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Political Law Q&As (2007-2013) [email protected] JayArhSals A Compilation of the Questions and Suggested Answers In the PHILIPPINE BAR EXAMINATIONS 2007-2013 In POLITICAL LAW Compiled and Arranged By: Salise, Hector Christopher “Jay-Arh” Jr. M. (University of San Jose-Recoletos School ...

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Political Law Q&As (2007-2013)

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JayArhSals

A Compilation of the Questions and Suggested Answers In the PHILIPPINE BAR EXAMINATIONS 2007-2013 In

POLITICAL LAW Compiled and Arranged By: Salise, Hector Christopher “Jay-Arh” Jr. M. (University of San Jose-Recoletos School of Law)

ANSWERS TO BAR EXAMINATION QUESTIONS by the UP LAW COMPLEX (2007, 2009, 2010) & PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF LAW SCHOOLS (2008) “Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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FOREWORD This work is a compilation of the ANSWERS TO BAR EXAMINATION QUESTIONS by the UP LAW COMPLEX , Philippine Association of Law Schools from 2007-2010 and local law students and lawyers’ forum sites from 2011-2013 and not an original creation or formulation of the author. The author was inspired by the work of Silliman University’s College of Law and its students of producing a very good material to everyone involved in the legal field particularly the students and the reviewees for free. Hence, this work is a freeware. Everyone is free to distribute and mass produce copies of this work, however, the author accepts no liability for the content of this reviewer, or for the consequences of the usage, abuse, or any actions taken by the user on the basis of the information given. The answers (views or opinions) presented in this reviewer are solely those of the authors in the given references and do not necessarily represent those of the author of this work.

The Author “Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Titles are based on Silliman’s Compilation [Arranged by Topic])

ARTICLE I National Territory Archipelagic Doctrine (2013)………………………………………………………………...................10 Archipelagic Doctrine (2009)……………………………………………………………………………….11

ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies Defense of State (2009)………………………………………………………………...........................11 State Immunity from Suit (2013)……………………………………………………….....................11 State Immunity from Suit (2013)…………………………………………….................................12 State Immunity from Suit (2009)………………………………………………………………………...14

ARTICLE III Bill of Rights Custodial Investigation; Extrajudicial Confession (2013)…………………………………….…..14 Eminent Domain; Public Purpose (2008)……………………………………………………………....15 Eminent Domain; Socialized Housing (2009)…………………………………………..……………..16 Eminent Domain; Valid and Definite Offer (2010)…………………………………………………..18 Equal Protection; Responsible Parenthood (2007)…………………………………………………..18 Freedom of Religion; Benevolent Neutrality Test (2009)………………………………………….20 Freedom of Speech; Commercial Speech; Prohibitions (2007) …………………..……………..21 Freedom of Speech; Private Parties; Prior Restraint (2007) ………………………………….....22 Freedom of Speech; Symbolic Expression (2008) ………………………………………………......23

“Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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Freedom of the Press; Prior Restraint (2009) …………………………………………………….....24 Hierarchy of Civil Liberties; Freedom of Religion; Search and Seizure (2012) ……..….....25 Liberty of Abode; Right to Travel (2012) ………………………………………………………….......26 Overbreadth Doctrine vs. Void for Vagueness (2012) ……………………………………….….....27 Overbreadth Doctrine vs. Void for Vagueness (2010) …………………………………………......28 Police Power; Abatement of Nuisance (2010) ……………………………………………………......29 Police Power; Prohibition of Gambling (2009) …………………………………………………….....29 Privacy of Communication (2009) ………………………………………………………………….......30 Right to Assembly; Permit (2007) …………………………………………………………………….....31 Right to Information; Matters of Public Concern (2009) …………………………….…….….....32 Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail (2009) ……………………………………………………….....34 Rights of the Accused; Right to Bail; Double Jeopardy (2008) ………………….……….….....35 Rights of the Accused; Right to Counsel (2012) ………………………………………….….….....36 Rights of the Accused; Right to Remain Silent (2013) ………………………………….….….....37 Rights of the Accused; Self-Incrimination (2010) ……………………………………………….....38 Right to Liberty; Presentability of Policemen (2008) …………………………………………......39 Search and Seizure; Warrantless Arrest (2009) …………………………………………………......40 Search and Seizure; Warrantless Arrest (2008) …………………………………………………......40 Search and Seizure; Warrantless Search (2010) ……………………………………………..…......41

ARTICLE IV Citizenship Dual Citizenship vs. Dual Allegiance (2009) …………………………………………………..….....42 Natural Born (2009) ………………………………………………………………………………..……......42

ARTICLE VI Legislative Department “Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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Discipline; Members of Congress (2013) ……………………………………………………….………44 Doctrine of Operative Fact (2010) ………………………………………………………………..........45 Doctrine of Necessary Implication; Hold-over (2010) ………………………………………………45 Electoral Tribunal; SET; PET Jurisdiction (2012)………………………………..………………....46 Investigations in Aid of Legislation (2009) ………………………………………………….........…46 Investigations in Aid of Legislation; Executive Privilege (2010) ……………………………….48 Law-Making; Abolish; Destroy (2008) …………………………………………………………………...49 Law-Making; Admission to the Bar (2009) …………………………………………………………….49 Law-Making; Conflict of Interest (2010) ………………………………………………………..........50 Law-Making; Item vs. Pocket Veto (2010) ……………………………………………………………..51 Law-Making; Oversight Committee (2010) …………………………………………………...……….51 Party-list Representative; Formula allocation (2007) ……………………………………..………52 Party-List; Foreign Funding (2010) …………………………………………………………….………..53

ARTICLE VII Executive Department Appointing Power; Acting Appointments (2013) ………………………………….…………………54 Appointing Power; Ad-Interim Appointments (2010) …………………………………….………..54 Control Power (2009) …………………………………………………………………………………………55 Control Power; Foreign Relations (2010) …………………………………………………….………..55 Declaration; State of National Emergency (2010) ………………………………………………..…56 Enter into Executive Agreement; Treaty Abrogation (2008) …………………………………….56 Enter into Treaty (2010) …………………………………………………………………………………….57 Pardoning Power: Executive Clemency (2008) …………………………………………………….…57 Privilege; Presidential Communications vs. Deliberative Process (2010) ……………………58 “Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department Judicial Department; Judicial Service (2013) ……………………………………………………..…58 Judicial Department; Writ of Amparo (2013) …………………………………………………………59 Judicial Power; Legal Standing (2010)……………………………………………………………..……61 Judicial Power; Trial by Jury (2013)………….....………………………………………………………61 Judicial Power; Trial by Jury (2008) …………………………………………………….………………62 Presidential Electoral Tribunal; Judicial Power (2012) ……………………………………………63 Supervision; Courts and its Personnel; Ombudsman’s Jurisdiction (2012)…………….……64

ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions Rotational Scheme (2010) ………………………………………………………………………………….64

ARTICLE IX Civil Service Commission Appointment; Relatives (2008) ……………………………………………………………………………65 Appointment; Relatives (2010) ……………………………………………………………………………66 De Facto Officer (2010) ………………………………………………………………………………………66 De Facto Officer; Salary Entitlement (2009) ………………………………………………………….66 Discretionary Duty of a Public Officer (2010) ………………………………………………………..66 Oath or Affirmation (2007) …………………………………………………………………………………67 Security of Tenure (2010) …………………………………………………………………………………..67

ARTICLE IX COMELEC Commission En Banc; Jurisdiction (2012) …………………………………………………………….67 Grant of Pardon to Election Offenses (2010) ……………………………………………………….…69

Election Laws “Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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Election Protest; Substitution; Quo Warranto (2009) ………………………………………………69 Pre-Proclamation Contest (2008) …………………………………………………………………………71 Three Term Limit; Contest; Substitution (2008) …………………………………………….………72 Vacancy: Succession; Recall (2010) ……………………………………………………………………..72 Vacancy: Sangguniang Panlalawigan (2008) ……………………………………………………..……73

ARTICLE X Local Government Boundary Dispute Resolution; LGU; RTC (2010) ………………………………………………….…74 Confiscation of Driver’s License; MMDA (2010) …………………………………………………..…74 Internal Revenue Allotment Fund (2007) ……………………………………………………………..74 Municipal Corporation; De facto vs. Estoppel (2010) ………………………………………………75 Ordinance Validity; Disapproval (2009) ………………………………………………………………..75 Ordinance Validity; Regulation of Disco Pubs (2010) ………………………………………………76 Reclassification of Land (2010) ……………………………………………………………………………77

ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers Discipline; Preventive Suspension (2009) ……………………………………………………………..77 Impeachment; Grounds (2013) ……………………………………………………………………………78 Impeachment; Purpose; Grounds (2012) ……………………………………………………………….79 Ombudsman; Power to Impose Penalties (2009) …………………………………………………….80

ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony Acquisition of Lands (2009) ………………………………………………………………………………..81

ARTICLE XIV Education, Science, and Technology, Arts Education; Academic Freedom (2013) ………………………………………………………………….81

“Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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Education; Academic Freedom (2008) ………………………………………………………………….82 Education; Academic Freedom (2007) ………………………………………………………………….82 Education: Communication and Instruction (2007) ………………………………………………..83 Education; Teaching of Religion (2010) ………………………………………………………………..83 Education; Foreign Ownership (2009) …………………………………………………………………..84 Education: Scholarship Grants (2007) ………………………………………………………………….84 Education; Study of Religion (2008) ………………………………………………………………….…85

ARTICLE XVI General Provisions National Anthem (2009) ……………………………………………………………………………………..86

ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions Amendments (2007) ………………………………………………………………………………………….86 Amendments; People’s Initiative (2009) ……………………………………………….………………87

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Basic Principles; Reparation (2007) ………………………………………………………………..……87 Concept of Association (2010) …………………………………………………………………………….89 Extradition: Double Criminality (2007) …………………………………………………………………90 Genocide (2010) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..91 Hard Law vs. Soft Law (2008) ………………………………………………………………………………92 Human Rights; Civil and Political Rights (2007) ………………………………….…………………93 Human Rights; Civil and Political Rights; Freedom from Torture (2010) ……………………94 Int’l Court of Justice vs. Int’l Criminal Court (2010) ………………………………………………95 International Law Violation; Treaty (2008) ……………………………………………………………96

“Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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Opinio Juris (2012) ……………………………………………………………………………………………96 Opinio Juris (2008) ……………………………………………………………………………………………97 Principle of Attribution or Imputation (2010) ……………………………………………………..…97 Principle of Auto-Limitation (2009) ……………………………………………………………………..98 Retorsion (2010) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….99 Use of Force; Self-Defense (2009) ……………………………………………………………………..…99 Verbal Agreement; Source of Int’l Law (2012) ………………………………………………..……101

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 2013 Political Law Exam MCQ (October 6, 2013) ……………………………………………….…103 2012 Political Law Exam MCQ (October 7, 2012) ………………………………………………….112 2011 Political Law Exam MCQ (November 6, 2011) ………………………………………………140

“Never Let The Odds Keep You From Pursuing What You Know In Your Heart You Were Meant To Do.”-Leroy Satchel Paige

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ARTICLE I National Territory

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea III. Whether the bodies of water

Archipelagic Doctrine (2013)

lying landward of the baselines of the Philippines

are

internal

waters

or

No.VI. Congress passed Republic Act No.

archipelagic

7711 to comply with the United Nations

retains jurisdiction over them (Magallona

Convention on the Law of the Sea.

vs. Ermita, 655 SCRA 476).

In a petition filed with the Supreme Court,

ALTERNATIVE ANSWER:

waters,

the

Philippines

Anak Ti Ilocos, an association of Ilocano professionals, argued that Republic Act No.

No, the petition is not meritorious.

7711discarded

the

UNCLOS has nothing to do with the

Philippine territory under the Treaty of

acquisition (or loss) of territory. It is a

Paris and in related treaties; excluded the

multilateral

Kalayaan Islands and the Scarborough

others, sea-use rights among maritime

Shoals from the Philippine Archipelagic

zones

baselines; and converted internal waters

UNCLOS III delimits.

the

definition

of

and

treaty

regulating,

continental

among

shelves

that

No.

7711

into archipelagic waters. The Is the petition meritorious? (6%)

being the vital step in safeguarding the

UNCLOS has nothing to do with the merely

loss)

regulates

maritime exclusive

zones,

of

territory.

sea-use

rights

contiguous

economic

zones,

It

over zones, and

continental shelves which it delimits. The

Kalayaan

RA

Philippines’ national interest. Aside from

No, the petition is not meritorious. (or

finds

constitutional and is consistent with the

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

acquisition

court

Islands

and

the

Scarborough Shoals are located at an appreciable distance from the nearest shoreline of the Philippine archipelago. A straight baseline loped around them from the nearest baseline will violate Article 47(3) and Article 47(2) of the

country’s maritime zones, the law also allows

an

delimitation Philippines’

internationally-recognized of

the

breadth

maritime

of

zones

the and

continental shelf. The court also finds that the conversion of internal waters to archipelagic waters will not risk the Philippines as affirmed in the Article 49 of the UNCLOS III, an archipelagic state has sovereign power that extends to the waters enclosed by the archipelagic baselines, regardless of their depth or distance from the coast. It

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is further stated that the regime of

No.I.c. A law that makes military service for

archipelagic sea lanes passage will not

women merely voluntary is constitutional

affect the status

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

of its

archipelagic

waters or the exercise of sovereignty over waters and air space, bed and subsoil and the resources therein (Prof. Merlin Magallona, et al v. Hon. Eduardo Ermita, in his capacity as Executive Secretary, et al, G.R. No. 187167, 16 July 2011)

FALSE. In the defense of the state, all citizens may be required by law to render personal, military or civil service (Section 4, Article II of the Constitution). The duty is imposed on all citizens without distinction as to gender. ALTERNATIVE ANSWER: TRUE.

Archipelagic Doctrine (2009)

The

prime

duty

of

the

Government is to serve and protect the

No.I. b. Under the archipelago doctrine, the

people. The Government may call upon

waters around, between, and connecting

the people to defend the State and, in

the islands of the archipelago form part of

the fulfillment thereof, ALL CITIZENS

the territorial sea of the archipelagic state.

may

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

provided by law, to render personal

FALSE.

Under

Constitution,

Article

The

I

the

required,

under

conditions

military or civil service.

around,

What is mandatory is the calling out of

between and connecting the islands of

the people to defend the state. But the

the

citizens including woman may render

archipelago

waters

of

be

form

part

of

the

INTERNAL WATERS. Under Article 49 (1)

personal or military service.

of the U.N. Convention on the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, these waters do not form part of the territorial

State Immunity from Suit (2013)

sea but are described as archipelagic waters.

No.X. The Ambassador of the Republic of Kafiristan referred to you for handling, the case

ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies Defense of State (2009)

of

the

Embassy's

Maintenance

Agreement with CBM, a private domestic company engaged in maintenance work. The Agreement binds CBM, for a defined fee, to maintain the Embassy's elevators,

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air-conditioning

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electrical

Maintenance Agreement was in pursuit

facilities. Section 10 of the Agreement

of a sovereign activity (Republic of the

provides

Indonesia vs. Vinzon, 405 SCRA...