Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV) & Actual Cost (AC) in Project Cost Management PM Study Circle PDF

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2/2/2021

Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV) & Actual Cost (AC) in Project Cost Management | PM Study Circle

Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV) & Actual Cost (AC) in Project Cost Management January 28, 2021 Fahad Usmani

I have discussedearned value managementin my previous blog post in detail and also provided a short brief of its three elements:Planned Value (PV),Actual Cost (AC), andEarned Value (EV). We are going to look at these elements in detail. From this point onward, you’re going to see mathematical calculations. Therefore, I request you go through every step thoroughly. If you miss any step or don’t understand the concept, further calculations will be very dicult for you and you may have problems with understanding more advanced cost management concepts. Therefore, understand the concepts well before proceeding further. The calculations for nding Planned Value, Earned Value, and Actual Cost are simple, and once you understand them, the rest will be simple. Although I’m going to explain them thoroughly, I suggest you obtain a good PMP examreference bookfor further reading and practice questions.

Planned Value (PV) This is the rst element ofearned value management. Planned Value is the approved value of the work to be completed in a given time. It is the valuethat you should have been earnedas per the schedule. As per the PMBOK Guide, “Planned Value (PV) is the authorized budget assigned to work to be accomplished for an activity or WBS component.” You calculate Planned Value before actually doing the work, which also serves as a baseline. Total Planned Value for the project is known as Budget at Completion (BAC). Planned Value is also referred to as Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS). https://pmstudycircle.com/2012/05/planned-value-pv-earned-value-ev-actual-cost-ac-analysis-in-project-cost-management-2/

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Formula for Planned Value (PV) The formula to calculate Planned Value is simple. Take the planned percentage of the completed work and multiply it by the project budget and you will get Planned Value. Planned Value = (Planned % Complete) X (BAC)

Example of Planned Value (PV) You have a project to be completed in 12 months. The budget of the project is 100,000 USD. Six months have passed and the schedule says that 50% of the work should be completed. What is the project’s Planned Value (PV)? Given in this question. Project duration: 12 months Project cost (BAC): 100,000 USD Time elapsed: 6 months Percent complete: 50% (as per the schedule) Planned Value is the value of the work that should have been completed so far (as per the schedule). In this case, we should have completed 50% of the total work.

Planned Value = 50% of the value of the total work = 50% of BAC = 50% of 100,000 = (50/100) X 100,000 = 50,000 USD Therefore, the project’s Planned Value (PV) is 50,000 USD.

Application of Planned Value (PV) Planned Value is used to calculate Schedule Variance and Schedule Performance Index.

Actual Cost (AC) This is the second element of earned value management. Actual Cost is the total cost incurred for the actual work completed to date. Simply put, it is the amount of money you have spent to date. As per the PMBOK Guide, “Actual Cost (AC) is the total cost actually incurred in accomplishing work performed for an activity or WBS component.” https://pmstudycircle.com/2012/05/planned-value-pv-earned-value-ev-actual-cost-ac-analysis-in-project-cost-management-2/

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Actual Cost is also known as Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP).

Formula for Actual Cost (AC) Finding Actual Cost is the simplest of all. There is no special formula to calculate Actual Cost. It is an amount that has been spent and you can nd it easily in the question.

Example of Actual Cost (AC) You have a project to be completed in 12 months. The budget of the project is 100,000 USD. Six months have passed and 60,000 USD has been spent, but on closer review, you nd that only 40% of the work has been completed so far. What is the project’s Actual Cost (AC)? Actual Cost is the amount of money that you have spent so far. In the question, you have spent 60,000 USD on the project so far. Hence, The project’s Actual Cost is 60,000 USD.

Application of Actual Cost (AC) Actual Cost is used to calculate Cost Variance and Cost Performance Index.

Earned Value (EV) This is the third and last element of earned value management. Earned Value is the value of the work actually completed to date. If the project is terminated today, Earned Value will show you the value that the project has produced. As per the PMBOK Guide, “Earned Value (EV) is the value of work performed expressed in terms of the approved budget assigned to that work for an activity or WBS component.” Although all three elements have their own signicance, Earned Value is more usefulbecause it shows you how much value you have earned from the money you have spent to date. Earned Value is also known as Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP). There is a difference between Planned Value and Earned Value. Planned Value shows you how much valueyou have planned to earnin a given time, while Earned Value shows you how much valueyou have actually earnedon the project.

Formula for Earned Value (EV) The formula to calculate Earned Value is also simple. Take the actual percentage of the completed work and multiply it by the project budget and you will get the Earned Value. Earned Value = % of completed work X BAC (Budget at Completion).

https://pmstudycircle.com/2012/05/planned-value-pv-earned-value-ev-actual-cost-ac-analysis-in-project-cost-management-2/

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Example of Earned Value (EV) You have a project to be completed in 12 months. The budget of the project is 100,000 USD. Six months have passed and 60,000 USD has been spent. On closer review, you nd that only 40% of the work has been completed so far. What is the project’s Earned Value (EV)? In the above question, you can clearly see that only 40% of the work is actually completed, and the denition of Earned Value states that it is the value of the project that has been earned. Earned Value = 40% of the value of total work = 40% of BAC = 40% of 100,000 = 0.4 X 100,000 = 40,000 USD Therefore, the project’s Earned Value (EV) is 40,000 USD.

Application of Earned Value (EV) Earned Value is used to calculateSchedule Variance, Cost Variance,Schedule Performance Index, Cost Performance Index,Estimate at Completion, andTo Complete Performance Index. In your PMP exam, you will be given a scenario and asked to identify these three elements. Please note that these elements are alsoknown by different names, such as: Planned Value referred to as Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS), Actual Cost as Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP), and Earned Value as Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP). It is unlikely that you will see these terms in your PMP exam, so concentrate on the terms mentioned in the PMBOK Guide rather than these outdated names.

Summary Earned Value, Planned Value, and Actual Cost are basic elements of earned value management. They can be used to generate a basic overview of your project status. Earned Value is the value of the work actually completed to date, Planned Value is the value that you should have earnedas per the schedule, and Actual Cost is the amount spent on the project to date. Once you have this information on hand, you can nd the current status and compare it with the planned progress. You can now move on to the next blog post onschedule variance and cost variance which explains if you are ahead of schedule or behind schedule and whether you are under budget or over budget.

https://pmstudycircle.com/2012/05/planned-value-pv-earned-value-ev-actual-cost-ac-analysis-in-project-cost-management-2/

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