Practice Test Chapter 11 Campbell Biology, 12 e PDF

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Practice test for class Biology 1500...

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9/28/21, 11:50 AM

Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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comparative studies of mitochondrial DNA the study of protein receptors embedded in the nuclear membrane the similarity of cell-signaling mechanisms in organisms that have a very distant common ancestor the fossil record comparative studies of ribosomal RNA

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local regulator transcription factor https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

neurotransmitter protein kinase G protein

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the signal molecule combined directly with a cytosolic enzyme to form an active quaternary structure the signal molecule worked equally well with intact or disrupted cells the signal molecule did not interact directly with the cytosolic enzyme but required an intact plasma membrane before the enzyme could be activated epinephrine is involved in response to stress the cell-signaling pathway involves two separate steps: transduction and response

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attract other yeast cells of the same mating type to assemble enzymatically process food into a form that can be easily absorbed stimulate cells of the opposite mating type, a yeast cells, to grow toward the α cell kill bacteria nearby, which may be competing for access to food https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

kill other yeast cells nearby, which may be competing for access to food

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numerous cells can receive and respond to a signal produced in their vicinity special molecules are passed through cell junctions specialized cells release hormone molecules into the circulatory system, permitting distant cells to be affected a concentration gradient between the signaling cell and its target cells is established, causing cells along the gradient to respond in different ways the signal can be directed to a very specific target because a narrow space separates the target cell from the transmitting cell

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The hormone that breaks down glycogen into glucose enters the liver cell. Glucose is produced from glycogen when epinephrine binds to a cytoplasmic protein. A cytoplasmic receptor triggers the signal transduction pathway that produces glucose from glycogen. Glucagon breaks down glycogen to glucose in liver cells. The hormone epinephrine binds to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the liver cell. https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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Nontarget cells lack the intracellular receptors that, when activated by the signal molecule, can interact with genes in the cell's nucleus. Nontarget cells possess enzymes that immediately degrade the molecules as they enter the cell. The signal molecules diffuse from the cell before an effective concentration can be achieved. Nontarget cells lack the inactive enzymes that the signal molecules activate. In nontarget cells, these signal molecules cross the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and are captured by vesicles.

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Different types of cells possess different types of phospholipids in their plasma membranes. Different types of cells possess different genomes. Different types of cells possess different proteins. Nuclear envelope proteins vary from cell type to cell type, and this means that cells respond to signaling molecules differently. Different cells have different patterns of carbohydrates on their cell surfaces. https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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do not initiate cell signaling by interacting with a receptor in the plasma membrane do not bind to receptors act by phosphorylating DNA are not an example of signaling molecules directly bind to DNA

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Move through a channel, down a gradient, and are nonpolar Move up a concentration gradient and are polar Move down a concentration gradient and are polar Move up a concentration gradient and are nonpolar None of the listed responses is correct.

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are never found in the nucleus of a cell

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

are only found associated with the plasma membrane all act via protein kinases may be found embedded in the plasma membrane or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus all work by opening ion channels

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not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors not all cells in the body have membrane receptors for testosterone testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane it is a local regulator

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form a dimer when activated; catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to an amino acid are not enzymes; have enzymatic function are transmembrane proteins; are found only on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

act by phosphorylating a protein; open an ion channel when bound to a signal molecule phosphorylate the amino acid guanine; phosphorylate the amino acid threonine

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Adenylyl cyclase receptors Receptor tyrosine kinases Protein phosphatase receptors G-protein-coupled receptors Ion-channel receptors

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causes the ion channel to phosphorylate an amino acid on a target molecule affects the membrane potential promotes the binding of a steroid hormone to its receptor in the cytoplasm alters the expression of genes, especially in neurons results in the formation of ion-channel dimers

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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activates proteins by removing phosphate is a gas acts by directly binding to DNA binds to membrane receptors and cytoplasm receptors enters the cell via a protein channel

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it is phosphorylated by a protein kinase GTP is bound to it 2+ binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor Ca2+

GDP replaces GTP it is bound by its ligand and transported to the nucleus

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the inactivation of G-protein-coupled signaling pathways

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

receptor tyrosine kinases would be stimulated by the additional phosphate groups present in the modified GTP that the activated G proteins would remain locked in the "on" position, transmitting signal even in the absence of a signaling molecule the inactivation of ligand-gated ion channels the inhibition of pathways stimulated by tyrosine-kinase receptors

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Phosphorylation of GDP to GTP Replacement of GDP with GTP Phosphorylation of GTP to GDP Hydrolysis of GDP to GTP Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP

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A mutation that means Ras cannot hydrolyze GTP to GDP A mutation that leads to Ras being sent to the endomembrane system A mutation that means GDP is constantly bound to Ras https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

A mutation that means Ras cannot bind to GTP A mutation in which Ras cannot bind to its GPCR

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the synthesis of mRNA a change in the chemical composition of the cytosolic environment alteration of the cytoskeleton the activation of an inactive enzyme the activation of a metabolic pathway

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prevents G-protein inactivation, which leads to the continuous production of cAMP inhibits adenylyl cyclase, preventing the cell from producing cAMP phosphorylates the cAMP, producing ADP inhibits the enzyme that normally breaks down cAMP blocks the receptor site for cAMP

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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protein kinase protein cyclase peptidase protein dehydrogenase protein phosphatase

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An increase in cell division A decrease in phosphorylated proteins in the cell An increase in the numbers of phosphorylated proteins in the cell An increase in anabolic cellular reactions Two of the listed responses would be expected.

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activates G-protein-coupled receptors https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

always inactivates a protein can either activate or inactivate a protein is accomplished by protein phosphatases always activates a protein

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GTP cAMP protein kinase protein phosphatase ATP

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pass quickly from cell to cell rapidly cross the plasma membrane cross the nuclear membrane and interact with DNA rapidly move throughout the cell by diffusion

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

move from substrate to substrate during a phosphorylation cascade

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receptor tyrosine kinases adenylyl cyclase phosphodiesterase protein kinase A G proteins

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reduced binding of adenylyl cyclase to protein kinase A an increase in the amount of cAMP present in the cell lower activity of protein kinase A increased binding of adenylyl cyclase to the G protein that activates it higher activity of protein kinase A

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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The kainate receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, and domoic acid is a ligand. Calcium is actively pumped into the cell by the kainate receptor. The kainate receptor is a GPCR that stimulates adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP that serves to amplify the signal and to speed the signal's transduction through the cytoplasm. The first two listed responses are correct. The second and third responses are correct.

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In a typical cell, calcium ions are not very widely used as second messengers. In a typical cell, calcium ions are rapidly transported into the endoplasmic reticulum in response to G-protein-mediated signals. In a typical cell, calcium ions are far more abundant in the cytoplasm than in the blood and other extracellular fluid. In a typical cell, calcium ions are often concentrated within the endoplasmic reticulum. All of the listed responses are correct.

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

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cAMP, adenylyl cyclase DAG, IP3 Calcium, IP3 cAMP, protein kinase A All of the listed responses are correct.

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is always present at high levels in the cytosol; is present at low levels in the absence of a signal is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum; is never stored in the cell enters the cell via a transmembrane protein channel; enters the cell by diffusing across the plasma membrane is tyrosine-kinase-receptor linked; is G-protein-receptor linked is synthesized by an enzyme in response to a signal; is released from intracellular stores

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adenylyl cyclase https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc campbell biology 12/msa/content/practice-test/practice-test.php#practice-test-11

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

2+ Ca2+

the cleavage of a specific phospholipid in the plasma membrane protein kinase A activation DAG

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activating DAG activating PIP2 opening Ca2+ channels phosphorylating signal receptors activating cAMP

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Glucose Cyclic AMP Glycogen Epinephrine

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

tRNA

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nerve cells lack the ability to produce cAMP G proteins are unable to phosphorylate GDP muscle cells lack the appropriate membrane receptor the endoplasmic reticulum is unable to store calcium a multifunctional relay protein involved with the proliferation of immune cells is defective

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glycogen synthesis is stimulated the signal is amplified the number of molecules involved remains constant the signal is reduced the number of molecules involved decreases

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

the GI tract does not have receptor tyrosine kinases the concentration of Ca2+ is lower in the cytosol of GI-tract cells than in the cytosol of heart cells there are differences in the proteins found in the two types of cells cells of the GI tract lack ATP in cells of the GI tract epinephrine operates via a cytosolic receptor, whereas in cells of the heart epinephrine acts via a plasma membrane receptor

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Apoptosis is triggered only by signals from outside the cell. Apoptosis is essential for normal development of the nervous system. Apoptosis occurs randomly during embryonic development of a nematode. Apoptosis typically involves only a single signaling pathway. All of the listed responses are correct.

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Some apoptotic signals come from mitochondria. Some apoptotic signals come from the endoplasmic reticulum when excessive protein misfolding occurs.

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Practice Test | Chapter 11 | Campbell Biology, 12/e

Some apoptotic signals come from the nucleus, when DNA has suffered irreparable damage. Some apoptotic signals originate from outside a cell. All of the listed responses are correct.

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