Practice Questions on Lectures 22 to 27 PDF

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Practice Questions on Lectures 22 to 27 - Answer Key The FINAL EXAM IS CUMULATIVE! PsbS gene is a gene in plants which codes for a protein called “pigment binding protein S” that is essential for proper photosystem II functioning. When PsbS is mutated, plants have a much slower rate of growth than is typical. They are “poor growing”. PSBS denotes the normal allele for this gene. psbs denotes the mutated, recessive allele for this gene. Pineapples have 25 chromosomes. PsbS is located on chromosome 22. 1. In a pineapple plant, ATP hydrolysis occurs regularly. Breaking the bond between the last two phosphates a) Requires more energy to be released than is absorbed when new bonds are formed with H2O. b) Requires less energy to be released than is absorbed when new bonds are formed with H2O. c) Requires more energy to be absorbed than is released when new bonds are formed with H2O. d) Requires less energy to be absorbed than is released when new bonds are formed with H2O. 2. Pineapples are CAM plants. What would be the result if pep carboxylase was inhibited such that it could not bind to CO2 when stomata were open? a) Calvin cycle would operate as normally. Photorespiration would not occur. b) Calvin cycle would operate as normally. Photorespiration would occur. c) Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. Photorespiration would not occur. d) Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. Photorespiration would occur. 3. Kiara’s genetic research reveals that the poor-growing pineapple plants are homozygous for the mutated form of PsbS. Meaning, they are psbs/psbs. As a result, photosystem II is not consistently donating electrons to NADP+ reductase. What is the immediate result when photosystem II fails to donate an electron to NADP+ reductase? a) Electrons move faster, photosystem II and I operate more quickly. b) Electrons back up, photosystem II stops working and photosystem I slows down. 4. The psbs/psbs genotype would ____ the Calvin cycle because the concentration of ATP and NAPHD would be ______. a) Speed up; reduced b) Speed up; increased c) Slow down; reduced d) Slow down, increased 5. Plants use the glucose created by photosynthesis in cellular respiration. How would the psbs/psbs genotype affect the rate of glycolysis? a) It would speed up

b) It would slow down c) It would have no affect

6. If, in addition to the psbs/psbs genotype there was also a mutation in cyt a such that it’s oxidation potential was diminished, what would be the result? a) Electrons would accumulate upstream of cyt a, not including cyt a. b) Electrons would accumulate upstream of cyt a, including cyt a. c) Electrons would accumulate downstream of cyt a, not including cyt a. d) Electrons would accumulate downstream of cyt a, including cyt a. 7. Plants store any glucose not used in cellular respiration in the form of starch. Starch is composed of many individual glucose molecules bonded together. The chemical reaction that creates starch absorbs more energy in the breaking of the original glucose bonds, than is released when glucose molecules as bonded together. Therefore, a) It is an endergonic reaction. b) It is an exergonic reaction.

8. When oxygen is depleted and cannot act as a final electron acceptor, pineapple cells can perform fermentation. Fermentation allows _____ to continue. a) Glycolysis b) Cellular respiration c) Oxidative phosphorylation 9. Likewise, fermentation facilitates a) Electron transfer in the electron transport chain b) Maximal ATP production c) NAD+ regeneration 10. Pineapple plants are also susceptible to infection by the negative sense RNA virus “pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1” (MPW -1). Once inside the pineapple cell, the RNA virus____ a) Must be transcribed into mRNA because replication can happen. b) Is replicated by (host cell) DNA polymerase immediately. c) Is replicated by (viral) RNA polymerase immediately. 11.

Which plant mechanisms could prevent the host plant cell from replicating the viral RNA? a) Splicing b) RNAi c) Transcription factors

12. RNA is considered the best candidate for a) The first life b) The first cell c) The first infection

13. Without human intervention, pineapples reproduce via asexual reproduction. Therefore,

a) Offspring are genetically distinct from the mother. b) Offspring are genetic clones of the mother.

14. Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction. Which of the following could cause miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) in the first trimester of human pregnancy? a) The corpus luteum secreting high levels of progesterone. b) The follicle secreting high levels of estradiol. c) The embryo producing low levels of HcG hormone.

15.

At what point during the ovarian cycle is meiosis totally completed? a) At ovulation b) At fertilization c) When the sperms chromosomes enter the egg’s nucleus....