Practice Tests RE103 PDF

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Professor: Dr. White...

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QUIZ 1: ABORIGINAL, NEO-PAGAN 1. What theme is common to both Northern Lights and Goddess Remembered videos? a. The importance of the natural world for Aboriginal and Neo-Pagan myths 2. According to the Neo-Pagan lecture a “coven” is a. A community of wiccans (witches) 3. Overall traditional Aboriginal and Neo-Pagan understandings of human sexuality a. Embrace in diverse forms 4. Neo means a. New 5. According to the lecture on the Neo-Pagan tradition, the Law of the Goddess is most closely associated with a. Love 6. Pagan originally referred to a. A rural person 7. One of the following is false. The best way to explain the concept of love in Nature-based traditions is a. That it is the emotional feeling experienced by humans 8. What does the ritual of the sacred pipe teach about Aboriginal notions of love beyond personal relationships? a. Sharing brings peace and love 9. In Neo-Pagan traditions the goddess is represented by a. Moon 10. Athame a. Is a dagger representing the masculine 11. Starhawk’s chapters from her book, The Spiral Dance are a. Politically motivated because she is an activist 12. The Wiccan tripartite consists of a. Maiden, mother, crone QUIZ 2: KARMIC-BASED TRADITIONS 1. The central religious goal of the Karmic-based traditions a. Is to exit the wheel of samsara (death and reincarnation/rebirth) 2. The Jain Navpad Oli a. Is a fasting ritual 3. Select the two Karmic-based traditions that most uphold the life of a renunciant a. Buddhist and Jain 4. With the exception of the Sikh tradition, love in the Karmic-based traditions is primarily a. Found within the experience of family life TEST 2 1. To truly love, Thich Nhat Hanh says we should consider a. “I am here for you”

2. In Buddharakkhita’s article we learn that metta love a. Emphasizes the desire for the happiness of others 3. During his interview with Oprah Winfrey, Thich Nhat Hanh says that the monks setting themselves on fire was an act of a. Love 4. In the family scheme of many Jains, whos authority comes first? a. Husbands 5. According to Kelting’s article, what is a common theme in narratives about South Asian Jain wives? a. Daughters preaching to their fathers 6. The Navpad Oli fast is performed a. Publicly 7. In the Jain tradition, motherhood a. Is not valued in the same way as other traditions 8. Jain nuns a. Greatly outnumber Jain monks 9. The key point of Hidayati’s article is that a. Muslim and Christian notions of love can help interreligious dialogue 10. For Plato, the highest form of love is a. Romance between men and women 11. The symposium is hosted by a. Agathon QUIZ THREE 1. True or false? An I-It relationship treats other fellow human beings as fellow objects a. True 2. Michael Lerner’s “God of Transformation” holds the qualities of a. Love and compassion 3. Agape love feasts with food best describes a. Early Christian Eucharistic ceremonies 4. Islam means _____ and comes from the stem salam which means _____ a. Submission; peace 5. Orthopractic means a. Right practice 6. Most Monotheistic-based traditions believe a. Loving god is the most important love 7. For Plato, the highest form of love is a. Romance between men and women 8. Monotheistic means a. One god 9. The following Sufi mystic was killed for expressing a hulul experience of unity with Allah, whereby he claims he was Allah a. Al-Halaj

10. The Monotheistic-based traditions perceive god as a. A transcendent, ethereal force 11. For most Muslims God’s love is equated with a. Mercy 12. One of the following is false. In the story of Layla and Majnun and the opera that you watched sections of, Layla a. Refuses to marry the man her parents select 13. Which of the following Karmic-based traditions could fit in the Monotheistic-based traditions module as well? a. Sikh 14. Early Christian connections between human sexuality and sinfulness are as a result of a. Augustine’s life of purity 15. The primary focus of Muslim understandings of god, is a god of a. Mercy 16. The main idea behind Spark’s interpretation of the Song of Songs is a. That it was a wisdom text that offered advice to young women about falling in love 17. True or False? In Monotheistic-based traditions, Eros love between a man and a women can prepare a practitioner for the ultimate love, loving and obeying YHWH/God/ Allah a. False 18. This/these tradition(s) is concerned more with doing rather than believing a. Judaic 19. A symposium is a. A drinking party 20. One of the following is not a “people of the book” a. Saka Gakkai Buddhist

SELF TESTS Lesson 1 1. What love transcends early cares and desires? a. Agape

2. What type of love is characterized by fondness and appreciation for the other, but can also be motivated by potential gain? a. Phila 3. Passion and fire are key feelings in this type of love a. Eros & Romantic 4. Two key points in Plato’s ideas about love are: a. Beauty is interchangeable and the highest form of love ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Valuing your loved one because they are valuable or they become valuable to you a. Love as valuing 2. Having “feelings” a. Emotion 3. Caring for your beloved for their own sake a. Love as robust concern 4. Desire to form a “we” a. Love as union ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Hultkrantz prefers which approach for the study of myth? a. Functionalism 2. Religious epic legends are a. Both legends and myths 3. The demarcation line between myths and legends is a. Not absolute, they blend into each other 4. Cosmological myths a. Are sacred myths that describe the cosmos and the beginning of time, it frequently provides a “world view” 5. Institutional myths a. Explain how cultural and religious institutions were established 6. Ritual myths a. Cosmological myths that serve as “texts” for rituals 7. Myths of entertainment (mythological tales) a. Are myths that have lost their sacredness and become folktales

Lesson 2: Aboriginal Tradition & Mythical Context 1. Mythos is a concept that is privileged over logos in “Western” cultures a. False 2. Mythos is always a narrative of untruths a. False

3. Logos means “ground” and in terms of narrative types it is an account or recounting a. True 4. Phenomena that are difficult for humans to articulate using human or scientific language can sometimes be accessed by myths a. True ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Scientists explain the Northern Lights with a. Empirical knowledge based on experiments 2. Aboriginal peoples in the Northern Hemisphere form a relationship with the northern lights through a. Physical and emotional experience of the phenomena 3. The “Father of Russian Science” Mikhail Lomonosov relied on a. Both mythos and logos narratives, through poetry and scientific experiments 4. The Dene story about the powerful medicine man whos camp was attacked and used the Northern Lights to return the hunters home is an example of a. Mythos or a narrative that does not necessarily have a “ground” ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Who considered aboriginal women to be “promiscuous?” a. Jesuit missionaries 2. What are the two important messages at the heart of the Sacred Pipe myth? a. The importance of relationship and love 3. Aboriginal traditions emphasize what? a. Respect over love 4. One of the following is false. Traditionally, marriage within indigenous cultures is a. Marked by the new wife moving into her husband’s longhouse 5. White Buffalos are significant to certain indigenous cultures because they a. Are rare 6. All the rituals that are connected to the White Buffalo Calf Woman myth a. Emphasize relationships: with oneself, others, or the spirit world

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Lesson 3: Wiccan & Neo-Pagan The primary reason for holding Neo-Pagan celebration during a full moon is to have enough light as they are frequently outdoors a. False Neo-Pagans consider love for animals and the environment just as important as human love a. True The Neo-Pagan focus on the Goddess is viewed as a “corrective” for the years of disrespectful relationships with the earth and women a. True Underlying the Neo-Pagan cosmological world is a belief in the interconnectedness of all things a. True

1. Handfasting a. A common-law marriage ceremony 2. Hieros Gamos a. Marriage enacted by priestess and priest 3. Great Rite a. The marriage of the goddess and god 4. Handparting a. Divorce ceremony Lesson 4: Praxis vs. Doxy 1. Believing in a god is an example of orthodoxy a. True 2. Making an offer to a god is an example of orthodoxy a. False 3. Praying to a god or goddess is an example of orthopraxis a. True 4. Believing in religious teaching is an example of orthopraxis a. False ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Bhatki is a devotional movement that encourages the love and worship of a particular a. True 2. Bhakti focuses on the outward systematic rituals performed by the Brahmin a. False 3. Who is the Hindu god of love? a. Kama 4. Self-realization in the Hindu tradition is liberation a. True 5. This concept was central to Gandhi’s thinking that holding fast to the truth is an

active form of love a. Satyagraha ____________________________________________________________________________ a) Perma - platonic love b) Smara - remembering the beloved c) Sreha - friendship love d) Raga - passionate love e) Bhakti - devotional love f) Srngara - an aura of passionate love g) Kama - desirous love and sexuality Lesson 5: Buddhist Tradition 1. What do Siddhartha Guatama and Mahavira have in common with Hindu teachings? a. Practice over and above belief 2. Buddhist nuns are a. Not equal to monks 3. In the Buddhist tradition, how is love understood? Love is a. An obstacle to nirvana 4. One of the precepts all Buddhists follow is to refrain from improper sexual relations. This means a. Sex is fine as long as it doesn’t cause suffering 5. In the Buddhist tradition, what guides human interaction in the area of love? a. Mindfulness ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. The story about the dog and the fleas shows how dogs are sentient beings but fleas are not a. False 2. The metta meditation is used to break down barriers between us and them a. True 3. “Seeing” the sun in a piece of paper is a demonstration of love a. False 4. The single rule that Thich Nhat Hanh has for social activists is that they must be prepared to stop practicing loving kindness if they are threatened a. False 5. The underlying worldview that supports the Buddhist understanding of metta love is that the world is interconnected a. True Lesson 6: Jain Tradition 1. Ahimsa - nonviolence for all living beings 2. Human love - not as important as self-realization for this tradition 3. Mahavira - an ascetic and current founder of the Jain tradition 4. Emotions - all have karmic baggage, even the positive ones 5. Kevela - ultimate goal of the Jains that liberates the soul from karmic matter

6. Jiva - the soul 7. Brooms and mouth cloths - offer protection to microorganisms and bugs 8. Gandhi - was deeply affected by Jain principles of nonviolence ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Jains do not eat a. Meat 2. Jain monastics place a cloth over their nose and mouth in order to a. Protect microbes and insects from being ingested 3. Jains can’t eat root vegetables because a. The ground is the depository of animals 4. Kevela is a. The state whereby the soul is liberated from matter 5. For Jains, alcohol a. Can’t be consumed because of the ingredients (root) and it interferes with the mind 6. In the area of human feelings of love, compared to Hindu and Buddhist traditions Jains are a. The most ascetic

Lesson 7: Sikh Tradition

1. Within the Sikh tradition, a wedding ceremony is not just a contractual union between two people, but a spiritual union of the couple with God a. True 2. The bride within the Guru Granth Sahib is a symbol of half a soul a. False 3. It is in the hustle and bustle of family life that Sikhs believe they will learn love and gain unity with God a. True 4. Sikhs believe that God is both immanent and transcendent a. True 5. Guru Granth Sahib is a book (for non-believers) a. True 6. Gender equality is not important a. False

Lesson 8: Christian Tradition

1. Eschatology means a. The study of last things 2. What culture were the Romans most impressed with? a. Greek 3. A good example of an atheistic religious tradition is a. Jainism 4. Symposium means a. A drinking party 5. Who was responsible for weaving Christian and Platonic ideas about love? a. Augustine 6. A Manichean worldview is a. Dualistic and hierarchical ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Early Christians formed communities and exchanged letters while developing their ideas on love a. True 2. An Agape Love Feast was a pagan celebration of fertility a. False 3. The pagan traditions of the ancient Greeks considered the gods responsible for making people fall in love

a. True 4. Agape love is the concept of unconditional love that Christians believe is most like God’s love a. True 5. Plato’s understanding of love is that it grows as we mature a. False 6. Eros as a creative power of love was displaced when Aphrodite gained prominence as sexual love, making Eros her child and the erotic understanding of romantic love that we hold today a. True 7. C.S. Lewis wrote The Golden Compass a. False 8. Plato’s understanding of “the Good” is transformed by Augustine to “God” a. True 9. There are five stages in Lewis’ ascent tradition a. False 10. Lewis considers Friendship love (philia) to be the highest form of love a. False 11. Lewis considers Charity love the highest form of love a. True Lesson 9: Judaic Tradition

1. This type of relationship with another human being is based on love and respect for the other a. I-Thou 2. This type of relationship respects the other as a person made in the “image of God” a. I-Thou 3. This type of relationship with another human being is based on treating the other as an object a. I-It

4. This type of relationship limits how we perceive another person a. I-It 5. Slavery, holocaust, and genocide are examples of a. I-It 6. This type of relationship involves treating others as fellow subjects a. I-Thou Lesson 10: Islamic and Sufi 1. The people of the Book refers to Muslims and the Qur’an a. False 2. Allah is primarily associated with mercy rather than love a. True 3. Allah loves all people unconditionally a. False 4. Ishq is moderate and proper love a. False 5. Hijabs cover the full body and obscure the eyes a. False 6. Human sexuality is fine as long as it is within marriage a. True 7. Muslims, like Christians, believe that following God’s rules is not as important as love a. False 8. The word Islam means submission and is derives from the Arabic word for peace a. True 9. The Hajj means attending a pilgrimage to Mecca a. True 10. The Five Pillars are 5 prayers that Muslims must undertake daily a. False ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Sufis are a. Muslims 2. One of the following is false. A pir is a a. Mystical experience 3. The central goal of Sufis is to a. Seek union with Allah 4. A veil is important to Sufis a. As an image that represents their separation from God 5. The parallel between Sufi asceticism and Majnun is his a. Wandering in the desert Lesson 11: Courtly Love, Romanticism, and Werther’s Story 1. Why did the Church add marriage to the list of sacraments in the 12th century? a. The church was displeased with the lack of fidelity people seemed to have for their spouses

2. From where did ideas of courtly love arise? a. Through Sufi understandings of the “beloved” 3. What type of relationship is characterized by tension between the sexual desire one partner may have for the other and the intended platonic nature of the relationship? a. Courtly love 4. What best describes Romanticism? a. A movement in which art is considered the highest good and individualism is embraced 5. Romanticism held that _____ mediated socio-political systems and freedom a. Aesthetic beauty 6. Which is not a historical understanding of the word “romance?” a. An invention of corporate beneficiaries of the artificial holiday of Valentine’s Day 7. Which tradition places women on a pedestal as the epitome of goodness? a. Courtly love and Jain tradition 8. The rise of courtly love and Romanticism were fostered in large part by numerous social conditions a. True

Lesson 12: Conclusion

1. The Nature-based traditions consider human sexuality to be a vital part of the worldview within their religious tradition a. False 2. Which traditions consider homosexuality to be part of the diversity of nature? a. Neo-Pagans and Aboriginals 3. Arranged marriages continue to be prominent in a. Hindu cultures 4. One of the following does not consider family life to be a distraction to obtaining one’s spiritual goals a. Sikh 5. Passionate love when combined with celibacy was used by _____ for spiritual growth a. Sufis “True Love: Thich Nhat Hanh” Four Aspects of Love 1. Maitri: loving kindness or benevolence 2. Karuna: compassion 3. Mudita: joy 4. Upeksha: equanimity or freedom Mantras: Love is BEING THERE Being there will your full presence in the here & now. RECOGNIZING the Presence of the Other To love is to recognize, to be recognized by the other. Being There When Someone is SUFFERING It should be easy for one to notice when someone you love is suffering. Presence is important for this.

Overcoming PRIDE Difficult to practice. In a situation which you are suffering yourself and you think your suffering has been created by the person you love most in this world. Pride is an obstacle. In true love, there is no place for pride. You must always ask for their help when suffering. Deep LISTENING You are the person who needs to listen to the person you love when they are suffering. Be calm and understanding. LEARNING to Speak with Love Again Associated with deep listening, then there is loving speech. Must speak in a way that the other person is receptive toward listening to you, with understanding, compassion, and the elements of love present. Restoring PEACE Within Yourself Practice breathing, caring for yourself, re-establishing peace in yourself, is the basic condition for helping someone else. We need to remain calm, a little joy, and compassion in ourselves. The Energy of MINDFULNESS When you are angry, you know you are angry, mindfulness is there. CARING for Our PAIN Every time you have an energy that needs to be transformed, like jealousy or fear, do something to care for this energy, if you don’t want it do destroy you. Bringing energy of mindfulness to embrace the pain. The Principle of NON-DUALITY Look at a flower: it is beautiful, it is fragrant, it is pure; but if you look deeply you can already see the compost in the flower. With meditation, you can see that already. If you do not meditate, you will have to wait ten days to be able to see that. The same is true of our mental formations, which include flowers like faith, hope, understanding and love; but there is also the waste material like fear and pain. The flower is on its way to becoming refuse, but the refuse is on its way to becoming a flower.

Reconciliation & NON-VIOLENCE When I am happy, I am also suffering. I must not discriminate or suppress one side in favour of the other. No conflict, no violence between one element of our being and another element of our being. Take care and being able to transform. Coming to Life Again Mindfulness is the practice that consists in bringing the body and the mind back to the present moment, and every time we practice that we come to life again. Being alive in the present moment, in the here and now is possible with mindful breathing. Life is here, in each step.

HUGGING Meditation Three mindful breaths, form a lotus flower with your hands. Take the other person you love in yo...