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Practical Research 1Quarter 3 – Module 14:Literature Review: Elements andEthicsPractical Research 1 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 14: Literature Review: Elements and Ethics First Edition, 2020Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Gov...

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Practical Research 1 Quarter 3 – Module 14: Literature Review: Elements and Ethics

Practical Research 1 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 14: Literature Review: Elements and Ethics First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Practical Research 1 Quarter 3 – Module 14 Literature Review: Elements and Ethics

Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master elements and ethics of literature review. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module is divided into two lessons, namely: • •

Lesson 1 – Elements of Good Literature Review Lesson 2 – Ethics in Literature Review

After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. follow ethical standards in writing related literature; 2. present written review of literature

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What I Know Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is True, F if otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. Literature review contains sufficient discussion of the background, processes, findings, and implication. 2. The main purpose of literature review is to give bases for your research. 3. Literature has to be accomplished by means of providing clear, concrete, and systematic way. 4. Literature review provides clear discussion on the parameters of your research. 5. Literature review represents the whole claim of your research. 6. You can come up with literature review without consulting other researches. 7. Literature review is mere collection of studies published and unpublished. 8. Literature review has something to do with the findings and result of other researches. 9. Literature review is just a pile of researches related to your working study. 10. Literature review provides explanation to your research.

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Lesson

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Elements of Good Literature Review

In the previous lesson, you were able to write your literature review. Good job! However, there are still some reminders that you need to ponder as you hone your skill in writing literature. These are just recommendations that you need to think about as you polish what you have written. Do not worry, your literature is good enough, but you still need to consider these pointers in achieving good literature review.

What’s In Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. What is the process of scholarly acknowledging others ideas or work used in your research? 2. What do you call the main claim of your literature? 3. What serves as your guide in writing literature review? 4. What do you call that summarizes the ideas presented in the body of your literature? 5. What part of study that contains the discussion of the reviewed study?

Notes to the Teacher This module let the students to be familiarized with the elements of a good and ethical literature review.

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What’s New The misAdventures of Bok and Nonoy

Your teacher is very proud of you because like Nonoy and Bok, you do not have questions anymore. But wait a minute, are you not going to take your pen and begin revising your literature review? Maybe you are just too tired to do it now. Anyway, keep going, because you are almost done! With all the journal articles, books, online sources, and theses and dissertations that you have read, you can establish now a clear background of your research. After this, you will have a better literature review.

What is It What makes a good literature review? There are many ways of coming up with a good literature review. Hence, every writer has their own style on how they can create a good literature review (Thomas et al., 2015). Here are some suggestions that you may use in polishing your work. These are the five (5) elements of good literature review: 1. Literature review is intensive. The main purpose of literature review is to provide background of your research (Ramdhani, Ramdhani, & Amin, 2014). It has to be intensive wherein all relevant discussion must be included to clearly understand the parameter and bases of your study. Likewise, this

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provides an explicit background of what you are writing. Thus, a good literature review is concentrated, wherein all aspects of it are focused, explored, and identified. 2. Literature review is concise. Literature review does not represent the entire claim of the research being reviewed. It is just a part of your research that provides information about the variables that you are exploring that were already explored by other researchers on their studies. Therefore, a short discussion of their processes, findings, and implication is more than enough to establish the concepts being dealt on your research (Wee & Banister, 2015). One reviewed literature has to be comprised of one (1) paragraph with six (6) to ten (10) sentences. However, you can exceed depending on the information and its relevance to your research. 3. Literature review is logical. Literature review has to be logical, analytical and rational. It is accomplished through deductive or inductive presentation. Deductive presentation may begin with most important to lesser important. On the other hand, inductive presentation may begin with local going to global. Nonetheless, each sentence has to be in harmony with each other. 4. Literature review is complete. Saturation of the studies related to you research has to be practiced. It should not be based on the quota of literature you need to cite but on the relationship of previous researches to your research. But of course, it is impossible to exhaust all literature in the world related to your work. It is up to you to decide whether the literature considered clarified all the inquiries related to your research or not. Thus, all important parts are present (Reijers et al., 2018). 5. Literature review is recent. The literature to be used have to be conducted within ten (10) years for it to be called recent. However, there are institutions that are requiring literature to be only within five (5) years. Though these time frames differ from each other, their suggested time has to be recent. The more recent it will be, the better. The wisdom behind this idea is that every day we discover new things. There is a great possibility that the information on a certain topic may possibly change.

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What’s More Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is correct, F if otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. The main purpose of literature review is to provide background of your research. 2. Literature review includes research questions. 3. Literature review represents related literature and studies. 4. Literature review contains short discussion of studies’ processes, findings, and implication. 5. Literature has to be accomplished by means of providing clear, reliable and concrete data in systematic way.

What I Have Learned Read the statements carefully and determine what element of literature review is described. Write “A” for intensiveness, “B” for conciseness, “C” for logical; “D” for completeness, and “E” for recentness of the literature. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. Peter connects in a systematic manner all the research studies from reputable journal publications in his research. 2. Mike chooses studies highly related to his study. 3. Marta considers the findings and conclusions of the gathered research articles. 4. Prince searches only for research articles that are recently published. 5. Sophie is careful in choosing research articles. She briefly discussed them in her study.

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What I Can Do Read the statements carefully. Write T if the statement is true, F if otherwise. Write your answers on your notebook. 1. Literature review needs to be systematic. 2. In making related literature of your research, presentation of information needs to be short with plenty of errors. 3. In choosing related literature and studies, it has to be unrelated to the research. 4. Literature review contains literature and studies that are obsolete and proven not relevant anymore. 5. Presentation of literature review can be in deductive or inductive manner depending on point of view of the researcher.

Assessment In four (4) to five (5) sentences, make a short literature review about students’ academic stress using the five (5) sources in the box. Write your composition on your notebook.

1. According to Dusselier et al. as cited in Young (2017), students’ source of stress is academics. 2. Stress is part of students’ life (Kan, Altaf, & Kausar, 2013). 3. Cimanes and Guevarra (2017) stressed that students are facing stress because of their busy life. 4. According to Alzayyat, and Al‐ Gamal, as cited in Caraig, Masangcay, Villanueva, and Manibo (2020), stress originates from an excess of homework. 5. Jain and Singhai (2017) added that family adds to students’ stress.

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Rubrics on how your composition will be graded 5

Criteria

Organization

Grammar

The composition is highly organized wherein ideas are related to the topic. The composition does not have any grammatical error. Citation format is religiously followed.

Formatting

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The composition is organized having 1 idea that is not related to the topic.

The composition is moderately organized having 2 ideas not related to the topic.

The composition is fairly organized having 3 ideas not related to the topic.

The composition is not organized

The composition has 1 to 3 grammatical errors.

The composition has 4 to 5 grammatical errors.

The composition has 6 to 7 grammatical errors.

Committed 1 wrong citation format.

Committed 2 wrong citation format.

Committed 3 wrong citation format.

The composition has more than 8 grammatical errors. Committed 4 or more wrong citation format.

Additional Activities Search for ten (10) words in the box that are related to the elements of good literature review. Write your answers on your notebook. I

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Lesson

Ethics in Literature Review

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You commonly hear ethics as an action that is prescribed by the society. If you think that ethics is exclusively for action following norms, then, this is just a particle of the huge concern of ethics. It is because even in literature review, there is an ethics that you need to follow. Do not worry, you will not be imprisoned if you become “unethical”, however, your integrity as a novice researcher is on wage. Better to follow the standards procedures in conducting literature review because a research that is ethically accomplished is a research that is dignified and with integrity.

What’s In Arrange the jumbled words related to ethics in literature. Write your answers on your notebook. 1.

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Notes to the Teacher This module let the students to be familiarized with the elements of a good and ethical literature review.

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What’s New The misAdventures of Bok and Nonoy

Bok and Nonoy mistakenly thought ethics as proper action or a physical expression. Well, ethics in literature review is not exclusively an action of doing what is right and moral. It is more on following the standards of writing literature review. At the end of the day, after following the proper protocols and standards, your literature review will be ethical. Let us be ethical writers!

What is It Ethics etymologically came from the Greek word ethos which means right action. In any society, standard action is ought to be followed. For example, if you go out, you need to wear facemask. If you will buy goods, you need to fall in queue. Aside from that, we respect elders, those in authority, and people around us. In literature review, we also follow ethics. But this ethics is not expressed through concrete action like bowing our heads, using “po” and “opo”, or being generous to others. This is manifested to the way we write our literature review. Hence, these are five (5) ethical ways on writing our literature review that we need to follow. 1. Observe proper citation. In writing academic text like research, you ought to observe proper citation. This is from proper paraphrasing to correct citation entry in different citations. Observance of this is one way of acknowledging

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their contribution, as well as your professionalism. As a novice researcher, you need to master different kinds of citation styles depending on what your institution is requiring you. 2. Keep the original thoughts. There are many times that we lose the original thoughts of the text that we are paraphrasing. It is unethical if we will just cite writing wherein the original essence of the sentence is different from what we have interpreted it or written down. We need to be abreast with proper skills in paraphrasing and interpreting others’ work. 3. Avoid biases. As a novice researcher, it is important that you eliminate personal interest or biases on your studies (Fleming & Zegwaard, 2018). You should be fair, not one sided. This is not just demeaning your literature but also d...