PRAKTIKUM DASAR-DASAR ILMU TANAH PDF

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LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DASAR- DASAR ILMU TANAH Disusun Oleh: Golongan C2/ Kelompok 3 1. Saniatus Solekhah (17025010085) 2. Rosalinda Ramadayanti (17025010088) 3. Muh. Faishal Octadianto (17025010089) 4. Nensi Agustina (17025010095) PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGU...

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LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM DASAR- DASAR ILMU TANAH

Disusun Oleh: Golongan C2/ Kelompok 3 1. Saniatus Solekhah

(17025010085)

2. Rosalinda Ramadayanti

(17025010088)

3. Muh. Faishal Octadianto

(17025010089)

4. Nensi Agustina

(17025010095)

PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAWA TIMUR 2018

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Laporan akhir praktikum dasar- dasar ilmu tanah yang disusun oleh: 1. Saniatus Solekhah

(17025010085)

2. Rosalinda Ramadayanti

(17025010088)

3. Muh. Faishal Octadianto

(17025010089)

4. Nensi Agustina

(17025010095)

Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas Praktikum Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur.

Surabaya, 04 Desember 2018

Menyetujui,

Ir. Supamrih, S.E., MMA. NIP. 19620424 198903 1001

Muhammad Firmansyah NPM. 1625010101

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji Syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang atas rahmat-Nya maka kami dapat menyelesaikan laporan praktikum Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah . Penyelesaian laporan adalah salah satu tugas dan persyaratan untuk memenuhi nilai tugas mata kuliah Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah. Penulisan laporan praktikum ini masih banyak kekurangan-kekurangan baik dalam penulisan maupun materi, mengingat kemampuan yang dimiliki. Untuk itu kami sangat menerima kritik dan saran dari semua pihak demi menyempurnakan pembuatan laporan ini. Dalam penulisan laporan ini kami menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih yag tak terhingga pada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian laporan ini, khususnya kepada: 1. Ir. Supamrih, S.E., MMA., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Praktikum DasarDasar Ilmu Tanah. 2. Muhammad Firmansyah, selaku Asisten Praktikum Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah. Secara khusus kami menyampaikan terimakasih kepada keluarga yang telakh memberikan dorongan dan pengertian dalam menyelesaikan laporan praktikum ini, dan semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang telah memberikan bantuan dalam penulisan laporan ini. Akhir kata kami berharap semoga Allah SWT memberikan imbalan yang setimpal kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan, dan dapat dijadikan sebagai amalan ibadah.

Surabaya, 04 Desember 2018

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI Lembar Pengesahan .................................................................................. i Kata Pengatar ............................................................................................. ii Daftar Isi ..................................................................................................... iii Daftar Gambar............................................................................................. vi Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................ ix Daftar Lampiran .......................................................................................... x I.

Pendahuluan Umum ...................................................................... 1

II.

Pengambilan Contoh Tanah di Lapangan ..................................... 2 2.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 3 2.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 3 2.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 4 2.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 5 2.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 5 2.5.1. Pengambilan Contoh Tanah Utuh ................................ 5 2.5.2. Pengambilan Contoh Tanah Biasa dan Agregat Utuh .. 6 2.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 7 2.6.1. Contoh Tanah .............................................................. 7 2.6.2. Gambar Tanah Utuh ..................................................... 7 2.6.3. Gambar Tanah Agregat Utuh ....................................... 7 2.6.4. Gambar Tanah Biasa .................................................... 8 2.6.5. Syarat-Syarat Pengambilan Contoh Tanah .................. 8 2.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 9 2.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 11 Lampiran ....................................................................................... 12

III. Penetapan Tekstur dan Warna Tanah ........................................... 13 3.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 14 3.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 15 3.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 16 3.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 17 3.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 17 3.5.1. Penetapan tekstur tanah ................................................ 17 iii

3.5.2. Penetapan Warna Tanah ............................................... 18 3.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 19 3.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 20 3.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 22 IV. Penetapan Kadar Air Tanah .......................................................... 23 4.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 24 4.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 24 4.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 25 4.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 27 4.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 27 4.5.1. Cara Kerja Penetapan Kadar Air Kering Udara ........... 27 4.5.2. Cara Kerja Penetapan Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang .... 28 4.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 29 4.6.1. Perhitungan Kadar Air Kering Udara .......................... 29 4.6.2. Perhitungan Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang ................... 29 4.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 31 4.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 33 Lampiran ....................................................................................... 34 V.

Penetapan Berat Isi Tanah, Berat Jenis Tanah, dan Ruang Pori ... 36 5.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 37 5.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 37 5.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 38 5.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 39 5.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 39 5.5.1. Penetapan Berat Isi ..................................................... 39 5.5.2. Penetapan Berat Jenis................................................. 40 5.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 41 5.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 43 5.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 45 Lampiran ....................................................................................... 46

VI. Penetapan Bentuk Struktur Tanah ................................................ 48 6.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 49

iv

6.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 49 6.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 50 6.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 52 6.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 52 6.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 53 6.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 54 6.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 55 VII. Penetapan pH tanah, Bahan Organik Tanah, dan Kapur .............. 56 7.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 57 7.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 57 7.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 58 7.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 60 7.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 60 7.5.1. Penetapan pH................................................................ 60 7.5.2. Penetapan Bahan Organik ............................................ 61 7.5.3. Penetapan Kapur........................................................... 61 7.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 62 7.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 63 7.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 64 Lampiran ....................................................................................... 65 VIII. Penetapan Konsistensi Tanah ....................................................... 67 8.1. Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 68 8.2. Tujuan .................................................................................... 68 8.3. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 69 8.4. Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 70 8.5. Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 70 8.5.1. Keadaan Basah .................................................................. 70 8.5.2. Keadaan Lembab ............................................................... 70 8.5.3. Keadaan Kering ................................................................. 70 8.6. Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 71 8.7. Pembahasan ........................................................................... 72 8.8. Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 73

v

Lampiran ....................................................................................... 74 IX. Penetapan Kemantapan Agregat ................................................... 75 9.1 Pendahuluan ........................................................................... 76 9.2 Tujuan .................................................................................... 77 9.3 Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 78 9.4 Alat dan Bahan....................................................................... 79 9.5 Cara Kerja .............................................................................. 79 9.6 Hasil Pengamatan .................................................................. 81 9.7 Pembahasan ........................................................................... 84 9.8 Kesimpulan ............................................................................ 85 Lampiran ....................................................................................... 86 X. Kesimpulan .................................................................................. 87 Daftar Pustaka.................................................................................... 88

vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Tanah Utuh NJ ..................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.2. Tanah Utuh MJ ..................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.3. Tanah Agregat Utuh NJ........................................................ 7 Gambar 2.4. Tanah Agregat Utuh MJ ....................................................... 7 Gambar 2.5. Tanah Biasa Ngampel NJ ..................................................... 8 Gambar 2.6. Tanah Biasa MJ .................................................................... 8 Gambar 2.7. Sampel Tanah 1 NJ 7°23'44.2"S 112°20'12.3"E .................. 12 Gambar 2.8. Sampel Tanah 2 MJ 7°23'44.2"S 112°20'12.3"E ................. 12 Gambar 3.1. Tekstur Tanah NJ ................................................................. 19 Gambar 3.2. Warna Tanah Basah NJ ........................................................ 19 Gambar 3.3. Warna Tanah Kering NJ ....................................................... 19 Gambar 3.4. Tekstur Tanah MJ................................................................. 19 Gambar 3.5. Warna Tanah Basah MJ ....................................................... 19 Gambar 3.6. Warna Tanah Kering MJ ...................................................... 19 Gambar 4.1. Berat Tanah Kering Oven Sampel Tanah NJ ....................... 34 Kadar Air Kering Udara Gambar 4.2. Berat Tanah Kering Oven Sampel Tanah MJ ...................... 34 Kadar Air Kering Udara Gambar 4.3. Berat Kaleng Sampel Tanah NJ ........................................... 34 Kadar Air Kering Udara Gambar 4.4. Berat Kaleng Sampel Tanah MJ........................................... 34 Kadar Air Kering Udara Gambar 4.5. Berat Tanah Kering Oven Sampel Tanah NJ ....................... 34 Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang Gambar 4.6. Berat Tanah Kering Oven Sampel Tanah MJ ...................... 34 Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang Gambar 4.7. Berat Ring Sampel Tanah NJ ............................................... 34 Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang Gambar 4.8. Berat Ring Sampel Tanah NJ ............................................... 34 Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang Gambar 4.9. Berat Tanah Kering Udara Sampel Tanah NJ ...................... 35 Kadar Air Kering Udara Gambar 4.10. Berat Tanah Kering Udara Sampel Tanah MJ ..................... 35 Kadar Air Kering Udara vii

Gambar 4.11. Berat Tanah Kering Udara Sampel Tanah NJ ...................... 35 Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang Gambar 4.12. Berat Tanah Kering Udara Sampel Tanah MJ ..................... 35 Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang Gambar 5.1. Berat Tanah + Ring (g) (105oC) NJ ..................................... 46 Gambar 5.2. Berat Ring (g) NJ ................................................................. 46 Gambar 5.3. Berat Tanah + Ring (g) (105oC) MJ ..................................... 46 Gambar 5.4. Berat Ring (g) MJ ................................................................. 46 Gambar 5.5. Labu Ukur NJ (g) ................................................................. 47 Gambar 5.6. Labu Ukur + Berat Tanah (g) NJ ......................................... 47 Gambar 5.7. Labu Ukur + Berat Tanah + Air (g) NJ ................................ 47 Gambar 5.8. Labu Ukur MJ (g) ................................................................. 47 Gambar 5.9. Labu Ukur + Berat Tanah (g) MJ ......................................... 47 Gambar 5.10. Labu Ukur + Berat Tanah + Air (g) MJ ............................... 47 Gambar 6.1. Struktur Tanah NJ ................................................................ 53 Gambar 6.2. Struktur Tanah MJ................................................................ 53 Gambar 7.1. Pengamatan Bahan Organik Tanah NJ................................. 65 Gambar 7.2. Pengamatan Bahan Organik Tanah MJ ................................ 65 Gambar 7.3. Pengamatan Kapur Tanah NJ ............................................... 65 Gambar 7.4. Pengamatan Kapur Tanah MJ .............................................. 65 Gambar 7.5. pH H2O Tanah NJ ................................................................ 65 Gambar 7.6. pH H2O Tanah MJ ................................................................ 65 Gambar 7.7. pH KCl Tanah NJ ................................................................. 66 Gambar 7.8. pH KCl Tanah MJ ................................................................ 66 Gambar 8.1. Konsistensi Tanah Basah MJ ............................................... 74 Gambar 8.2. Konsistensi Tanah Basah NJ ................................................ 74 Gambar 8.3. Konsistensi Tanah Lembab MJ ............................................ 74 Gambar 8.4. Konsistensi Tanah Lembab NJ ............................................. 74 Gambar 8.5. Konsistensi Tanah Kering MJ .............................................. 74 Gambar 8.6. Konsistensi Tanah Kering NJ ............................................... 74 Gambar 9.1. Tanah Agregat NJ................................................................. 86 Gambar 9.2. Tanah Agregat MJ ................................................................ 86 Gambar 9.3. Tanah Agregat NJ Mulai Pecah ........................................... 86

viii

Gambar 9.4. Tanah Agregat MJ Mulai Pecah ........................................... 86 Gambar 9.5. Tanah Agregat NJ Mulai Hancur ......................................... 86 Gambar 9.6. Tanah Agregat MJ Mulai Hancur......................................... 86

ix

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1. Pengamatan Tekstur, dan Warna Tanah .................................... 19 Tabel 4.1. Perhitungan Kadar Air Kering Udara ........................................ 29 Tabel 4.2. Perhitungan Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapangan .............................. 29 Tabel 5.1. Perhitungan Berat Isi Tanah ....................................................... 41 Tabel 5.2. Perhitungan Berat Jenis Tanah ................................................... 41 Tabel 5.3. Perhitungan Ruang Pori Tanah .................................................. 41 Tabel 6.1. Pengamatan Struktur Tanah ....................................................... 53 Tabel 7.1. Hasil Pengukuran pH Tanah ...................................................... 62 Tabel 7.2. Hasil Pengamatan Bahan Organik Tanah dan Kapur................. 62 Tabel 8.1. Pengamatan Konsistensi Tanah ................................................. 71 Tabel 9.1. Jumlah Tetesan Air untuk Menghancurkan .............................. 81 Tanah Sampel 1 (NJ) Tabel 9.2. Jumlah Tetesan Air untuk Menghancurkan .............................. 81 Tanah Sampel 2 (MJ)

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Pengambilan Sampel Tanah................................................... 12 Lampiran 2. Kadar Air Tanah .................................................................... 34 Lampiran 3. Berat Isi, Berat Jenis, ............................................................ 46 Dan Ruang Pori Tanah Lampiran 4. Penetapan Ph Tanah, ............................................................. 65 Bahan Organik Tanah, Dan Kapur Lampiran 5. Konsistensi Tanah .................................................................. 74 Lampiran 6. Kemantapan Agregat ............................................................. 86

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