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PRACTICE YOUR GRAMMAR 1 compiled,produced and editedby ipek Ekmekqi & QigdemOnat Ankara2003 Middle EastTechnicalUniversity Departmentof BasicEnglish TABLE,OF CONTENTS 1. VERB TENSES PAGE 1 . 1 S i m p l ep r e s e natn dc o n t i n u o u. .s. . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Simplepastand continuous ll ...

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PRACTICE YOUR GRAMMAR 1

compiled,produced and editedby ipek Ekmekqi & QigdemOnat

Ankara2003 Middle EastTechnicalUniversity Departmentof BasicEnglish

TABLE,OF CONTENTS 1. VERB TENSES 1 . 1 S i m p l ep r e s e natn dc o n t i n u o u. .s. . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Simplepastand continuous

1.3 Future ............ perfectsimpleandcontinuous 1.4 Present 1.5 Pastperfectsimpleand continuous............

2. PRONOUNS 2.1 Personal Dronouns

4. QUESTTONS 4.1 Yes/ no. 'wh-', subject/ objectandinformationquestions

5. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 5.1 Adjectivesandadverbs 5.2 Adjectivesendingin-ing and-ed 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.1 5.8

Adjectivesand prepositions Numbersusedas adjectives Adjective order Comparativesand superlatives . .s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D o u b l ec o m p a r a t i v e Adverbs modifying adjectivesand otheradverbs

PAGE 1 ll 17 25 41

59

B8 l0t

104 105 105 108 108 109 t20 121

lil

6. N,IODALS 6 . 1 A b i l i t y( C a n/ C o a l d/ B e a b l et o ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. .2. 3 6 . 2 P e r m i s s i o(nM a y/ C o u l d/ C a n1 . . . ). . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 1. 2 5 (Would/ Will/ Could/ Canyou...) ............. 6.3 Requests 126 (Let's/ why don't / shall we/ could / How-whatabout)..... r2i 6.4 Suggestions 6.5 Offers(ShallI /I'll / Wouldyou like).......... . ...... 128 6.6 Obligationandnecessity(Must/ Haveto / Should/ Oughtto / 6.1 6 . 8 Lack of necessity (Don't have to / Needn't / Don't need to / Didn't have to / Didn't needto ) ................

I -1-1

6 . 9 Advisability ( Should / Ought to / Had better) ... .. ..... . 134 6 . 1 0 Expectations(Should) .............. . r35 6 . 11 Criticismand regret ( Shouldhave/ Ought to have) . .. ............. . ....... . 136 6 . 1 2 Degreesof certainty ( Must / May / Might / Could / Can't / Couldn't / May not / Might not / Must have / May-Might have / Could have / Can't-Couldn'thave/ May-Might not have) ................ ...........136 6 .l 3 P r e f e r e n c e( W o u l dr a t h e r) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l.4. .l. 6 . 1 4 P r o g r e s s i vf eo r m so f m o d a l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. .4. 3 6 . 1 5 R e v i e wo f m o d a l s . . . . . . . . . . . .t.4. .3

7 . THE PASSIVE 7.1 Simplepresent andcontinuous ............ 7 . 2 S i m p l ep a s ta n dc o n t i n u o u s perfectsimple 7.3 Present 7.4 Pastperfectsimple 7.5 Future 7.6 Modals -7 . 7 R e v i e wo f a c t i v ea n dp a s s i vveo i c e. . . . . . . . .

8. CONDITIONAL SENTENCESAND WISHBS 8 . 1 T y p e0 8 . 2 T y p e1 8.3 Conditionals with unless 8.4 Possibiliw t yi t hi n c a s e. . . . . . . . . . 8.5 Conditionals withprovidedandas longas .............. 8.6 Type2 8 . 7 T y p e3 8 . 8 M i x e dc o n d i t i o n a l s 8.9 Wishes 8 . 1 0 R e v i e wo f c o n d i t i o n a l s

9.

NOUN CLAUSES 9 . 1 R e p o r t e ds p e e c h 9.2 Indirectquestions 9.3 Noun clausesbeginningwith questionwords 9 . 4 N o u nc l a u s eb s e g i n n i n gw i t h t h a t . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 5 U s i n g- e v e r w o r d s 9 . 6 U s i n gt h e s u b j u n c t i vien n o u nc l a u s e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1V

... 157 . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. .5. .8 ........160 ....... ...... I 6 I . . . . ... . . . 1 6 3 .............164 . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. .6. 5

. . . . . . . . . .t.6. .7 . . . . . . . . . .1. .6. 1 ... 169 . . . . . . . . . . . .1. .6. 9 l7l . . . .. . . . . . 1 . 72 ..............114 ....... ..176 .............1'76 . . . . . .1. 7 9

............ 184 . . . . . . . . . . . .1. .9.0 ..........192 .. . ..... .. 193 . . . . . . . . . . . 1. .9. 6 ..196

IO. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' .1. .9.8. . . l0.l Non-defining................ .....'200 10.2 Defining . . . . .2 0 6 10.3 Omission ....207 10.4 Reduction 208 ........... of quantity 10.5 Usingexpressions . . . . 209 N o u n + o ; f w h i c h . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 ..-.209 prepositions usedastheobjectof the 10.7 Pronouns ......--......210 1 0 . 8 R e v i e wo f a d i e c t i vcel a u s e s

11. PARTICIPLES..........

217

12. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6

A l l o w ,m a k e, l e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E n o u g ha n d t o o( . . . t o.). . . . . . . . F o r m so f u s e dt o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C a u s a t i vvee r b s. . . . . . . . . V e r b so f p e r c e p t i o. .n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. andinfinitives Reviewof gerunds

............'....221 ..............222 . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. 2 . .6.....228 . . . . . . . .2. .2 9 .........230

1 3 . CONNECTIVES 238 causeandeffectusingso/ such...that................ 13.1 Expressing ....239 purposeusingso that,in orderto andbecause 13.2 Expressing

14. EMPHATIC STRUCTURES l 4 . l C l e f ts e n t e n c .e. s. . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 Inversions

1 5 . GENERAL REVISION 15.1 Clozetests........... 1 5 . 2 M u l t i p l ec h o i c et e s t s. . . . . . . . . . .

A N S W E RK E Y " " " " '

..........-..........243 ....245

........--.250 ........---...265

""' 306

1. VERB TENSES 1.1SIMPLE PRESENTAND CONTINUOUS A. Fill in the blanks with suitableverbs in their correct forms. Bridget Damon is a housewife.She doesn'twork so she has a lot of free time. Bridget (l)

getting up early so she gets up at 6:30 every morning. Then, she

(2)

breakfast. After breakfast, she (3)

Bridget (4)

(s)

the dishes.

for a walk in the park every day. In the afternoons. she physicalexercisesbecauseshe wants to (6)

On weekendsBridget sometimes(7)

weight.

solf with her friends. ***

YolandaSmith is from Oxford, London.She is a studentandsheis l7 yearsold. Yolanda

Sheusually(8) goesto schoolby br"rs. the bus. She

(e)

(l0) (lt) (l3)

out of the window when sheis on a

to

sandwich for

the cafeteria. When

lunch or

she is

television or (12\

at

she sometimes

the dormitory, she

to music. Sometimes she

cardswith her friends or (14)

a book.

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.

Bob and Cindy ( l)

(2) (3)

(s)

(be) married. They live in London but they (be)

from

They

England.

are

from

(have) a son. His name (4)

Australia. They (be) Peter. He

(have) blue eyes and black hair. Peter (6)

(be).r

student.He is just two yearsold.

Jaya Rajah is fifteen, but he (7)

(go) to high school. He studies (be) in their

medicine at New York University. His class-mates(8)

twenties.Jayawas born in Madras,India, but his family moved to the U.S.A. when he was

two He (9)

(live) in a house in New York with his parents and his

younser brother.His fatheris a doctor.Jaya(10) He never (1 I ) (12)

(havegot) any friends.

(go) out in the evenings, but he sometimes (watch) TV.

He says, "I

live for

one thing -

I

(13)

(want) to be a doctor beforeI'm seventeen.Other children of my

age are not lnterestlng T h e y ( 1 4 )

(understand)me. so I don't

usuallytalk to them."

Mike

Parrish

( l5)

(be)

a

modern

cowboy.

He

(16)

(live)

(t7)

(get up/ always) with the sun -- about hall' past four i n the

in

a

small

caravan in

the

rnountains. He

summerand half past sevenin the winter.For breakfasthe (18)

( e a t ) t"]DO5( '"q.

sausagesand potatoes. His dog. Lance. is always by his side. At the momel.)r, he

(le)

(make)coffee for himself. There are birds (20)

i n t h es k y .a n dL a n c e ( 2 l )

1f1y)

(watch)them.

Dear Sir,

I (22)

because (23)

(write)

(take)place in my countrythese

that far too many changes(24) days and consequently, we

(25)

(26)

in

(live)

(21) ( 2 8)

(lose) our a

(change)

small

before

town,

my

but

eyes.

even

For

identity. I this

town

instance. they

( b u i l d ) a burger bar in the place of my favouriterestaurant.Our (belong)to everyone,and I (30)

culture(29) why the authorities(31)

(321

( s e e m) t o l n c

(understand )

tdol anything to prescrveit. In I'uct.I

(think) of starting an action group. I (33)

lappear)on TV 4's "You Talk" programmeon Friday night to make people aware of the importance of this issue. It's time for us to start doine somethins before it

(34)

(get) too late.

Yourssincerely. And Archer

Rupert

Hi Nigel! How are you?

Nigel

Fine. fine. It's beena long time, hasn'tit? So tell me about yourself.

Rupert

Well, for the time being I (35)

(work) in a

language school in Cairo but I want to change my job as soon as I (161

Nigel

I see.What (37)

Rupert

I (38)

Nigel

That s lovely.And what (39)

(find) a better-paidone. (do/you) here in London? (have)a holiday. (think/you)of

Cairo'l Rupert

Actually. I like it very much. It is a very excitingplace.

Nigel

And what aboutyour job? Is it difficult?

Rupert

Not really. I (40)

(teach/ usually) from I I

a.m. to I p.-. and then later again from 6.30 to 9.30. In the evenrngs.my (go) into town very

friends and I (41)

often. We nrefer to cometosetherat eachother'shousesand chat.

You (42)

Nigel

(seem) to enjoy your days in

Cairo.So when areyou going back? ( l e a v )e

Next week on Friday.My plane (43)

Rupert

early,at about7.00 a.m. Nigel

: By the way, how is your brother?

Rupert

:

Chris... oh. he's OK. He is married with two children and as usual he (stop) telling me that I should settle

(44)

down and get married.Thesedayshe (45)

(play)a (guess)he wants to

lot of football.I (46) get fir!

41.

(constantly/ complain)that

Alice is an annoyingguest;she the houseis cold.

(understand)everythingI say.

48.

My dog is very intelligent.It

49.

The white building oppositethe street

(belong)to a famous

pop-singerbut sheis planningto sell it. 50.

You shouldn'tlift that heavybox. You ***

(expect)a baby.

A : W h y( 5 1 ) B:

(wear) a suit and a tie?

you

I have a iob interview this afternoon.I (52)

(want) to look good.

***

53. A:

you

(remember)your first day at school?

B: Yes. What aboutyou? 54. A: What'sall that noise?

B: Our neishbours

(have)a party. ***

A:

Where is Jane this morning? (55) baby?

B:

No. She(56)

(bath) the

she

(bath)him in the evenings. x**

A: why (57)

(Bill/try) to finish the report so quickly?

B: It's Tuesday. He (58) checkedon Tuesdays.

A:

(give) his reports to his boss to be

Where is your fiance?I haven'tseenhim recently.

B: He (59) summer. A: Ohl (60) July?

(work) as a receptionist at a hotel in Leeds for the

he

(come) back for our class reunion in

B : N o . b u t h e ' l l b e b a c k a s s o o na s h e ( 6 1 ) get married becausehe isn't very happy there. He (62) get on with the manager.

(earn) enough money to (seem)to

(ring) the doorbell! 63. A: Barbara! Can't you hear? Someone My handsare greasy.Could you pleaseopen the door for me? B: Sure.mum....Oh, it's Uncle Harry!

1997

October Hi. Teresa!

I (64)

(write) this letter from Berlin. It's a very big city

Thereare a lot of interestingpeoplehere.School is greatl Our

classes

(finish) ar

(65)

1

p.m.

We

(usually/have)lunch in the restaurantopposite the

(66) school. The food

very good and quite cheap there. In the afternoon we (often/visit) a museum, but this afternoon w e

(61)

(go) swimming in the big swimming pool

(68) HeidelbergPark.

Hope to hear from you soon. Love, Hugo

It's

Saturday

night,

and

I'm

home.

at

very

That's

unusual.

I

(often/stay)at home on a Saturdaynight, but today I

(691

(slt)

(have) a terrible headache.I (71)

(70)

in my balcony to get somefresh air now. It's a warm night and the streetsare crowded.ln (sell)flowers.

front of the cinema.thereis an old woman (72) S h e( 7 3 )

(wear; a long colourful skirt. >k>kt

We

(14)

(7s) from the States(76)

(like)

spending

time

at

home

and

we

(never/go)out in the evenings,but at the moment our friend (visit)us and we (77)

theatresand many other interestingplacesin the evenings. him to restaurants,

***

(take)

C. Ask questions.

Linda and Mark Nelson are from Canada.They have two children -

a girl and a boy.

Their daughter,Sue, is 3 yearsold. She doesn'tgo to school.Their son, Tom. is 12. He goesto secondaryschool.The Nelsonslive in a beautiful housein Toronto. Their housers big. There are five bedrooms,three bathrooms,a living room, a dining room and a hrig kitchen.There is also a garagebehindthe house. l.

? No, shedoesn't.Sheis onlv 3 vearsold.

2. It's in Toronto.

3. Five.

Yes.thereis.It'sbehindthehouse.

Completethe questions. ClarissaandRobertaretalking: Robert

(5)

Clarissa

I'm an accountant.

Robert

(6)

Clarissa

Yes. I do. In CentralBank

Robert

(7)

Clarissa

It's in High Streetoppositethe SportsCentre.

Robert

SeltonSportsCentre?

Clarissa

Yes. Jack and I go swimrningat the Centreevery day.

Robert

(8)

Clarissa

Jack'smy husband.We've got two daughters.

Robert

(e)

Clarissa

Janeis five and Mary is sevenyearsold

Clarissa?

in a bank?

CentralBank?

Jack?

theri ?

lunch?

10. A B ll.

Mv husband?At the restaurantnext to his office.

A B

12. A B

I boughtit tenyearsago. One.It's an old Volkswagen. in thrscity? No. They live in Cambridge. after dinner ?

13. A B

Well, we usually watch TV. And when the weatheris good, we go out for a walk.

Alice and Marco meet at a party for the first time. Alice

Hello. My nameis Alice. What'syours?

Marco

It's Marco.

Alice

(14)

Marco

Italian.I cameto London in 1992.

Alice

(15)

Marco

In the Italian restaurantin Maple Street.I'm a cook there.

. Marco ?

Italian food?

(1 6 ) Alice

Yes, I have.I think it's delicious.Are you married?

Marco

Yes. i am

Alice

(17)

Marco

My wife does.She is a very good cook

at home?

*** Alberto

Hello. I'm Alberto.

Brenda

Oh, hi. I'm Brenda.

Alberto

(1 B )

Brenda

I'm from the USA.

Alberto

Really!I'm from Italy. (19)

Brenda

That'sLisa.

Alberto

(20)

Brenda

No, sheisn't.Sheis my sister.

cill?

friend?

Alberto

:

(21)

Brenda

:

She'sseventeen.

Alberto

:

(22)

Brenda

: No. I'm not a student.Actuallv. I'm a teacher.

Mary is talkingto her mother abouther new friend, Linda. Mary

Linda is a new studentin our class.She is stayingat the school dormrtory.

Her mother

I see.(23)

Mary

Her parents?Well, they live in North Carolina.

Her mother

t)4t

to North Carolina at

weekends? Mary

No, she doesn't.She has a part-timejob in a restauranton Saturdaysand Sundays.She wantsto savesomemoney.

Her mother

(2s)

Mary

Becauseshe is planningto buy herselfa new computer.

Her mother

I see.Why don't you invite Linda over for dinner?I really want to meet her.

Mary

That'sa good idea.

to savemoney?

Martin is talking to Sally on the phone. Martin

I want to go to the library tomorrow morning. I need to get some information about new computerprograms.

Sally

Let's go there togetherafter school.

Martin

OK but my lessonfinishesat 5 o'clock.(26) ,|

Sally

It closesat 7 o'clock.

Martin

That'sgood. Let's go togetherafter schoolthen.

D. SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS? Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: the 'present simple' or 'present continuous'.

(smel1)wonderful.

A

:

Oh, the house( 1)

B

:

I've just bakeda chocolatecake.

A

: Where is John?

B

:

He is in his room. Pleasedon't disturbhim. He (2)

A

:

Have you finally found a good job?

B

: No,

not

yet.

I've

(3) A

: Tell me what you (4)

B