen or orally administered Takes less than 1 minute, Yes or No response Typically administered by health care professional or clinician and is client’s self- report, scored by tester CAGE Questionnaire-4 questions 1. Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking? 2.

Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?

3.

Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?

4.

Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover (Eye opener)?

Scoring: Item responses on the CAGE are scored as 0 or 1. A higher score is an indication of alcohol problems. A total score of 2 or greater is considered to be clinically significant (Ewing, 1984; NIAAA, 2002)

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Often used in medical settings

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Several adaptations of tool available for use including computerized and self- administered versions.

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Free, in public domain and translated into many languages

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Not used to assess for drugs but adapted CAGEAID questionnaire can be used for drug use.

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Best use is in adult populations

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Criticism of the CAGE- not gender-sensitive. Women who are problem drinkers less likely to screen positive than men.

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It identifies alcohol-dependent persons, but may not identify binge drinkers.

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CAGE asks about "lifetime" experience rather than current drinking. A person who no longer drinks may screen positive unless the clinician directs the questions to focus on a more current time frame (ADAI, 2016).

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

DRUG ABUSE SCREENING TEST (DAST) DAST 20 Questionnaire 10 items D=Drug A=Abuse S=Screening T=Test

Paper and pencil self-administered or orally administered Time required: 2 minutes Administered by professional or technician

Where: It can be used in primary care and several other settings. Specific population: adults and adolescents Often used in medical settings

A total score of 3 or more indicates the need for further assessment Questions: 1.) Have you used drugs other than those required for medical reasons? 2.) Do you abuse more than one drug at a time? 3.) Are you always able to stop using drugs when you want to? (If never use drugs, answer “Yes.” 4.) Have you had "blackouts" or "flashbacks" as a result of drug use? 5.) Do you ever feel bad or guilty about © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

your drug use? If never use drugs, choose “No.” 6.) Does your spouse (or parents) ever complain about your involvement with drugs? 7.) Have you neglected your family because of your use of drugs? 8.) Have you engaged in illegal activities in order to obtain drugs? 9.) Have you ever experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped taking drugs? 10.) Have you had medical problems as a result of your drug use (e.g., memory loss, hepatitis, convulsions, bleeding, etc.)? Patients receive 1 point for every "yes" © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

answer with the exception of question #3, for which a "no" answer receives 1 point. DRUG ABUSE SCREENING TEST (Adolescent Version) DAST Questionnaire 20 items D=Drug A=Abuse S=Screening T=Test

Typically administered by: A clinician or self-administered Questions: 1.) Have you used drugs other than those required for medical reasons? 2.) Have you abused prescription drugs? 3.) Do you abuse more than one drug at a time? 4.) Can you get through the week without using drugs? 5.) Are you always able to stop using drugs when you want to? 6.) Have you had “blackouts” or “flashbacks” as a result of drug use? 7.) Do you ever feel bad or guilty about your drug use? 8.) Does your spouse (or parents) ever complain about your involvement with drugs? 9.) Has drug abuse created problems between you and your spouse or

Where: It can be used in primary care and several other settings. Specific Population: Adolescents

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

your parents? 10.) Have you lost friends because of your use of drugs? 11.) Have you neglected your family because of your use of drugs? 12.) Have you been in trouble at work (or school) because of drug abuse? 13.) Have you lost your job because of drug abuse? 14.) Have you gotten into fights when under the influence of drugs? 15.) Have you engaged in illegal activities in order to obtain drugs? 16.) Have you been arrested for possession of illegal drugs? 17.) Have you ever experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped taking drugs? 18.) Have you had medical problems as a result of your drug use? (e.g. memory loss, hepatitis, convulsions, bleeding, etc.) 19.) Have you gone to anyone for help © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

for a drug problem? 20.) Have you been involved in a treatment programmed specifically related Yes No to drug use? Scoring: “Score 1 point for each question answered ''yes,'' except for Questions 4 and 5, for which a ''no” receives 1 point” The CRAFFT is a six-item screen for both alcohol and drug use among adolescents. CRAFFT stands for the key words of the 6 items in the second section of the assessment C=Car R=Relax A=Alone F=Forget F=Friends T=Trouble vocational functioning, and arrests).

Paper-and-pencil self-administered or orally administered Scored by tester Six questions: yes or no answers Part A 1.) Drink any alcohol (more than a few sips)? (Do not count sips of alcohol taken during family or religious events.) 2.) Smoke any marijuana or hashish? 3.) Use anything else to get high? (“anything else” includes illegal drugs, over the counter and prescription drugs, and things that you sniff or “huff”) Part B

screens for both alcohol and drug problems but focuses more on risky drinking than on diagnosing abuse or dependence Specific Population: adolescent

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

1.) Have you ever ridden in a CAR driven by someone (including yourself) who was “high” or had been using alcohol or drugs? 2.) Do you ever use alcohol or drugs to RELAX, feel better about yourself, or fit in? 3.) Do you ever use alcohol or drugs while you are by yourself, or ALONE? 4.) Do you ever FORGET things you did while using alcohol or drugs? 5.) Does your FAMILY or FRIENDS ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking or drug use? 6.) Have you ever gotten into TROUBLE while you were using alcohol or drugs? Scoring: “Each “yes” response in Part B scores 1 point. A total score of 2 or higher is a positive screen, indicating a need for additional assessment”. 4. NIDA Quick Screen Tool

Tool: Questionnaire that determines

When: Screening for Drug Use

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

N=National I=Institute on D=Drug A=Abuse

substance use Typically administered by: A clinician. Questions: Step 1: ASK about past year drug use Step 2: Begin the NIDA-Modified ASSIST Step 3: Determine risk level Scoring: “Lower risk: 0-3 Moderate Risk: 4-26 High Risk: 27 and greater”.

General medical settings (online) The NIDA Quick Screen and NIDAmodified ASSIST are appropriate for patients age 18 or older. You may deliver it as an interview and record patient responses, or read the questions aloud and have the patient fill out responses on a written questionnaire. It is recommended that the person administering the screening review the sample script to introduce the screening process.

5. The Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) is a brief, self-report screening tool designed for use with adult patients in primary care settings to assess risk for opioid abuse among individuals prescribed opioids for treatment of chronic pain. O=Opiod R=Risk T=Tool

The ORT can be administered and scored in less than 1 minute Question:

This tool should be administered to patients upon an initial visit prior to beginning opioid therapy for pain management.

• Family history of substance abuse? (Alcohol, Illegal drugs, Rx drugs) • Personal history of substance abuse? (Alcohol, Illegal drugs, Rx drugs) • Age between 16—45 years? • History of preadolescent sexual abuse?

Validated in both male and female patients, but not in non-pain populations

© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Addiction Assessment Tool

Tool Description

Appropriateness of Use

Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal)

Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information

When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.)

• Psychological disease? (ADD, OCD, bipolar, schizophrenia, Depression) Scoring: “A score of 3 or lower indicates low risk for future opioid abuse, a score of 4 to 7 indicates moderate risk for opioid abuse, and a score of 8 or higher indicates a high risk for opioid abuse”.

References NI DA.( 2012) .Resour ceGui de:Scr eeni ngf orDr ugUsei nGener alMedi calSet t i ngs.Ret r i evedf r om ht t ps: / / ar chi ves. dr ugabuse. gov/ publ i cat i ons/ r esour cegui descr eeni ngdr ugusei ngener al medi cal set t i ngson2020,Oct ober3

Villalobos-Gallegos, L., Pérez-López, A., Mendoza-Hassey, R., Graue-Moreno, J., & Marín-Navarrete, R. (2015). Psychometric and diagnostic properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST): Comparing the DAST-20 vs. the DAST-10 / Propiedades psicométricas y diagnósticas del Cuestionario de Abuso de Drogas (CAD): Comparación del CAD-20 vs. el CAD-10. Salud Mental, 38(2), 89–94. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=edssci&AN=edssci.S0185.33252015000200002&site=eds-live&scope=site Webster LR, Webster R (2005). Predicting aberrant behaviors in Opioid‐ treated patients: preliminary validation of the Opioid risk too. Pain Med.; 6 (6) : 432 © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/opioidrisktool.pdf

https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidame d-medical-health-professionals/toolresources-your-practice/screeningassessment-drug-testingresources/chart-evidence-basedscreening-tools-adults https

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https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidame d-medical-health-professionals/toolresources-your-practice/screeningassessment-drug-testingresources/chart-evidence-basedscreening-tools-adults https https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidame d-medical-health-professionals/tool© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

resources-your-practice/screeningassessment-drug-testingresources/chart-evidence-basedscreening-tools-adults https https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidame d-medical-health-professionals/toolresources-your-practice/screeningassessment-drug-testing© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

resources/chart-evidence-basedscreening-tools-adults https https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidame d-medical-health-professionals/toolresources-your-practice/screeningassessment-drug-testingresources/chart-evidence-basedscreening-tools-adults © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

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