Practice Questions Quality-1 PDF

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Practice Questions_ Quality

1. An iPhone being associated with the definition of a quality product is based on its A) performance B) features C) aesthetics D) all of the above 2. All of the following can be used to describe product quality except A) reliability B) durability C) empathy D) conformance to specifications 3. Which of the following is not one of the major categories of costs associated with quality? A) appraisal costs B) prevention costs C) internal failures D) These are all major categories of costs associated with quality.

4. Which of the four major categories of quality costs is the highest and most difficult to estimate? A) prevention costs B) external failure costs C) appraisal costs D) internal failure costs 5. A cause-and-effect diagram is also known as a(n) A) Pareto diagram B) Ishikawa diagram C) wishbone diagram D) affinity diagram 6. Pareto charts are used to A) engage in an in-depth root cause analysis using a structured approach B) organize brainstorming ideas for statistical analysis C) identify the few, most important defects or causes of defects in a process D) none of the above 7. Georgetown Hospital might use which of the following nonstatistical data-based quality tools to keep track of patient complaints? A) Pareto charts B) cause-and-effect diagrams C) run charts D) checksheets

8. What type of data needs to be collected to determine the mean bottle volume in a bottling plant process? A) binomial B) variable C) attribute D) none of the above 9. Which of the following statements regarding control charts is false? A) Control charts have a center line that represents an average of the process. B) Control charts have upper and lower limits that indicate the range of acceptable values. C) Data points above the upper control limits mean that the product’s quality is beyond expectations. 10. If data are obtained from samples and some of the sample means of the measurements are outside the control limits, the process is said to be A) in control and the control limits need to be recalculated B) in control with only natural causes of variation C) out of control but with random variation D) out of control and it should be investigated for assignable variation 11. A firm using a 3-sigma statistical quality control program would expect to find an average of how many defects per million samples? Take the area within +- 3 sigma as 0.9973 of the normal curve. A) 3 times the standard deviation of the number of defects B) 6 times the mean number of defects C) 3 D) 2,700 (1-.9973=0.0027; 0.0027 * 1000000 pieces = 2700) 12. Which statistical quality control chart would be used to determine if the proportion of DVD’s defective is in control in a DVD manufacturing plant is performing according to specifications? A) X-bar chart B) r-chart C) p-chart D) c-chart 13. Which of the following statements is true about the p-chart? A) It can use only variable type data. B) It can use only attribute type data. C) It can use both variable and attribute type data. D) None of the above statements are correct. 14. After numerous complaints, the operations manager at the production line says it’s not sufficient for the process to be within the control limits but it should be much closer to the sample mean. The operations manager is practicing which quality control technique? A) Six Sigma – tightening the variation (std deviation) of the process such that all (all

meaning the area within+- 6 std deviations) output falls within the desired limits. B) ISO 14000 C) brainstorming D) cause-and-effect analysis

15. The process of comparing your organization to other best-in-class performers is known as A) copyrighting B) quality control C) benchmarking D) continuous improvement 16. Quality improvement outcomes do not always meet expectations because A) It is a difficult statistical process to understand. B) It requires a visible and consistent commitment of resources by management. C) The quality attributes that the customer actually prizes are usually obvious. D) Workers and managers do not have adjoining office spaces. 17. Due to recent innovations in technology, quality initiatives can be now found in a wide crosssection of industries such as A) health care B) automobile manufacturing C) computer manufacturing D) all of the above

Go through my ‘Quality Control Charts_Audio’ file on BB for explanations and examples of how to construct and use statistical control charts.

X bar chart: UCL = Grand mean + (A2*Avg. Range); LCL = Grand mean - (A2*Avg. Range)

R chart: UCL = D4 * Avg. Range; LCL = D3 * Avg. Range

p chart: Average Proportion Defective ´p = Total # defective/Total # of units sampled Standard deviation= Sq. Root of [(Avg. Prop. Defective * (1- Avg. Prop. Defective))/ Sample size] UCL = Average Proportion Defective + Z * Standard deviation LCL = Average Proportion Defective - Z * Standard deviation

c chart Average # of defects/piece c´

= Total # defects / Total # of pieces sampled

Standard deviation = Sq. Root of UCL = LCL =

c´

c´ + 3 standard deviations c´

- 3 standard deviations

Customer Satisfaction = Perceived Quality Perceived Quality = Actual quality minus Expected quality = AQ - EQ

18. An ER service is measuring its response time performance, and collects the following date on response times to emergencies (4 weeks, 7 days of the week):

Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun Mean Range

Week 1 15 18 13 20 15 9 12 14.6 11

Week 2 Week 3 17 21 14 8 22 30 18 23 8 15 23 12 18 10 ? ? ? ?

Week 4 19 20 22 15 7 21 16 ? ?

Treat each week as a sample. a) Develop X-bar and R charts for average weekly response times, using the above data. Answer (use tables and provided formulas): Using sample size = 7 (days) X Bar:

UCL = Grand mean + (A2*Avg. Range); LCL = Grand mean - (A2*Avg. Range) UCL = 16.45 + 0.42*15.75 = 23.07 LCL = 16.45 – 0.42*15.75 = 9.84

R Chart:

UCL = D4 * Avg. Range; LCL = D3 * Avg. Range UCL = 1.92 * 15.75 = 30.24 LCL = 0.08 * 15.75 = 1.26

b) Is the process in statistical control? Use the data provided above, assuming that they are from fresh sampling, to plot on the charts. Answer: Yes, all the plots of sample means and the average ranges on the X_Bar and R charts, respectively, fall within the respective control limits (and do not seem to show any significant pattern)....