Pols-2305 - Lecture notes 1-5 PDF

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Professor David Smith, not all notes, but professor goes into detail in what he is explaining to understand the lecture....

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Anti-Democratic Ideologies ● Fascism ● Communism ● Socialism: everyone and everything should be the same Foundations ● Seat of politics ● Origins? ● Ideas for us? The Ancients ● Power ● Mixed constitutions ● Small size ● Civic virtue ● Cyclical fate ● The one, the few, and the many The Moderns ● Written law ● Mixed constitutions: no one person or institution has too much power ● Civic virtue ● Cyclical fate: governments will strengthen and weaken as time demands ● Social Contract Theory ● Locke and Hobbes English Influence ● Magna Carta ● Bicameralism ● Trial by Jury ● Habeas Corpus ● Independent Judiciary

● Due Process ● Bill of Rights The Puritan Contribution ● Fundamentalist Morality ● Emphasis on Contacts: the harder you work the more you sacrifice ● Strong Work Ethic Colonies to Constitution ● 13 Original colonies ○ Georgia was a penal colony ● French and Indian war ○ Started taxes ● First Continental Congress ○ No taxation without representation ● “Shot heard ‘round the world” ● Second Continental Congress ● Declaration of Independence ○ Traitors ○ But we won ○ Became independent ● Articles of Confederation ○ No true federal government ○ Had to call others to defend and money ○ Fled New York original capital to Philadelphia Constitutional Convention ● Purpose ○ Country is not sustainable ○ Have no money ○ Different forms of currency

○ Writing a new form of government ○ Amend the AOC ○ committing treason ● Important Delegates ○ Thomas Jefferson was not part ○ George Washington, and others ● Plans for constitution ○ 39 of 55 signed to form new gov ● Federalism ○ Institutions perpetuate The constitution Fun facts about the constitution ● Because of his poor health, Benjamin Franklin needed help signing the constitution ● He started crying ● The U.S Constitution has 4,400 words ● Oldest and shortest written constitution in the world ● Contrast with the TX Constitution

Important concepts ● Branches ● Grants powers ● Limits powers ● Federalism ● Checks and Balances Article I ● Members ○ 435 voting ○ 3/5ths for the Slaves

○ Fair and equal representation so 2 can serve in the senate ● Requirements ○ House of Representatives ○ 25 years old ○ Citizen of US ○ You must have 1 year residency of the state that you live in ○ House ○ 30 years ○ Citizen ○ Residents of the state you are selected ● Functions ○ Makes the laws of the people ○ Can declare war as needed Determining Representation ● Census ● 1787-65 members of the US house ● 1910-435 expanded and maxed ● Redistricting

VP and other officials salary ● Vice President $202,900 ● Senator $158,000 ● Representative $158,000 ● Maj/min leaders 175,600 ● Speaker of the house 202,900 Article 11 ● Natural born United States citizen ● At least 35 years of age ● Resident of US for at least 14 years

● No gender specifications ● No religious affiliations ● Terms (2 four year terms for a max of 10) ● 22nd Amendment The oath of office ● “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) I will faithfully execute the office of President if the United States and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the constitution of the United States” Presidential statistics ● Tallest- Lincoln 6’4 ● Shortest- Madison 5’4 ● Heaviest- Taft 350 ● Oldest- Reagan 69 Trump ● YoungestSalaries then and now ● Washington ● Grant 40,000 ● Roosevelt ● Truman 100,000 ● Johnson/Nixon 100,000 ● Clinton and bush 400,000 Other rewards ● 50,000 expenses ● 100,000 travel ● White House living quarters ● Camp David ● Health care ● Pension, security detail, and money for an office/Staff

Articles 111 ● The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as congress May from time to time ordain and establish Fun facts ● In 1789 the chief justices salary was 4,000 with associates justices made 3,500 ● By 1997 risen to 171,500 and 164,100 ● 2005: Initial thoughts ● “Least dangerous branch” ● Beginnings ○ People left for other jobs ● Early debates ○ People would walk away ● Judiciary act of 1789 ● Weak SCOTUS ● Marshall court ○ John Marshall Marbury v. Madison: the case of judicial review ● Speeding, traffic, etc ● Madison was Secretary of State ● Wanted to fill the slot for justice of the peace ● “What he is doing in unconstitutional” ● He finds the Congress error The rest ● IV ○ If you have a debt in one state you have in all 50

○ With marriage and divorce ●V ● VI ● VII ○ Ratification of the constitution The Amendments ● Bill of Rights ○ First 10 ● Civil war Amendments ○ 13, 14, 15th ● 19th ○ Women can vote ● 26th ○ 18 years old US VS TEXAS Delegated powers ● Article I, section 8 ● Necessary and proper Clause ○ Has to power to expand ● McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Concurrent and denied powers ● Concurrent ● Denied ● State/National ○ 10th Amendment Reserved powers ● 10th Amendment ● Police powers

Intergovernmental relations ● Horizontal federalism ○ State to state ○ City to city ● Vertical federalism

Guest speaker ● In 1979 the law says failure to identify to an officer the citizen would have to go with the officer ● 1990’s 2000’s can only speak to a person when involved in any sort of crime or witness ● 13th court of appeals that only has to do with legal issues ● Only go to the federal court if has to do with the Amendments ●...