PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING OF SHOPPING MALL PDF

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PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING OF SHOPPING MALL A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by DHINAKARAN.P 732113103006 LOGESH.K 732113103027 SRINIVASAN.V 732113103045 VINEETH.B 732113103051 in partial fulfilment for the requirement of award of the degree Of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING In DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEER...

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PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING OF SHOPPING MALL A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

DHINAKARAN.P

732113103006

LOGESH.K

732113103027

SRINIVASAN.V

732113103045

VINEETH.B

732113103051

in partial fulfilment for the requirement of award of the degree Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING In DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NANDHA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, ERODE 638052 (An Institution affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI 600 025 OCTOBER - 2016

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified

that

this

project

work

titled,

“PLANNING,

DESIGNING AND ANALYSIS OF SHOPPING MALL” is the bonafide work of DHINAKARAN.P

732113103006

LOGESH.K

732113103027

SRINIVASAN.V

732113103045

VINEETH.B

732113103051

who carried out the project work under my supervision.

Mr. N. ATTHIKUMARAN.M.E.,

Mr. C.MOHANASUNDARAM, M.E.,

Head of the department

Supervisor, Assistant professor

Department of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

Nandha College of Technology

Nandha College of Technology

Submitted for the Project viva-voice examination held on __________

----------------------

----------------------

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to acknowledge our heartfelt thanks to our parents and our friends who supported us with their unconditional love and encouragement. We express our thanks to our beloved chairman of Sri Nandha Educational Trust

Thiru.

V.Shanmugan

and

our

beloved

secretaries

Thiru.

S.Nandhakumar Pradeep of Sri Nandha educational trust and Thiru. S.Thirumoorthi of Nandha Educational Institutions for their support in successful of our project work. We specially thank Dr. S. Arumugam, Chief Executive Officer of Nandha Educational Institutions for his affection and support in all aspects made as to complete the course successfully. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to our beloved principal Dr. R. Nallusamy, M.E., Ph.D., for the excellent facilities and continual support provided during the course study and project. We articulate our genuine and sincere thanks to our dear hearted Head of the Department Mr. N. Atthikumaran, M.E., who has been the key spring of motivation to us throughout the completion of our course and our project work. We are grateful to our Project Coordinator, Assistant Professor Mr. C.Mohanasundaram, M.E., Civil Engineering Department for providing us support for our project. We are very much gratified to all the teaching and nonteaching staff of our department who was direct and indirect stroke throughout our progress. We would like to acknowledge our heartfelt thanks to our parents and our friends who supported us with their unconditional love and encouragement. Finally, we would like to thank the Almighty for his blessings.

ABSTRACT

In this project planning, analysis and structural design has been done for a commercial building of shopping mall based on all Indian Standard Codes of practice. Detailing drawings pertaining to the structural design of shopping mall are presented.

Analysis of the structure was done using STAAD.Pro V8i.

All the structural members like slabs, beams, columns and footings are designed using Indian Standard Code IS 456-2000, IS-875 and design aid SP-16. The structural components are designed by limit state method.

Materials were used as specified by National Building Code. Concrete M20 grade and Fe415 steel bars were considered for all the design. Brick walls are worked in C.M 1:5 mix 230 mm thick.

The mall is built with almost all the amenities required for the people to get entertained in their busy schedule. This structure is going to be designed with the view that all the entertainment facilities should be made available under one roof. The overall plot area of the mall is 90,000 sq.ft. and the built area is around 30,000 sq.ft.

LIST OF SYMBOLS A

– Area

Ag

– Gross section of section

As

– Area of flexural steel

Asc

– Area of compression steel

Ast

– Area of tension Steel

Asv

– Area of vertical stirrup

Av

– Area of vertical stirrup

b

– Width of a section

bf

– Width of flange

bw

– Width of web

c

– Distance of neutral axis from compression surface

d

– Effective depth of a section

D

– Overall depth of a section

Df

– Depth of flange

e

– Eccentricity

E

– Modulus of elasticity

fck

–Compressive strength of concrete – IS 456:2000

fs

– Stress in tension steel

fy

– Tensile strength of steel – IS 456:2000

k

– Effective length factor for columns

L

– Length of a section

l

– Length of column

leff

– Effective length of a section

lu

– Unsupported length of column

Mu

– Factored moment

Mux

– Moment about xx-axis

Muy

– Moment about yy-axis

Pt

– Percentage of steel

P

– Unfactored concentrated load

Po

– Axial strength of a concentrically loaded column

Pu

– Factored axial load

r

– Radius of gyration

St

– Tie spacing

Sv

– Spacing for vertical stirrups

Vus

– Shear to be resisted by stirrup

Xu

– Neutral axis depth

α

– ratio of stiffness

β

– Reinforcement ratio

ε

– Strain

εt

– Tensile strain

ζ

– Shear stress of concrete

λ

– Slenderness ratio

LIST OF FIGURES FIG.NO DRAWINGS

PAGE NO.

2.3

SITE PLAN

7

2.3.1

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

8

2.3.2

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

8

2.3.3

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

9

2.3.4

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

9

2.3.5

SECTIONAL PLAN

10

ELEVATION

10

3.2.1

STAAD.Pro RENDERING VIEW

12

3.2.2

BEAM STRESS CONTOUR

12

3.2.3

BENDING MOMENT ALONG Z AXIS

13

3.2.4

BENDING MOMENT ALONG Z & Y AXIS

13

4.2.4

STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF SLAB

28

4.3.4

STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF BEAM

33

4.4.4

STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF COLUMN

36

4.5.4

STRUCTURAL DRAWING DESIGN OF

2.4

FOOTING

42

4.6.4

STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF STAIRCASE

48

4.7.3

STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF SEPTIC TANK

52

TABLE OF CONTENT S.No 1

2

TITLE INTRODUCTION

PAGE NO 1

1.1 GENERAL

1

1.2 OBJECTIVES

1

1.3 SCOPE

1

1.4 SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY

2

PLANNING

3

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

3

2.2 REGULATIONS OF NATIONAL BUILDING

5

CODE OF INDIA

3

4

2.3 PLAN

7

2.4 ELEVATION

10

ANALYSIS

11 3.1 GENERAL

11

3.2 ANALYSIS REPORT

12

DESIGN

16

4.1 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

16

4.2 SLAB

17

4.2.1 DEFINITION

17

4.2.2 TYPES OF SLAB

17

4.2.3 DESIGN

18

4.2.4 STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF SLAB

28

3.3 BEAM

29

4.3.1 DEFINITION

29

4.3.2 TYPES OF BEAM

29

4.3.3 DESIGN

30

4.3.4 STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF BEAM

33

4.4 COLUMN

34

4.4.1 DEFINITION

34

4.4.2 TYPES OF COLUMN

34

4.4.3 DESIGN

35

4.4.4 STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF COLUMN 36 4.5 FOOTING

37

4.5.1 DEFINITION

37

4.5.2 TYPES OF FOOTING

37

4.5.3 DESIGN

38

4.5.4 STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF FOOTING 42 4.6 STAIR CASE

43

4.6.1 DEFINITION

43

4.6.2 TYPES OF STAIR CASE

43

4.6.3 DESIGN

45

4.6.4 STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF

48

STAIRCASE 4.7 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK

49

4.7.1 DEFINITION

49

4.7.2 DESIGN

52

4.7.3 STRUCTURAL DRAWING OF

52

SEPTIC TANK

5

CONCLUSION

53

6

REFERENCES

54

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1GENERAL This project deals with the design of planning, analysis and designing of a Shopping mall. A Shopping Mall is a building designed for entertaining the people. 1.2 OBJECTIVES

 Planning of shopping building with proper ventilation and sunlight.

 Analysis of frame by STAAD.Pro.

 Designing of all structural members based on limit state method of design.

 Designing of other miscellaneous structures like septic tank by working stress method.

 To suggest a cost effective building. 1.3 SCOPE

 Design of slab by using limit state method.

 Preliminary design of beam and slab is done to adopt the beam and column size for the respective designs.

 Analysis of frame is done using STAAD.Pro V8i

 Design of beam is done as per IS code.

 Design of column is done according to SP-16.

 Design of footing is done by using limit state method.

 Design of dog-legged and open wall staircase.

 Design of septic tank as per NBC requirements.

1

1.4 SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY Selection of plot is very important for building a shopping mall. Site should be in good place where there is community and service is convenient but not so closed that becomes a source of inconvenience or noisy. The conventional transportation is important not only because of present needs but for the retention of property value in future closely related to are transportation, shopping, facilities also necessary. One should observe the road condition whether there is indication of future development or not in case of undeveloped area. The factor to be considered while selecting the building site are as follows:• Access to park & playground. • Agriculture polytonality of the land. • Availability of public utility services, especially water, electricity & sewage disposal. • Contour of land in relation to the building cost and cost of land. • Distance from places of work. • Ease of drainage. • Location with respect to Shopping Mall, college & public buildings. • Nature of use of adjacent area. • Transport facilities. • Wind velocity and direction.

2

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

 Brunner and Mason (1968): investigated the importance of driving time upon the preferences of consumers towards regional shopping centers. They expressed that although it is recognized that population, purchasing power, population density, newspaper circulation, and other factors are influential in determining the shopping habits of consumers, a factor which is generally overlooked is the driving time required to reach the center. In this study, it was established that the driving time required to reach a center is highly influential in determining consumer shopping center preferences. The most consistent and significant driving time dimension in delineating  Huff (1964 and 1966): concluded that the comparative size of the centers and the convenience of access were the primary characteristics that consumers sought when choosing a shopping center to visit.

 Cox and Cooke (1970): determined customer preference for shopping centers and the importance of driving time. The authors concluded that location and attractiveness are important determinants of consumer shopping center preferences.

 Mehrabian and Russell (1974): noted that the response that store atmosphere elicits from consumers, varies along three dimensions of pleasantness, arousal and dominance.

 Kang and Kim (1999): also conducted surveys at three malls in San Diego, Cleveland and Atlanta to examine the impact of ‘entertainment as motivation for shopping.’ Their survey asked mall patrons to rate.

 ULI–the Urban Land Institute, Michael D. Beyard, Mary Beth Corrigan, Anita Kramer, Michael Pawlukiewicz, and Alexa Bach: In addition to having possible code problems, many building systems are not 3

sized adequately for current demands; serviceable but aging systems have been known. To literally fall apart when worked on extensively. Water, gas, electrical, fire sprinkler, Sewer, and smoke-control systems may not withstand extensive rework without overall reconstruction. It is crucial to assess building systems and utility demands, and to work with utility companies early many older malls predate current standards for hazardous materials, such as asbestos. These materials can be difficult to discover before construction starts. Hazardous-materials abatement is expensive and time-consuming. Unfortunately, if abatement is needed, it is likely to take.

 Sonia Longjam1, S. Aravindan: As traffic congestion reaches crisis proportions in many locations, the vaunted convenience of mall shopping

is disappearing. Most malls can be reached by only one means—the automobile—and, in more and more metropolitan areas, this puts them at a disadvantage in relation to locations that are walkable or linked to public transit, and that offer more multidimensional urban environments. While it’s probably true that most customers will always drive to the mall, their busy lives are reducing the time they are willing to spend shopping. 2.1.1 General A building should be planned to make it comfortable economical and to meet all requirements. All the requirements should be taken up and the number of alternative proposal should be prepared. On comparing its advantage and disadvantage the best one should be adopted. Planning mainly depends upon the climatic condition. 2.1.2 Orientation The next step is orientation of the shopping complex building, which means fixing the direction of the building in such a way than it derives maximum benefit from sun, air and nature. In some places orientation of the shopping complex is not at the choice of the designer because a limited area is only allotted.

4

2.1.3 Ventilation Unless there are windows reaching the top of the wall and capable of being opened, ventilators are necessary near the top of the wall. The ventilators should be regularly distributed in the same way as windows.

2.2 REGULATIONS OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA The National Building code of India is a single document in which, like a network, the information contained in various Indian Standards is woven into a pattern of continuity and cogency with the interdependent requirements of sections carefully analysed and fitted into make the whole document a cogent continuous volume. A continuous thread of ‘preplanning’ is woven which, in itself, contributes considerably to the economies in construction particularly in building and plumbing services. 2.2.1 Plinth Regulations No plinth or any part of the building should be less than 30cm above the determined level of:

 The center part of abutting street.

 The foot path of the abutting street.

 The highest part of the service lane which determines the drainage of the premises.

 Any portion of the ground within 3m distance of such a building.

 Undulating or slopping land 1.2m above the drainage or country water level. 2.2.2 Rest Room

 The height of the water closets measure from the surface of the floor to the lowest point to the ceiling shall not be less than 2m.

 The area of water closet shall be 1.1m with the minimum width of 0.9m. 5

 It should have a ventilator opening to the shaft of open pace of area not less than 0.3m2 with side not less than 0.3m. 2.2.3 Parapet Wall

 Parapet walls and handrails provided on the edge of roof terrace shall not be less than 1.05m and not more than 1.2m in height from finished floor level.

2.2.4 Boundary Wall

 Except from with special permission of the authority, the maximum height of the compound wall shall be 1.5m above the centre line of the front street.

 Compound wall up to 2.4m height may be permitted if the top 0.9m is of the open type, the construction of the design is to be approved by the authority.

 In case of corner plot, the height of the boundary wall shall be restricted to 0.75m for a length of 10m on the front and side of the intersections and the balance height of 0.75m if required in accordance with open type constructions and the design is to be approved by the authority. 2.2.5 Septic Tank

 Septic tank have minimum width of 75cm, a minimum depth of 1m below the water level and the minimum liquid capacity of 1m3.

 The length of the tank shall be 3 to 4 times the width.

 The ventilation pipe shall have extend to a height on which would cause to smell nuisance to any building in that area. 2.2.6 Stair case

 For shopping complex building the minimum width of stair case is 1.2m

 The rise should not be more than 200 mm and the tread should not be less than 200mm

6

2.3 PLAN: 2.3.1 SITE PLAN

7

2.3.1 Ground Floor Plan

2.3.2 First Floor Plan

2.3.3 Second Floor 8

2.3.3 Second Floor Plan

2.3.4 Third Floor Plan

2.3.4 Third Floor

9

2.3.5 Section Plan

2.4 ELEVATION:

10

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS 3.1 GENERAL The analysis of the structure that is determination of the internal forces like bending moment, shear force, etc. in the component members, for which these members have to be designed, under the action of given external loads. This process requires the knowledge of structural mechanics which includes mechanics of rigid bodies (i.e. mechanics of forces), mechanics of deformable bodies (i.e. mechanics of deformations) and the theory of structures (...