P.R.C.C B.Com 3rd sem. PDF

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Public relations & corporate communication summarized notes...

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Benefits of Positive thinking: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Helps to Achieve the goal Produces more energy Brings Happiness Increase your faith Motivate yourself Face difficulties Gives you more respect

Creativity CREATIVITY: turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. "A mental activity performed in situations where there is no prior correct solution or answer" - Encyclopedia

Creative Mind Ability to an individual to produce something new through imaginative skill.

Characteristics of creativity 1. Universal 2. Innate and acquired 3. Produces new 4. Wide scope 5. Adventurous 6. Anxiety 7. Divergent thinking Importance 1. Identify Problems 2. Solve problems 3. Expression of uniqueness 4. Intellectual Growth 5. Explore the word 6. Increase of self-worth 7. Nurtures physical development 8. Nurtures social development 9. Motivation 10. Helps in decision making

Elements 1. Cognitive 2. Affective 3. Motivational 4. Personal 5. Learning 6. Make a list 7. Take risk Factors affecting creativity: 1. Individual 2. Organizational 3. Uncertain 4. Environment 5. Confront assumption 6. Exhibit curiosity 7. Management practices 8. Risk taking 9. Involvement 10. Performance+ 11. Team diversity 12. Imaginative Enhancing creativity 1. Measuring 2. Analyzing 3. Solutions to enhance creativity 4. Stimulate yourself 5. Identify creative moods 6. Avoid idle time 7. Leadership 8. Enhance imagination 9. Situations 10. Capture ideas 11. Variation 12. Brain storming 13. Evolve ideas 14. Thinking out of the box Qualities of Creative person 1.

Barriers to Creativity 1. Laziness 2. Fear of failure 3. Suppression of curiosity 4. Narrow thinking 5. Negative attitude 6. Rigid 7. Isolation 8. Negative social environment 9. Physiological inability 10. Believing myths Techniques of Creativity: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Brain storming Six Thinking Hats Mind mapping Attributes listing

1. Brain storming A group attempts to find a solution for a specific problem by amassing all the ideas spontaneously by its members.

Process: 1. Define the problem 2. Deciding the number of people 3. Having a mediator 4. Appoint one to write the ideas 5. Time period 6. Feel free to speak 7. Further checking and reference after completion

Sequence: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Rules Time limit Question Collection of ideas Execute the ideas Clarifying Reject duplicates

Advantages: 1. New creative solution 2. Can be used in small or large group 3. New innovative ideas 4. Less cost 5. Problem solving 6. Team building 7. Future planning 8. Increase productivity 9. Increase working environment 10. Solve future risk

Disadvantages 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Lengthy process Depends mediator Quantity based Not suitable for small scale Repetitive ideas Financial obstacles Time consuming

2. 6 Thinking Hats: [Lateral Thinking] 1. White: Past data problem solving 2. Black: judgement and evaluation [ powerful hat] 3. Red: emotion and feelings 4. Yellow: Positive and explore benefits 5. Green: think of possibilities 6. Blue: Control Technique, provide guidance 3. Mind mapping: [Spider diagram, spider graphs, mind webs and webbing] A technique for drawing visually outline information in diagram instead of writing it in sentence. Process: 1. Need a big sheet and colored pencils 2. Start in the middle of the sheet 3. All ideas linked to the central theme 4. Note ideas in keywords

5. Fill sheet with all the ideas 6. Link between the concepts 7. Use multiple colors 8. Own style of mind mapping 9. Show importance and association 10.Clear mind map Uses: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Effective tool for solving Outline Presents structure and relationship Anonymous collaboration Express creativity Concise & Memorable format Team building Increase workers morale

4. Attributes Listing

CAREER PLANNING

Career: A Career is an occupation undertaken for a significant period of person's life and with opportunities for progress and meaning in a person's life. Career is seen in today's world as a continuous process of learning and development. Hall “A career can be defined as the individually perceived sequence of work related experiences and activities over the span of the person’s life”

Career planning: The process that enables individuals to choose their career and the way through which they can achieve those goals Characteristics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Develop human resource Obtain optimum results Continuous process Individual and org. needs Employees progression and organizational efficiency Collective responsibility

Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Guide employees Foresee vacancies Growth and development Combine individual and organizational needs Motivation Skilled and competent person Retain employees Meet future needs Train and develop employees

Importance / merits 1. Individuals / employees a. Knowledge b. Suitable lifestyle c. Job satisfaction d. Employee commitment e. Promotion f. Performance g. Satisfying the needs 2. Organization a. Human resource b. Attract and retain c. Reduce work frustration d. Promotes goodwill Source of Career info. 1. Personal source 2. People 3. Library 4. Internet 5. Placements 6. Profession employees 7. Advertisements 8. Government 9. Employers 10. Personal reference Choosing Career:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Interest Opportunity Education Training

Career Counselling: "Counseling or mentoring or coaching on issues related to an individual's career".

Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Provide personal info. Guide person on career options Provide info. About levels of job Provide range of career opportunities

Benefits: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Realize aptitude Help candidate to view the reality Clarity of thoughts in candidate Test to know strength and weakness of candidate Guide to goal setting and to success Start looking for a new job

CHAPTER 4 Communication – Latin ‘communicare’ = common Meaning Communication = sharing one’s ideas, opinions, info through written or spoken words, symbols or actions. Theo Haiman: “It is the process of passing info & understanding from one person to another” Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Social process Two way process Dynamic process Continuous process Universal Mutual understanding Goal oriented Is a science

9. Networks = flow of message Objectives: 1. Decision making 2. Understanding 3. Tool = flow of info 4. Sharing 5. Business relationship 6. Enhance channels 7. Counselling 8. Delegation 9. Motivation / Morale 10. Inter communication 11. Info in advance about change in environment 12. Opportunities to subordinates Principles: 1. Simple Language 2. No confusion 3. Proper Medium of com. 4. Info =adequate 5. Right climate in org. 6. Follow up 7. Training 8. Co-operation 9. No conflicting message. 10. Action in message conveyed Process: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Sender Encoding Message Medium Receiver Decoding+ Feedback

Types: 1. Expression 2. Organizational 3. Direction

1. Expression: a. Oral / Verbal b. Non-verbal / body language c. Written 2. Organizational a. Formal b. Informal [ Grapevine ] 3. Direction: a. Downward b. Upward c. Vertical d. Horizontal e. Diagonal

Importance: 1. Coordination 2. Cooperation 3. Managerial efficiency 4. Decision making 5. Maintain peace 6. Recruitment 7. Employees performance 8. Teach = personal safety 9. Managers performance 10. Motivates and clarifies 11. Socializing 12. Alter attitude 13. Links management

Barriers: 1. Semantic – science of meaning = probs.in decoding &encoding a. Poor vocabulary

b. c. d. e.

Different language Different context Badly expressed Fault translation

2. Physical – obstacle to reach info a. Noise b. Improper time c. overloaded info d. Distance 3. Organizational a. Policy b. Rules & regulation c. Relationship d. Org. Complexity e. Staff meetings f. Choice of channel

4. Socio-psychological: a. Perceptions b. Attitude c. Ego d. Emotion e. Distrust f. Lack of concentration 5. Personal A. Superiors a. Attitude b. Fear to face authority c. Lack of confidence d. Ignoring communication B. Subordinates; a. Unwillingness b. Lack of incentives 6. Cross – culture a. Cultural relativism b. Ethnocentrism c. Lack of knowledge d. Discrimination

Measures to overcome barriers: 1. Take corrective actions 2. Carefully organize the message 3. Appropriate language 4. Effective communication channel 5. Give feedback 6. Face to face communication 7. Picture = good communication 8. Effective listening attentively 9. Cooperation, trust 10. Disturbance must be removed 11. Appropriate usage of body language 12. Emotionally strong & intelligent

Listening Skills: Attentiveness of the receiver in decoding (i.e., translating the symbols into meaning) and interpreting the messages correctly in communication process . Johnson: "listening is the ability to understand and respond effectively to oral communication." Importance: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Develop trust Gain info Increase reputation Increase understandability Decrease conflict Motivates Increase productivity

Benefits: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Increase knowledge Good relationship Ensure support Better team work Solves problem Org. development Reduce stress Proper understanding

9. Increase decision making skill

Listening Process 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Hearing Attention Understanding Remembering Evaluating Responding

Types of Listening: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Active Passive Selective Empathetic Appreciative Critical Projective Relationship Comprehensive

Barriers 1. Physical: a. Noise b. Physical discomfort c. Physical distraction 2. Psychological: a. Emotional b. Attitude c. Mindset d. Anxiety / fear 3. Linguistic: a. Improper decoding b. Language c. Jargons 4. Cultural: a. Cultural difference b. Different values

c. Different social norms

Communication Gap It means that goals that are set by top management are either not communicated to employees of org. at all levels. Causes 1. Fear 2. Mistrust 3. Body language & tone 4. Improper communication medium 5. Inappropriate language 6. Lack of focus 7. Lack of enthusiasm 8. Lack of empathy 9. Noise 10. Confusing facts 11. Overloaded info. 12. Ignoring details Body Language: It refers to the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. It is communication using body movements or gestures instead of words. Different aspects: 1. Appearance 2. Clothing 3. Gesture 4. Posture 5. Facial Expression 6. Smile 7. Eye contact 8. Energy 9. Space 10. Time Importance: 1. Group discussion 2. Express feelings

3. 4. 5. 6.

Verbal communication Creates impression Building relationship Enhance effectiveness of communication

Tips: Speech: Refers to power of speaking, oral communication, ability to express one’s thoughts and emotions by speech sounds and gestures. Features: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Clarity Informal & personal Concrete vivid & imagery concise Interesting Listener oriented Informative Feedback

Basics 1. Quality of voice 2. Pitch 3. Loudness 4. Intonation & modulation 5. Rate of speech 6. Rhythm 7. Stress 8. Positive feedback 9. Ambiguity 10. Assertive Presentation skill Live mode of sharing info with selective audience Purpose: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Demonstrate Create image Concept of idea Represent Promote Suggest

Features: 1. Target audience 2. Focus on topic 3. Convey info 4. Positive body language 5. Visual aids 6. Well planned 7. Rehearse 8. Encourage questions from audience 9. Summarize 10. Be confident 11. Gain audience 12. Affirmative 13. Objectives Powerful presentation skills 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Knowing the listener Organizing Speaking clearly Right body language Using visuals Handling questions

Presentation aids: Techniques: Resume preparation Curriculum vitae or a written statement containing personal information about a candidate

Contents

Group discussion Imp. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Exchange of ideas Assess the candidates Aim to find leader Produce solution Find out issues Express the view

7. Changes attitudes 8. Obtains feedback Interview Imp. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Formal meeting Exchange of idea Qualities of interviewee Increases success rate Elimination Selection of candidate Make informed decision

vision Abstract, intellectual, & mental concept Guideline Express policy Inspirational Features: 1. Gives direction 2. Foresight 3. Long term goal 4. Set for change 5. What you want out of life 6. It defines you 7. Details principle

Goal Concrete, definite and tangible Milestone Describes activity Practicable...