Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection Worksheet-Example PDF

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The following includes the worksheet for the flower dissection lab....

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Name:

Thalia Korecky

Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k handtNonvascular Plant Architecture Vascular Complete the tables and questions below. The textbook and Internet resources may be used for describing characteristics and answering the associated questions. Pictures of the slides may be helpful when studying for the lab practical. Characteristics include unique or prominent features (e.g., life cycle, reproduction, structural features, or nutritional highlights). Add any information that will be helpful for study. Two or three students may work together; however each student must provide answers in his or her own words. All references should be included at the end of the assignment in GCU style. Table 1

Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification)

Drawing and Total Magnification (required) 100x

Marchantia antheridia

100x

Description/ Characteristics (3 or more)  Produces sperm  Male reproductive structure  Produces many

  

Marchantia archegonia

100x

  

Picture (optional)

Produces an ovule Female reproductive structure Produces one per archegonium

Creates sperm Sperm is biflagellate Is the male structure

Moss antheridia

1

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection 100x  Contains the female t gamete

Moss archegonia

100x



Needs water to have the sperm swim to the egg

 

Produces sperm Sperm can be stored until needed Antheridia often protrudes



Fern antheridia

  

Fern archegonia

Female reproductive organ Produces the eggs Typically located on the surface of the plant thallus

100x

2

Name:

Thalia Korecky

Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W h t Table k 1 Continued Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification)

Drawing and Total Magnification (required) 100x

Monocot leaf

100x

Description/ Characteristics (3 or more)  Tend to be more narrow/longer  Stomata are dumb-bell shaped  Veins do not join other veins (parallel)

 

Eudicot (dicot) leaf



100x

  

Monocot stem



  

Eudicot (dicot) stem: woody



100x

Stomata are kidney shaped Veins are webbed (reticulate) Leaves are somewhat smaller/broader

Many vascular bundles Stele is broken up into bundles Vascular bundles are oval shaped Example: Grass

Well-defined epidermis Epidermis has cuticle present Vascular bundles placed in a ring around the pith Example: Sunflower

Picture (optional)

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection Stem t  Vascular bundles form a

Eudicot (dicot) stem: herbaceous Ranunculus

100x Monocot root



ring Able to find the epidermis easily

   

Absence of cuticle Unicellular root hairs Absence of stomata Fibrous root system

Name:

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Thalia Korecky

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification)

Drawing and Total Magnification (required) 100x

Description/ Characteristics (3 or more)  Taproot system  Grows vertically  Small lateral roots

Eudicot (dicot) root

100x

 

Pine ovulate cone 

Contains both male and female sporophylls Female cones specifically contain two ovules per scale Tend to sit lower on the trees

Table 2

Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification)

Pine cones

Drawing or Photograph

Picture (optional)

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

Strobili

Table 3

Observation of Different Fruit Classes Name (group classification)

Simple fruit (single carpel from one flower)

Aggregate fruit (many separate carpels from one flower)

Multiple fruit (many carpels of many flowers forming an inflorescence)

Drawing or Photograph

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

Accessory fruit (composed largely of tissues other than the ovary)

Nonvascular and Vascular Plan Architecture Questions Directions: Thoroughly answer the questions below in complete sentences. Any use of outside resources should have in-text citations and be listed at the end of the assignment in GCU style, and original wording is expected for all answers. Failure to follow these directions can be considered plagiarism or cheating that can result in point deductions and referral for Code of Conduct violations. 1.

What are the five derived traits of land plants? The five derived traits of land plants include: apical meristems, alternation of generations, multicellular embryo that is dependent on the parent plant, sporangia that produce walled spores, gametangia that produce gametes.

2.

Draw a generalized life cycle illustrating the alternation of generations steps that all land plants experience. Be sure to label the haploid and diploid stages as well as the gametophyte and sporophyte stages. Indicate where mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization occur in the cycle. The more information included the easier it will be to study this information.

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3.

Thalia Korecky

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

Complete Table 4

Table 4

Observation of Different Fruit Classes Plant Group

Dominant Generation (sporophyte or gametophyte)

Source of Nutrition (Explain how the plant gets the nutrients it needs) Mosses absorb the nutrients in that is in water from their outer surfaces.

Nonvascular plants (e.g., mosses)

The gametophyte generation is more dominant.

Seedless vascular plants (e.g., ferns)

The sporophyte generation is more dominant.

Ferns make their own food from photosynthesis. They get some nutrients from fallen leaves and rain water.

Gymnosperms

The sporophyte generation is more dominant.

Gymnosperms use a vascular system to help travel all the nutrients they get from photosynthesis/water.

Angiosperms

The sporophyte generation is more dominant

Angiosperms like to absorb water from their roots and transports the water to all parts of the plant by using the xylem. They make their own food using photosynthesis and transports the nutrients made from photosynthesis using the phloem.

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Thalia Korecky

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

Explain why water is important in the reproductive life cycle of nonvascular plants. Water is important in the reproductive cycle for nonvascular plants because they put their spores out into the water and the two separate gametophytes meet in the water. When the sperm swims to the egg nonvascular plants need water as the fluid the sperm swims through.

5.

As you are walking through the woods with a friend, you notice some ferns growing along the path. When you stop to examine them, you note that there are brown bumps on the underside of the leaf, which you believe to be either some kind of fungal disease or insects. Your friend says that the bumps are normal. Who is correct? Explain My friend would be correct because those brown bumps are just the spores on the backside of the leaf. These spores are used for reproduction reasons and are not harmful.

6.

7.

Create a table that reflects at least five differing characteristics between monocots and eudicots (dicots). Be sure to include differences in the leaves and stems.

Roots Leaves Stem

Monocots Fibrous Leaf system is parallel Vascular bundles are separated

Petals Pollen Tube

In multiples of three Contains one single pore

Eudicots Taproot Net-like system in the leaves Vascular bundles are formed in a ring pattern In multiples of four or five Contains three or more pores

Explain how pine cones and strobili are different. Pine cones happen to be the female cone. The female cones are usually larger than the male cones. Strobili are the male cones and they produces tiny amounts of pollen grains that are used as the male gametophyte.

8.

Based on the cross-section of the apple would it be classified as a monocot or eudicot (dicot)? Why? Based on the cross-section it is obvious that an apple would be classified as a dicot. This is because when cut in half you can see that is has two cotyledons.

9.

Label the structures of an idealized flower.

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Thalia Korecky

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

Flower Dissection Complete the table and questions below. Table 5 Flower Dissection Step

Structure

2

Receptacle

3

Sepals

4

Petals

5

Stamens

5

Filament

5

Anther

5

Pollen grains

6

Carpel

Number Function of Structure

Description (e.g., color, height)

1

Function is to connect stalk to The receptacle is green as it connects to the stem of the flower as well as provide support. flower.

0

This is used to protect the developing reproductive structures. The petals are commonly important in attracting pollinators.

The sepals are green/are big enough to surround the reproductive parts in early stages.

6

The stamen is the male portion of the flower.

Contains anther and filament.

6

The function of the filament is to support the anther.

Filament is green in our flower and holds the anther upright.

6

6

N/A

1

The petals differentiate in color and vary in size.

The anther is the pollen producing The anther is this orangey-brown color that has a fuzzy texture due to the pollen. part of the flower and holds the male gametophyte. Pollen grains are tiny and very crumbly which makes it Pollen grains contain male easy to get onto pollinators. gametes and are very important in terms of reproduction. The carpel is the female The carpel consists of three smaller parts and was green reproductive structure. in our flower.

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Stigma

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Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection nd very tiny. a pollen receptor. t 1

6

Style

6

Ovary

6

Ovule

1

A lot!

The style plays a role in supporting the stigma as well as connecting stigma to the ovary. This is the female organ of the flower that contains the ovules. The ovule is where the female gametophyte is contained.

The style is elongated and green in color.

The ovary matched the same green as the receptacle. Once cut open, many ovules were present. The ovule is a super tiny and very light in color.

Name:

Thalia Korecky

Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W h t Questions Flowerk Dissection Directions: Thoroughly answer the questions below in complete sentences. Any use of outside resources should have in-text citations and be listed at the end of the assignment in GCU style, and original wording is expected for all answers. Failure to follow these directions can be considered plagiarism or cheating that can result in point deductions and referral for Code of Conduct violations. 1.

Provide an image of an actual specimen (include photo credit).

2.

Do flowers produce more ovules or pollen grains? Based on the answer, speculate on why this would be so in terms of reproductive success. Flowers produce more pollen grains than ovules because their goal is to get pollinators to spread the pollen to other flowers. Plants want a better chance of pollen getting to another flower so that is why so much pollen is produced.

3.

List three adaptations of flower petals that are helpful in attracting pollinators. Three adaptations that flower petals have developed are: scent, colors, and nectar.

4.

Describe where pollination and fertilization occur beginning with production of the pollen grains and ending with the sperm nuclei reaching the egg nucleus. Be specific and detailed.

The production of pollen grains begins in the male reproductive organ called the stamen. Then once a pollinator has picked up some pollen it then takes it to another flower. This is where the pollinator gets nectar and the pollen lands on the stigma. On the stigma, this is where pollination happens. Next, the pollen grains or sperm will swim down and reach the ovule. Once sperm meets ovule, this is where fertilization occurs.

Name:

Thalia Korecky

Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection t

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5.

Specifically, where are pollen grains produced in the mail reproductive organ? Specifically, where are the egg cells made in the female reproductive organ? By which nuclear process (i.e., mitosis or meiosis) are these gametes formed? Pollen grains are made through meiosis in the anther and the egg cells are produced in the ovary also through meiosis.

6.

How can someone tell if the pollen sacs are open? How would someone know if the stigma is mature? Be specific. Someone can tell if the pollen sacs have been open because the anther of each flower have a specific shape. Once opened, the anther is split open and therefore also opens the pollen sacs.

To tell if the stigma is mature or not, the stigma will be enlarged and will also become sticky to trap the pollen. 7.

Seeds come from which part of the flower? Fruit is what part of the flower? The embryo comes from which part of the flower? Seeds come from the ovary and then develop fruit once the seed has been fertilized by sperm. The embryo comes from the seeds inside the ovary.

8.

Which was taller, the stamen or the carpel? Is this important? Why or why not? In my flower, the stamen was taller. This is important because the flower wants to avoid selfpollination. The flower does this by making the stamen taller than the carpel.

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