Performance Assessment: Educational Psychology and Development of Children and Adolescents - DJM2 PDF

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This unfortunately wasn't a pass it required some expounding upon, but it will definitely get you on your way....

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Elementary School: Video #9 Regarding the students’ physical development, the students in the video are in early childhood. “Through his observations of his children, Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages” (Cherry), and according to his theory these children are in the “preoperational stage” as this stage is said is said to include children between the ages 2-7 years old and the students in this class are 5-7 years old. This is a Kindergarten classroom. There are 20 students between the ages of 5-7 years old. Of these 20 students 10 are boys and 10 are girls. The demographics of this class include 3 students who are of Hispanic descent and speak English as a second language (ESL), and many of the other students have backgrounds from small rural areas. The students’ abilities range from high to low. These students are extroverted and seem to enjoy class discussions about what it is they are learning in the class. Those 3 students who are ESL students require English Language Learner services every day for 30 minutes. 2 other students receive speech and language services 3 times a week for 30 minutes. 1 student receives Title l Reading Services 5 days a week for 30 minutes. Another student has been diagnosed as autistic, that student receives primary services every day for 30 minutes through Exceptional Children in addition to occupational therapy which she receives l day a week for 30 minutes. And lastly, due to a heart condition, 1other child qualifies for accommodations through his 504 Plan. His plan allows him to be absent on days where he is scheduled for a doctor’s appointment. He is also entitled to get water as needed, and to avoid strenuous physical activities where his peers are required to participate.

The teacher’s approach is very much in line with Constructivism Learning Theory. When the teacher was engaging her class in dialogue regarding a video they saw, she asked her students if any of them had any previous experience with bubbles (the video contained a scene where children were blowing bubbles) and this enabled her students to correlate their previous experience with bubbles with what they had seen and learned in the video. According to our sources on the WGU blog The Five Educational Learning Theories: “students take what they are being taught and add it to their previous experience” (Western Governors University).

Middle School: Video #238 Regarding the students’ physical development, the students in the video are in their adolescence. According to Piaget’s theory these children are both in the “concrete operational stage” and the “formal operation stage” as the children in the class are 11 and 12 years of age, and according to Piaget children between the ages of 7-11 years of age are in the “concrete operational stage” and children ages 12 and up are in the “formal operation stage”. This is a 6th grade class consisting of 18 students. Of those 18 students 16 are of Hispanic background and the other 3 are Caucasian. Two students are English Language Learners (ELL) who have very limited English reading and writing skills. Two students use strategies to self soothe during class to stay focused. One student usually draws or scratches things. Another student usually completes their assignments with a pen and never uses a pencil. In addition, three other students receive special education services. And lastly, in the class are two students who are in the gifted program at school.

The teacher’s approach is very much in line with the Cognitive Learning Theory. The teacher addresses why one student would think that ½ is equal to ½ . The teacher explains that the reason the student has reached that conclusion is because he cannot find any logical examples as to why it would not. As stated in our reading, “…as students understand how their thinking impacts their learning and behavior, they are able to have more control over it” (Western Governors University). In addition, the teacher is also allowing his allowing his students to think out loud when he engages them in class dialogue which again is pulled from the theory of cognitive learning.

Highschool: Video #1903 Regarding the students’ physical development, the students in the video are both in their adolescence and into adulthood as the students in the class are between the ages of 16-19 years of age. According to Piaget’s theory these children are in the “formal operational stage” as it is stated that students in this stage are age 12 years and up, and as stated earlier the students in this class are between the ages of 16-19 years of age. It seems this class might be a mix of seniors (grade 12) and students in earlier grades such as sophomores (grade 10) and juniors (grade 11) as the commentary on this video states: “Twelve of the 29 students were seniors required to pass for graduation” (About Atlas). As stated in the video commentary there were 29 students. This class was culturally diverse as 45% of the students were black, 24% of the students Hispanic and 31% of the students were white. There were two students identified as English language learners. Many students had not been successful in a general education environment, and so were hesitant

when it came to contributing during class, or had a lower motivation for what they saw as difficult went it came to academics. The teacher’s approach is very much in line with the Constructivism Learning Theory. During a class discussion the teacher asks his students to recall their experience and findings that they encounter during their experiments. One student recalled how he took one bulb out of a string of Christmas lights that all the other bulbs did not work, and another student recalled plugging in too many plugs into the wall in an area of his house and his breaker going out. This is all in part to help them correlate their experiences with what it was they were studying in the science class about circuits and bulbs. As stated in our WGU blog: “teacher in constructivist classrooms act as more of a guide to helping students create their own process and reality based on their own past” (Western Governors University).

Students with Unique Needs: Video #729 Regarding the student’s physical development, the student in the video is in middle childhood as he is 9 years old and children in the middle childhood stage around between the ages of 6-10 years old. According Piaget’s theory the student is in the “concrete operate stage” as Piaget states that children between the ages of 7-11 years of age should be in this stage. As one might assume there is only one student in this class. The sole student in this class is named Gabe in the third grade. Gabe’s primary language is English. Gabe was referred for special education services when he was only in the first grade. He has a medical condition called Carnitine Deficiency and sensory processing disorder. He lacks muscle tone and as a result he fatigues easy and has a hard time focusing on and completing his classwork. Gabe’s interests motivate him to

learn and make learning fun for him. Some of those interests are the presidents of the United States. In addition, Gabe is also very motivated by the attention he gets from his teacher. The teacher’s approach in this video is very much in line with Humanism Learning Theory. As stated in the WGU blog The Five Educational Learning Theories, “educators can help fulfill students’ emotional and physical needs, giving them a safe and comfortable place to learn…”. The teacher makes it a priority for Gabe to have an environment that is conducive to his academic progress. “There are areas of teaching context which have influenced this instruction. I want him to be able to have the appropriate reading materials and an opportunity to have a quiet, uninterrupted reading lesson where he can maximize his progress” (About Atlas).

Sources:

.Cherry, K. (2020, March 31). What are Piaget's four stages of development? Retrieved February 20, 2021, from https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development2795457 .Western Governors University. “The Five Educational Learning Theories.” Western Governors University, Western Governors University, 1 June 2020, www.wgu.edu/blog/fiveeducational-learning-theories2005.html. . “About ATLAS.” ATLAS, atlas.nbpts.org/cases/1903/. . “About ATLAS.” ATLAS, atlas.nbpts.org/cases/729/....