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Macie Grimes Professor Duszynski February 9, 2018 PERIE Using the PERIE process to address the issue of neural tube defects which lead to the discovery of folic acid. 

What is the health problem? o Neural tube defects (NTDs) are abnormalities that occur in the brain, spine or spinal column of a developing embryo (NICHD, 2017). Babies with NTD can have many health problems later in life such as paralysis and bowel and bladder problems (CDC, 2009). Children who have NTD live with the affects for the rest of their life.

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What are the contributory causes? o Any woman who is capable of becoming pregnant is at risk to have a child with NTD. But CDC states that there are several risk factors known such as previous NTD pregnancy, mothers who are diabetic, uses of anti-seizure medication, diagnosed obesity, exposure to high temperature while pregnant, race or ethnicity, or low socio-economic status.

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What works to reduce the health impacts? o In 1922, the U.S. Public Health Service stated that all women who are capable of having children should take the recommended dose of folic acid each day to reduce having a NTD-affected pregnancy (CDC, 2009). Folic acid is a watersoluble vitamin known as B12 (Genetics, 1999).

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How can we get the job done? o Women should be consuming folic acid every day, especially months before pregnancy. Folic acid can be taken in vitamin form, eaten in many cereals, or in bread, pasta, rice or other foods rich in folate (CDC, 2009).

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How well does the intervention work? o Studies show that eating the recommended dose of folate each day may reduce the chance of having a NTD-affected pregnancy (CDC, 2009). But it will only work if they take 100% of the recommended amount. Many doctors encourage women to consume folate each day.

References Committee on Genetics. (1999). Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics,104. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/104/2/325.

Centers for Disease Control. (2009). Preventing Neural Tube Birth Defects: A Prevention Model and Resource Guide [PDF Document]. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/orders/pdfs/09_202063-A_Nash_Neural%20Tube%20BD %20Guide%20FINAL508.pdf.

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2017). Neural Tube Defects (NTDs). National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/ntds....