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SBI3U DIVERSITY PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY 1.a) made up of cells b) reproduction c) usage of energy (anabolism, catabolism, metabolism) d) maintain homeostasis e) pass along hereditary traits f) respond to environment g) grow and develop h) adapt to environment throughout evolution 2.a) kingdom b) phylum c) class d) order e) family f) genus g) species 3.a) names consist of two words - Genus and species b) words are italicized or underlined c) Genus is capitalized d) species is lowercase e) both names or latin or latinized f) two different organisms cannot have the same name g) species name has to be different within the same Genus 4. Two terms used to give an organism a scientific name. 5.a) “cut in two parts”, two choices for each step. b) questions with two answers c) diagram showing two options 6. Description: evolution of organisms history

7. A clade has common ancestors 8. Kingdom

Cell Characteristics

Other characteristics

Examples

Eubacteria

-prokaryotic -cell wall contains unique compound

-asexual -diverse ways of obtaining energy and nutrients

Salmonella (Escherichia coli)

Archaea

-prokaryotic -cell walls & membrane have unique compounds -extremely small

-colonize extreme environments. -Live in the digestive tracts of mammals and marine environments -asexual

extreme thermophiles

Protista

-eukaryotic -Cells have extreme diversity of cellular structure. -Some have chloroplast and cell walls

-heterotrophic or photosynthetic or both -aquatic or moist environments -asexual and sexual

Amoeba

Fungi

-eukaryotic -cell wall has chitin -most are multicellular -No chloroplasts

-heterotrophic -most are terrestrial -sexual and asexual

mushrooms

Plants

-Eukaryotic -multicellular -cell walls have cellulose -has chloroplasts

-Autotrophic and photosynthetic -Most are terrestrial -sexual and asexual

Moss, fern

Animals

-Eukaryotic -multicellular -Cells have no cell walls or chloroplasts.

-heterotrophic -most sexual -terrestrial and aquatic environments

Elephant, sponges, humans

9.a) eubacteria b) eukaryotic c) archaea 10.a) anything that causes a disease b) two species living in close associations and both benefit inhabiting nearby c) substance which weakens or kills organisms d) small infectious piece of RNA that can cause serious diseases in plants e) infectious protein that causes some brain diseases in mammals and humans f) relationship where single celled organisms live within another organism 11.a) Autotrophic bacteria make their own food. Heterotrophic bacteria get their nutrients from carbon containing organic chemicals found in other living organisms or their remains. The two primary sources of energy for living things are sunlight and chemical energy. Obligate Aerobes: requires oxygen. Obligate Anaerobes: cannot live in areas with oxygen. Facultative Anaerobes: can live with or without oxygen. b) a parent cell divides by binary fission, producing two daughter cells. A bacterial gene mutates roughly 1000 times as often as a eukaryotic gene. Bacteria also increase their genetic diversity by gaining new DNA. c) that overuse of antibiotics could cause them to no longer be effective due to bacteria adapting and becoming resistant to them d) : Archaebacteria have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Their cell membranes and cell walls are much more resistant to physical and chemical disruptions than those of other organisms. e) Replication occurs only once it has infected a host cell. No life functions until it has invaded another cell. Lacks organelles. 13. RNA-hepadnavirus (hepatitis B), herpesvirus (cold sores, genital herpes, chicken pox) DNA-retrovirus (HIV/AIDS) rhabdovirus (rabies) 14. *top to bottom* head; sheath; collar; tube; tail fibres; tail; end plate; spikes 15. Vaccines prevent and aid in treating viruses. Vaccines contain inactivated/partial viruses which stimulate antibody production which results in life time immunity. 16. Protists are key in aquatic systems. They perform photosynthesis, and are major producers in oceans. Non Photosynthetic protists are consumers. 17.a) Most are unicellular, while others are multicellular. Variety of different ways of moving (if they move at all), different ways of getting nutrients and energy, and very diff erent methods of reproducing. Can be complex cells eg. heterotrophic paramecia have both macronuclei and micronuclei. Some protists have many copies of their chromosomes and very large amounts of DNA. b) More than 200 000 known species. The Kingdom Protista is a traditional taxonomic group that has been used as a matter of convenience. The Animal, Plant, Fungi, Eubacteria, and Archaea Kingdoms are all based on evolutionary kinship, but the Protist Kingdom is not. Instead, this kingdom has traditionally been a “catch-all” for any species that did not fit into the other major kingdoms of life. c)Protists play major roles in ecosystems as producers or consumers. Climate change has affected many protists. Temperatures in aquatic ecosystems is rising and the acidity is increasing, this can affect protists ability to produce an outer protective shell. d)Single-celled protists reproduce asexually and sexually. During asexual reproduction the cell undergoes bianary fission. Where two identical daughter cells are produced. Sexual reproduction involves conjunction with a unicellular cell. The cells will align and exchange genetic materials.

18. Fungi are major decomposers. It is also used in food and beverages such as blue cheese and beer. 19.a) Fungi are sessile multicellular eukaryotes that grow from the ground. b) Plant cells are photosynthetic. Plants are thought to have evolved from charophytes, a group of green algae. 20.a) The bodies of most fungi are mesh-like, composed of a branching network of filaments called a mycelium. The cytoplasm is contained by a cell wall made of chitin. Hyphae form the “fuzz” often associated with mould. b All have cell walls composed primarily of cellulose. Plants share basic features. 21.a) a small seedless plant that does not have vascular tissue. b) a seedless vascular plant; club mosses are examples of lycophytes. c) a seedless vascular plants; ferns are examples of pteridophytes. 22.a) As we improve our understanding of animal biology, we also improve our understanding of the origin and cause of human diseases and how best to keep our bodies and minds healthy. Animals are linked to humans and are used as not only another source of information but also a coping mechanism. b) By having the classification of organisms, it is more manageable and easier to identify needed information. c) By knowing the characteristics of organisms it becomes easier to identify a specific organism. d) Vertebrates have spines and backbones whereas invertebrates do not contain either of these. 23. Monocots contain grains and grasses whereas dicots are common plants such as daisies, and tomatoes. 24. Humans use leaves for most commonly oxygen, along with drinks like tea. 25. Xylem, Phloem, Role 26. The root system is below the ground whereas the shoot system us above ground. The root is used as food storage and the shoot is used for photosynthesis. 27. A gymnosperm is like coniferous trees where the cones are where the reproductive system takes place. 28. An angiosperm is a flowering plant. 29. Xylem is a thick walled cell which is dead at maturity. It transports water and water-soluble nutrients. Phloem is a thin wall call which is still living at maturity. It transports sugars, protein and other nutrients. 30. Leaves are primarily used for photosynthesis, gas exchange, storage and protection from predators. 31. Sexual reproduction in seed plants occurs by seed dispersal which can happen by wind, animals eating fruit, animals spreading from fur....